scholarly journals Spiritual Environment Management Tool

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Joelle
Keyword(s):  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Spiritual Practices ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Spirituality At Work ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Worker's Perceptions

This chapter is about the spiritual environment management tool, which includes spirituality at work and spiritual practices. This management tool is divided into two steps: diagnostic of the worker’s perceptions about spirituality at work (first step) and spiritual practices design (second step). By meaning, spirituality at work can help healthcare managers to build effective teamwork in medicine. Spirituality at work has a multidimensional and measurable nature and is aligned with the three principles of the World Health Organization, based on two arguments: the new approach should be preventive and should promote partnership. This fact allows the managers as well the human resource department to classify the organizational environment on the next spiritual issues in the first step: meaningful work; opportunities for inner life; the sense of community; alignment with the organization’s value; emotional balance and inner peace. The reduction of medical errors to improve patient safety require the performance of multistep tasks of the great complexity of healthcare professionals, and this chapter pretends to show how the spiritual environment management tool can contribute with the “all working together” goal through a multi-disciplinary care team.

scholarly journals Summary of the International Patient Safety Conference, June 28—29, 2019, Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak C. Bajracharya ◽  
Kshitij Karki ◽  
Chhiring Yangjen Lama ◽  
Rajesh Dhoj Joshi ◽  
Shankar Man Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
World Health ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractGlobally, medical errors are associated with an estimated $42 billion in costs to healthcare systems. A variety of errors in the delivery of healthcare have been identified by the World Health Organization and it is believed that about 50% of all errors are preventable. Initiatives to improve patient safety are now garnering increased attention across a range of countries in all regions of the world. From June 28--29, 2019, the first International Patient Safety Conference (IPSC) was held in Kathmandu, Nepal and attended by over 200 healthcare professionals as well as hospital, government, and non-governmental organization leaders. During the conference, presentations describing the experience with errors in healthcare and solutions to minimize future occurrence of adverse events were presented. Examples of systems implemented to prevent future errors in patient care were also described. A key outcome of this conference was the initiation of conversations and communication among important stakeholders for patient safety. In addition, attendees and dignitaries in attendance all reaffirmed their commitment to furthering actions in hospitals and other healthcare facilities that focus on reducing the risk of harm to patients who receive care in the Nepali healthcare system. This conference provides an important springboard for the development of patient-centered strategies to improve patient safety across a range of patient care environments in public and private sector healthcare institutions.

scholarly journals Conflict of Interest in Nutrition: Where’s the Power? Comment on "Towards Preventing and Managing Conflict of Interest in Nutrition Policy? An Analysis of Submissions to a Consultation on a Draft WHO Tool"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Harris ◽  
Nicholas Nisbett ◽  
Stuart Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
New World ◽  
World Health ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Power Needs ◽  
Private Actors

Actual or perceived conflict of interests (COIs) among public and private actors in the field of nutrition must be managed. Ralston et al expose sharply contrasting views on the new World Health Organization (WHO) COI management tool, highlighting the contested nature of global debates. Both the WHO COI tool and the Ralston et al paper are largely quiet on aspects of power among different actors, however, which we argue is integral to these conflicts. We suggest that power needs to be acknowledged as a factor in COI; that it needs to be systematically assessed in COI tools using approaches we outline here; and that it needs to be explicitly addressed through COI mechanisms. We would recommend that all actors in the nutrition space (not only private companies) are held to the same COI standards, and we would welcome further studies such as Ralston et al to further build accountability.

scholarly journals The use of surgical safety checklists during time-outs in rural and urban operating rooms

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vanessa Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Operating Room ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Operating Rooms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Organization

Operating rooms continue to be one of the most common locations for errors despite interventions aimed at reducing errors. Surgical safety checklists were introduced by the World Health Organization as a tool to improve patient safety. Operating room safety impacts both urban and rural operating rooms, and little research has been completed examining surgical safety in rural operating rooms. This study examined the use of checklists in surgery and compared the use of checklists in rural and urban operating rooms through a survey of operating room nurses. Seventy-seven rural and forty-seven urban nurses completed the survey. Time-outs were completed by almost all subjects but compliance was lower for verbal confirmation of agreement from team members and for the cessation of all other activities. Rural and urban respondents report using a checklist during the time-out. Checklist items most often included in the time-out include the patient's name, consent, site marking, and antibiotic administration. Checklist content were less likely to include team names, anticipated case duration, and surgeon's anticipated critical or non-routine steps. Urban nurses were significantly more likely to verify sterilization indicators. Barriers identified by urban subjects were checklist fatigue, anesthesia and surgeon resistance. Barriers reported by rural subjects were a lack of upper management support, lack of education, lack of monitoring, and practice variances between surgeons and organizations. This research shows that while checklist use has been adopted in many organizations, its use is lacking consistency across both settings and there is a need to understand variation in practice in order to develop effective strategies to improve utilization.

Metabolism-based Drug-drug Interactions in Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Review Focusing on Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 704-713
Author(s):  
Shadi Baniasadi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Endothelin Receptor ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are increasing in prevalence, as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with CRDs usually require co-administration of multiple drugs due to the complex pathogenic mechanisms of CRDs and the existence of concomitant diseases. Polypharmacy (co-administration of more than four medications) is the main risk factor of the occurrence of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that may lead to reducing treatment efficacy and/or increasing adverse effects. Methods: This literature-based review focuses on metabolism-based DDIs, the most prevalent DDIs responsible for difficulties in therapeutic management in patients with CRDs. Results: Clinically relevant metabolism-based DDIs occur between drugs used for the treatment of respiratory diseases (corticosteroids, orally inhaled bronchodilators, methylxanthines, anti-leukotrienes, antimicrobials, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, antitussives, and antineoplastic agents) and drugs affecting cytochrome P450 (CYP) (inducers and inhibitors). Considering alternative therapies, adjusting medication doses, or monitoring patients during treatment are recommended to prevent the harmful consequences of these interactions. Conclusion: Providing information on clinically relevant interactions of drugs more likely prescribed in daily practices of physicians is essential to improve patient safety. A list of known metabolism-based interactions of drugs affecting the respiratory systems should be available for physicians engaged in the treatment of CRDs.

A Novel Dual-Phase Activation-Dependent Foot-Switch Mechanism for Surgical Energy Devices as an Asset in Early Surgical Training: A Proof of Concept Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Abdalla Eisawi ◽  
Myat Aung ◽  
Ruben Canelo
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Training ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Medical Engineering ◽  
World Health ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Surgical Safety ◽  
Energy Devices ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Surgical Energy ◽  
Novice Surgeon

Introduction. Many processes exist that limit or eliminate the incidence of adverse events in general surgery including the World Health Organization safety checklist. Technology and device advancement has a potentially expanding role in the context of surgical safety. Materials and Methods. A dual controlled accessory electrical diathermy footswitch ( Permissive diathermy foot switch device or PDf) device concept was developed in an effort to improve patient safety in theatre and enhance opportunities in training. Electrical diathermy is only activated if the senior supervising surgeon and the novice surgeon simultaneously activate their interconnected footswitches. The activation of the PDf accessory footswitch device allows a senior surgeon to exert control on “initiation” of activation of diathermy devices operated by a novice surgeon ( foot on pedal) as well as when desiring to deactivate the device ( foot off pedal). Results. A process of designing and prototyping was initiated to define the purpose and the functionality of the PDf device up till the stage of a fully functioning prototype. The PDf device was constructed as a final working and tested prototype in association with the local medical engineering department at the Cumberland Infirmary in Carlisle. The device was on a nonbiological model to determine efficacy and safety and passed its laboratory testing phase and was deemed ready for clinical use. Conclusion. We demonstrated the feasibility and functionality of the PDf device and propose a positive role in surgical training in the context of early surgical training and specific circumstances where more control is needed.

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

Sixth Edition: the New Standard

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Robert D. Rondinelli ◽  
Elizabeth Genovese ◽  
Craig Uejo ◽  
Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Impairment Severity

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, was published in December 2007 and is the result of efforts to enhance the relevance of impairment ratings, improve internal consistency, promote precision, and simplify the rating process. The revision process was designed to address shortcomings and issues in previous editions and featured an open, well-defined, and tiered peer review process. The principles underlying the AMA Guides have not changed, but the sixth edition uses a modified conceptual framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), a comprehensive model of disablement developed by the World Health Organization. The ICF classifies domains that describe body functions and structures, activities, and participation; because an individual's functioning and disability occur in a context, the ICF includes a list of environmental factors to consider. The ICF classification uses five impairment classes that, in the sixth edition, were developed into diagnosis-based grids for each organ system. The grids use commonly accepted consensus-based criteria to classify most diagnoses into five classes of impairment severity (normal to very severe). A figure presents the structure of a typical diagnosis-based grid, which includes ranges of impairment ratings and greater clarity about choosing a discreet numerical value that reflects the impairment.

The Historical Development of Burden of Treatment Compliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Burden Of Treatment ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract A long-standing criticism of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) has been the inequity between the internal medicine ratings and the orthopedic ratings; in the comparison, internal medicine ratings appear inflated. A specific goal of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, was to diminish, where possible, those disparities. This led to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the World Health Organization in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, including the addition of the burden of treatment compliance (BOTC). The BOTC originally was intended to allow rating internal medicine conditions using the types and numbers of medications as a surrogate measure of the severity of a condition when other, more traditional methods, did not exist or were insufficient. Internal medicine relies on step-wise escalation of treatment, and BOTC usefully provides an estimate of impairment based on the need to be compliant with treatment. Simplistically, the need to take more medications may indicate a greater impairment burden. BOTC is introduced in the first chapter of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, which clarifies that “BOTC refers to the impairment that results from adhering to a complex regimen of medications, testing, and/or procedures to achieve an objective, measurable, clinical improvement that would not occur, or potentially could be reversed, in the absence of compliance.

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