scholarly journals Lack of Mutagenicity Potential of <i>Periploca sepium</i> Bge. in Bacterial Reverse Mutation (Ames) Test, Chromosomal Aberration and Micronucleus Test in Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e2012014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Shu Zhang ◽  
In-Seok Bang ◽  
Cheol Beom Park
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Periploca Sepium

scholarly journals In VitroandIn VivoGenotoxicity Assessment ofAristolochia manshuriensisKom.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Hwan Hwang ◽  
Taesoo Kim ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
Hye Jin Yang ◽  
Dong Hoon Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽  
Mutation Assay

Arisolochiae speciesplants containing aristolochic acids I and II (AA I and AA II) are well known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Recently, there are various approaches to use AAs-containing herbs after the removal of their toxic factors. However, there is little information about genotoxicity ofArisolochiae manshuriensisKom. (AMK)per se. To obtain safety information for AMK, its genotoxicity was evaluated in accordance with OECD guideline. To evaluate genotoxicity of AMK, we tested bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration test, and micronucleus test. Here, we also determined the amounts of AA I and II in AMK (2.85 ± 0.08 and 0.50 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, resp.). In bacterial reverse mutation assay, AMK dose-dependently increased revertant colony numbers in TA98, TA100 and TA1537 regardless of metabolic activation. AMK increased the incidence of chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, but there was no statistically significant difference. The incidences of micronucleus in bone marrow erythrocyte were significantly increased in mice after oral administration of AMK (5000 mg/kg), comparing with those of vehicle group (P<0.05). The results of three standard tests suggest that the genotoxicity of AMK is directly related to the AAs contents in AMK.

scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxicity of Ssanghwa-tang, an herbal formula, by using bacterial reverse mutation, chromosome aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Jang ◽  
Chang-Seob Seo ◽  
Mee-Young Lee ◽  
Hyeun-Kyoo Shin ◽  
Su-Cheol Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Reverse Mutation

Objectives: Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) is a traditional herbal formula comprising nine medicinal herbs, and it is used for reducing fatigue in Korea. SHT exerts various effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, and protection against acute hepatotoxicity. However, the genotoxicity of SHT has not yet been established.Methods: Ten components were identified in SHT water extract by using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. We assessed the genotoxicity of SHT by using bacterial reverse mutation (Ames test), chromosome aberration, and in vivo micronucleus tests.Results: The contents of paeoniflorin, glycyrrhizin, and liquiritin apioside in SHT were 15.57, 6.94, and 3.48 mg/g extract, respectively. SHT did not increase the revertant colonies of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli strains in the presence or absence of metabolic activity. Although SHT did not induce structurally abnormal chromosomes in Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells in the presence of metabolic activity, the number of structurally aberrated chromosomes increased dose-dependently in the absence of metabolic activity. In the in vivo micronucleus test, SHT did not affect the formation of micronuclei compared with the vehicle control.Conclusions: Genotoxicity of SHT was not observed in the Ames test and in vivo micronucleus test. However, based on the results of chromosome aberration test, it can be presumed that SHT has the potential to induce genotoxicity because it induced structurally abnormal chromosomes in the absence of metabolic activity.

Genotoxicity Studies on Sel-Plex®, a Standardized, Registered High-Selenium Yeast

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Griffiths ◽  
Ray A. Matulka ◽  
Ronan Power
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Selenium Yeast ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
High Selenium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Test

Selenium, recognized as an essential nutrient for human health, is a component of proteins and enzymes required for various biological functions and is currently being used as a feed supplement for livestock in geographical areas that are naturally low in selenium. Selenium is structurally similar to sulfur, replacing the sulfur atom in stoichiometric amounts and thus functions through an association with proteins, termed selenoproteins. In geographic areas low in selenium, there is the potential for animals (including humans) to become selenium deficient and this potential deficiency can be remedied by consumption of exogenous selenium, including selenium-enriched yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that contains high levels of organic selenium (e.g., selenized yeast). A unique, standardized, registered high selenium food-grade baker’s yeast ( S. cerevisiae; Sel-Plex®), was tested in the following battery of Genotoxicity assays; (1) a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test); (2) an in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test; and (3) a mouse micronucleus test. Under the conditions of this assay, Sel-Plex® showed no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium, in the bacterial reverse mutation test. Sel-Plex® did not induce significant chromosomal aberrations in cultured human lymphocytes in the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test. Sel-Plex® did not statistically increase the frequency or proportion of micronucleated immature erythrocytes in the mouse micronucleus test. Thus, from the studies presented here, the authors conclude that Sel-Plex® is nongenotoxic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mutagenicity, genotoxicity and chronic toxicity of antiviral drug imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid in in vitro and in vivo test systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-557
Author(s):  
E. A. Jain ◽  
D. Pleimes ◽  
A. A. Globenko
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Systemic Exposure

Introduction. The antiviral properties of imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid (IPA), the active compound of the drug product, has been proven in various experimental models. However, the literature data on the toxicological properties of IPA are limited.Purpose. To evaluate mutagenic and genotoxic properties in in vitro and in vivo models, as well as to study the toxicity of IPA following chronic oral administration to rats and dogs.Materials and methods. Mutagenic and genotoxic properties of IPA were assessed using the Ames test, the test of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes, and the micronucleus test in rats. The chronic toxicity of IPA was studied in Sprague Dawley rats and beagle dogs of both sexes, to which IPA was administered orally at doses of 30-300 mg/kg/day for 26 and 39 weeks, respectively.Results and discussion. In the Ames test, the addition of IPA up to the maximum dose (5000 mcg/plate) did not result in the increase in the number of revertant colonies. At a concentration of up to 5000 mcg/ml, IPA did not cause chromosomal aberrations in human leukocytes. At doses doses ≤ 2000 mg/kg, IPA did not increase the amount of micronuclei in the bone marrow of rats. In chronic experiments, animals tolerated the administration of IPA well: the dose without an observed effect (NOEL) for rats and dogs was 300 mg/kg/day.Conclusion. IPA did not show mutagenic and genotoxic properties in standard in vitro and in vivo tests. With chronic oral administration to rats and dogs, NOEL IPA equal to 300 mg/kg/day provided a systemic exposure that was 8-10 and 41-65 times higher than that in humans, respectively. The results obtained allow us to consider the safety profile of the prolonged use in humans as favorable.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity of octane and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Jin Kim ◽  
Kyung-Taek Rim ◽  
Hyeon-Yeong Kim ◽  
Jeong-Sun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Reverse Mutation

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of epigallocatechin gallate and its effect on the immune response in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Šmerák ◽  
H. Šestáková ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
R. Štětina ◽  
M. Langová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Antimutagenic Effect ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Green tea is the second-most consumed beverage in the world (water is the first one) and has been used medicinally for centuries in Indiaand China. The active substances in the green tea are polyphenols (catechins) and flavonols which possess a potent antioxidant activity. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is one of the four major green tea catechins. Using the Ames test, micronucleus test, comet assay, chemiluminescence test, and blastic transformation test, we examined the antimutagenic effects of chemoprotective substance epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in the pure form on the mutagenicity induced by three reference mutagens: aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] qui-noline (IQ), and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU), and the effect of EGCG on the immunosuppression caused by these mutagens. Using the Ames test the dose dependent antimutagenic activity of EGCG was proved against indirect mutagens AFB<sub>1</sub> and IQ, but not against the direct mutagen MNU. In the micronucleus test, EGCG had antimutagenic effect upon all three mutagens. EGCG decreased the level of DNA breaks induced by AFB<sub>1</sub> in bone marrow cells and colon epithelium, and the level of DNA breaks induced by MNU in colon cells to the level found in control. The reparatory effect of EGCG on immunosupression induced by all three carcinogenic compounds was proved using chemiluminescence and blastic trasformation tests. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Antimutagenic effect of resveratrol

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Langová ◽  
Z. Polívková ◽  
P. Šmerák ◽  
J. Bártová ◽  
I. Bárta
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antimutagenic Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Micronucleus Tests ◽  
Aflatoxin B

Evidence exists from population-based and laboratory studies that some phytochemicals have protective effects against tumors or other diseases and reveal antimutagenic activity. We studied the protective effect of the plant phytoallexin resveratrol on the mutagenic activity of three mutagens, i.e. aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]qui-noline (IQ) and N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) using the Ames and the micronucleus tests. In the Ames test, we proved a significant antimutagenic activity only against the indirect mutagens AFB<sub>1</sub> and IQ, not against the direct mutagen MNU. A significant decrease of mutagenicity of all three mutagens was detected by the micronucleus test. &nbsp;

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