scholarly journals In VitroandIn VivoGenotoxicity Assessment ofAristolochia manshuriensisKom.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Hwan Hwang ◽  
Taesoo Kim ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
Hye Jin Yang ◽  
Dong Hoon Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽  
Mutation Assay

Arisolochiae speciesplants containing aristolochic acids I and II (AA I and AA II) are well known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Recently, there are various approaches to use AAs-containing herbs after the removal of their toxic factors. However, there is little information about genotoxicity ofArisolochiae manshuriensisKom. (AMK)per se. To obtain safety information for AMK, its genotoxicity was evaluated in accordance with OECD guideline. To evaluate genotoxicity of AMK, we tested bacterial reverse mutation assay, chromosomal aberration test, and micronucleus test. Here, we also determined the amounts of AA I and II in AMK (2.85 ± 0.08 and 0.50 ± 0.02 mg/g extract, resp.). In bacterial reverse mutation assay, AMK dose-dependently increased revertant colony numbers in TA98, TA100 and TA1537 regardless of metabolic activation. AMK increased the incidence of chromosomal aberration in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells, but there was no statistically significant difference. The incidences of micronucleus in bone marrow erythrocyte were significantly increased in mice after oral administration of AMK (5000 mg/kg), comparing with those of vehicle group (P<0.05). The results of three standard tests suggest that the genotoxicity of AMK is directly related to the AAs contents in AMK.

Studies of the Toxicological Potential of Capsinoids: V. Genotoxicity Studies of Dihydrocapsiate

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce K. Bernard ◽  
Eri Watanabe ◽  
Terutaka Kodama ◽  
Shoji Tsubuku ◽  
Akira Otabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Gene Mutation Assay

A series of studies was performed to evaluate the safety of dihydrocapsiate (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl 8-methylnonanoate; CAS no. 205687-03-2). This study evaluated the potential genotoxicity of this compound using a variety of in vitro and in vivo test systems, including bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test, micronucleus test, gene mutation assay with transgenic rats, and single-cell gel (SCG) assay (Comet assay). In vitro tests (bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberration test) produced positive results in the absence of metabolic activation, but negative results in the presence of metabolic activation. The in vivo gene mutation assay (with transgenic rats) produced negative results, as did the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay, which failed to induce micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Although the rat SCG assay produced statistically significant increases in the Olive tail moment and % tail DNA of the liver and intestine in the 2000 mg/kg group (compared with the negative-control group), a number of factors caused the authors to question the validity of these findings. Taken together, these results suggest that dihydrocapsiate has a low or extremely low likelihood of inducing genotoxicity.

Evaluation of the Genotoxicity of Extracts of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 1019-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Keun Kang ◽  
Dae Sik Hah ◽  
Chung Hui Kim ◽  
Euikyung Kim ◽  
Jong Shu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Chromosome Aberration ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata Thunb ◽  
Mutation Assay

The present study was conducted to evaluate the activity of methanol extracts from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC) in a reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium, and a chromosome aberration assay in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line and to evaluate its effect on the occurrence of polychromatic erythrocytes in mice. In the reverse mutation assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2urvA-, methanol extracts of HC (5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.62, or 0.312 mg/plate) did not induce reverse mutations in the presence or absence of an S9 metabolic activation mixture. In the chromosome aberration test using CHO cells, methanol extracts (1.25, 2.5 or 5 μg/ml) caused a few incidences of structural and numerical aberrations, in both of absence or presence of an S9 metabolic activation mixture, but in comparison with the positive control group, these incidences were not significantly increased. In the mouse micronucleus test, no significant increases in the occurrence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were observed in male ICR mice that were orally administered methanol extracts of HC at doses of 2.0, 1.0, or 0.5 g/kg. From these results, we concluded that the methanol extracts of HC did not induce harmful effects on genes in bacteria, a mammalian cell system or in mouse bone marrow cells. Thus, HC's use for health promotion and/or a sick remedy for humans may be safe.

A Preliminary Study of the Micronucleus Test by Acridine Orange Fluorescent Staining Compared with Chromosomal Aberration Test Using Fish Erythropoietic and Embryonic Cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ueda ◽  
M. Hayashi ◽  
Y. Ohtsuka ◽  
T. Nakamura ◽  
J. Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration Test

The micronucleus test using fish peripheral blood has been introduced to assess the contamination of water with some mutagenic chemicals. The applicability of the micronucleus test erythrocytes combining acridine orange (AO) fluorescent staining to fish was evaluated as compared with the chromosomal aberration test method. Peripheral blood cells were smeared on glass slides, fixed with methanol, and stained with AO. AO fluorescence microscopy could differentiate between young and mature erythrocytes, thus only young erythrocytes could be observed. The sensitivity to detect the clastogenic effects of chemicals could be increased especially after acute treatment. Mitomycin C (MMC), a potent clastogen, was injected intraperitoneally to gold fishes and rose bitterlings at doses of 2, 4, 10, and 20 mg/kg. The mean frequencies of micronucleated young erythrocytes of three gold fishes peaked 3 days after treatment at 4 mg/kg body weight. Rose bitterlings showed maximum response of micronucleated young erythrocytes and chromosomal aberrations 2 days after treatment with 4 mg/kg of MMC. The cells from embryos of rose bitterlings and metropolitan bitterlings were used for the micronucleus and the chromosomal aberration test. The cultured cells established from fins of rose bitterlings were also used as materials of the chromosomal aberration.

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