scholarly journals Mutagenicity of octane and tetrasodium pyrophosphate in bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) test

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Jin Kim ◽  
Kyung-Taek Rim ◽  
Hyeon-Yeong Kim ◽  
Jeong-Sun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Reverse Mutation

scholarly journals Genotoxicity of triiodothyronine: Effects on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and human lymphocytes in vitro

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-397
Author(s):  
Jasna Bosnjak-Neumüller ◽  
Ninoslav Djelic ◽  
Milena Radakovic ◽  
Stoimir Kolarevic ◽  
Dragana Mitic-Culafic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Mutation Assay

There is increasing evidence that substances which are normally present in human or animal bodies may, under the certain circumstances, exhibit deleterious effects on genetic material, therefore acting as endogenous mutagenic agents. Since hormones represent one of the best studied endogenous mutagens, some research focused on the possible role of thyroid hormone in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Indeed, thyroid hormones accelerate aerobic metabolism and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, therefore, may exhibit mutagenic effects in various test systems on mammalian cells. However, possible mutagenic effects on prokaryotic DNA has not been investigated so far. Hence, the aim of this research was to compare the sensitivity of TA 100 Salmonella typhimurium with and without metabolic activation with S9 fraction, and human lymphocytes to possible genotoxic effects of triiodothyronine (T3). Therefore, we used the reverse mutation assay on S. typhimurium (Ames test) and in vitro Comet assay in isolated peripheral blood human lymphocytes. In both tests-systems a broad spectrum of T3 concentrations was applied. The obtained results showed absence of genotoxic effects of T3 in bacterial reverse mutation assay and very profound genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes at concentrations higher than 15 ?M. We only observed cytotoxic effects in bacterial system at very high T3 concentrations (300 and 500 ?M). In conclusion, T3 was unable to increase the level of reverse mutations in Ames test both with and without S9 mix. Therefore, it seems that ROS production in mitochondria may be the primary cause of DNA damage caused by T3 in mammalian cells.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity of Flavonoids Assayed by Bacterial Reverse Mutation (Ames) Test

Molecules ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 5255-5268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Aparecida Resende ◽  
Wagner Vilegas ◽  
Lourdes Campaner dos Santos ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Varanda
Keyword(s):  
Ames Test ◽  
Reverse Mutation

scholarly journals Effects of Flue-curing on Cigarette Smoke Condensates Mutagenicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
A Morin ◽  
N Poirier ◽  
D Prefontaine ◽  
M Lacasse
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Leaf Chemistry ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Condensate ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Reverse Mutation

AbstractFlue-curing is a post harvest conditioning process which strongly affects the tobacco leaf chemistry, and consequently the chemical properties of tobacco smoke. Several studies identified the major changes in tobacco chemistry occurring during flue-curing. It is not known how flue-curing contributes to changes in bioactivity of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). In this study, tobacco leaves collected throughout the twelve days of flue-curing were used to prepare cigarettes that were smoked to generate CSC samples. The assessment of mutagenicity was performed using the Bacterial Reverse Mutation / Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9 metabolic activation. CSC from cured leaves were significantly more mutagenic than CSC from uncured leaves. The number of revertants was positively influenced by the duration of the curing. The effect of the duration of curing on the number of revertants was more pronounced with increasing CSC concentration.

scholarly journals Statistical treatment of cytotoxicity in Ames bacterial reverse mutation assays can provide additional structure–activity relationship information

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 239784732091163
Author(s):  
Carr J Smith ◽  
Thomas A Perfetti
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Test Chemical ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Response

The bacterial reverse mutation assay, that is, the Ames test, measures mutations that reverse the inactivation of a gene involved in the synthesis of either histidine in Salmonella bacteria or tryptophan in Escherichia coli. The classic dose–response curve of an Ames assay plots number of reverse mutations (“revertants”) on the y-axis versus dose of the test chemical on the x-axis. Frequently, the dose–response curve resembles a parabola with a linear initial slope resulting from the accumulation of mutations, which transitions to a downward curvature resulting from cell killing (cytotoxicity) at increasingly higher doses of the test chemical. For regulatory purposes, a positive Ames test is usually considered as induction of twice the number of reverse mutations above background levels. For research purposes, the potency of the mutagenic response can be calculated from measuring the initial slope of the mutagenic response. This initial slope can be calculated in a manner that disentangles the downward pull on the initial slope value provided by the initiation of cytotoxicity. For a dose–response curve resembling a parabola, both the initial positive slope representing mutagenicity and the secondary negative slope representing cytotoxicity can be calculated from the same dose–response curve. The Ames test is the most commonly conducted genotoxicity assay. When a series of molecular congeners are assayed in the Ames test for mutagenicity, additional consideration of the cytotoxicity can provide important structure–activity relationship information.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity Assessment to Pesticide Adjuvants of Toluene, Chloroform and Trichloroethylene by Ames Test

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8095
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Wenqiang Wang ◽  
Zhoutao Pei ◽  
Jingya Wu ◽  
Ran Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Ames Test ◽  
General Term ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Reverse Mutation ◽  
Positive Effects

Pesticide adjuvants (PAs) denote the general term for auxiliaries in pesticide preparations except for the active components. Toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene are the three most commonly used PAs as organic solvents. The residues of the three chemicals in the process of production and application of pesticides may endanger the ecosystem. In the present study, the mutagenicity of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene as well the mixture of the three chemicals was tested by the Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test (Ames test) with TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA102 strains in the system with and without rat liver microsomal preparations (S9). The four tester strains have been used for more than 40 years to detect mutagenic compounds in chemicals, cosmetics, and environmental samples. The mutagenicity was detected on tester strains in the separated experiment from the three chemicals. The addition of S9 decreased the mutation ratios of toluene to four strains, except for the TA100 strain, but increased the mutation ratios of chloroform to four strains except for the TA98 strain. Trichloroethylene caused positive mutagenicity to become negative on the TA102 strain. In the mixed experiment, positive effects were detected only on the TA102 strain in the absence of S9. The addition of S9 increased the mutagenicity except for the TA102 strain. The mixture of toluene, chloroform, and trichloroethylene showed antagonism in mutagenicity to tester strains, except for the TA102 strain without S9. However, the mixture showed a synergistic effect to tester strains after adding S9 except for the TA98 strain.

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