POLISH RESEARCHERS’ THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO DISABILITY: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF DISABILITY STUDIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Joanna Głodkowska ◽  
Marta Pągowska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Methodological Pluralism ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Space ◽  
Research Orientations

The article presents Polish researchers' scientific approaches to the phenomenon of disability in a historical perspective and in view of modern interdisciplinary theoretical and empirical studies. Humanistic and social approaches to disability create a new, interdisciplinary cognitive space. Researchers highlight the strengths, potential and developmental power of people with disabilities more and more clearly. From this perspective, disability is not perceived as an individual problem only. It is becoming apparent that it is necessary to carry out detailed and multidimensional empirical investigations that take into consideration the social, cultural and political context of how people with disabilities live. The article looks at Polish researchers' achievements that fit in with the trend dating from the second half of the 20th century - Disability Studies. The authors review and analyze paradigms of disability to show positivist and humanistic research orientations, methodological pluralism and an interdisciplinary approach to the phenomenon of disability.

scholarly journals Evolución del concepto de discapacidad

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Karla Hernández-Ponce ◽  
Ulises Delgado-Sánchez ◽  
Fernanda Gabriela Martínez-Flores ◽  
María Araceli Ortiz-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Bibliographic Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Rehabilitation Model ◽  
Model Characteristic

This review aims to provide bibliographic information about the historical stages through which the concept of disability has gone through. Based on the investigations of the three most characteristic models, which throughout history have helped society as a frame of reference for the treatment of disability: the tragedy/charity model, characteristic of antiquity and the medieval era; the medical or rehabilitation model, typical of the first half of the 20th century; and the social model, which arises from the sixties of the last century and is currently trying to keep. This evolution has been presented as a consequence of the development that humanity has had, both in its ideas of perceiving people with disabilities, and in the interventions that have been substantially modified. Playing an important role traditions and beliefs, as well as the advancement of science in its different expressions.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF 20TH CENTURY HYDROELECTRIC PLANTS AS INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 685-692
Author(s):  
N. Kuban ◽  
İ. T. Güven ◽  
M. Pretelli
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> By rapidly increasing the production of energy and widely extending the usage of electricity in the 20th century, hydroelectric plants and dams have radically affected the social, technological and industrial aspects of the period. Therefore, as an integral part of industrial heritage, the cultural assets of these energy facilities are required to be preserved. As a requirement of this hypothesis, it is necessary: to develop management strategies for these assets; to provide scientific data and information on these buildings / facilities; to define criteria of ‘planned conservation’ with long-term preventive measures in order to provide the continuation of the original function as long as possible. Hydroelectric plants are a common subject of interest for several disciplines, such as: engineering, hydrology, ecology, geo-sciences and remote sensing. Therefore, the conservation of the plants also requires the interdisciplinary study and collaboration of these disciplines.</p><p>Within the study, the considerations of an interdisciplinary approach – such as dam safety, ecological concerns and energy requirements – are presented, and examples from different countries are examined through the framework of architectural conservation, considering cases of dam failures, intended removal of dams and upgrading of facilities. Preventive measures for the planned conservation of hydro electrical facilities such as: constant maintenance of technical components; management of the sediment accumulated in the reservoirs; methods of analysis for the structure of the embankment are introduced briefly, concentrating on gravity dams, in order to provide conclusions for the conservation of Sarıyar Dam and Hydroelectric Plant (1956) in Turkey.</p>

scholarly journals Edukacja a kompetencje cyfrowe seniora

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Orłowska ◽  
Krystyna M. Błeszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
The Social ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
Modern Technologies

The next decade was announced by WHO as the Decade of Healthy Aging. This is the answer to the social issue of highly developed countries, which is the aging of the society. In this context, there is the problem of active participation of seniors in social life, and especially the prevention of their social marginalization. Hence, projects that counteract exclusion and support active aging processes largely refer to modern technologies. Searching for answers to these questions and dilemmas, this text adopts an interdisciplinary approach, situating undertaken analyzes in the context of theories of aging, motivation as well as learning and using new technologies. The conclusions of the research undertaken – theoretical and empirical studies – undermine the hypothesis of digital exclusion of seniors perceived as the age group category. In the light of this research, it seems that education is the factor that influences the development of digital divide and digital inequalities within the community.

scholarly journals Education and digital competencies of elder adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Orłowska ◽  
Krystyna M. Błeszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theories Of Aging ◽  
The Social ◽  
Digital Exclusion ◽  
Elder Adults

The next decade was announced by WHO as the Decade of Healthy Aging. This is the answer to the social issue of highly developed countries, which is the aging of the society. In this context, there is the problem of active participation of seniors in social life, and especially the prevention of their social marginalization. Hence, projects that counteract exclusion and support active aging processes largely refer to modern technologies. Searching for answers to these questions and dilemmas, this text adopts an interdisciplinary approach, situating undertaken analyzes in the context of theories of aging, motivation as well as learning and using new technologies. The conclusions of the research undertaken – theoretical and empirical studies – undermine the hypothesis of digital exclusion of seniors perceived as the age group category. In the light of this research, it seems that education is the factor that influences the development of digital divide and digital inequalities within the community.

scholarly journals Civilizational Approach and the Need of Its Revision under the New Historical Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Rimma I. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
The Social

The article discusses the civilizational approach which was formed in the 20th century and has become one of the main research approaches both in Russia and in the Western countries. The author presents a brief overview of the main milestones in the development of civilizational theory and its main representatives in Russia and the West. It is shown that in Russia, the importance of the civilizational approach is caused by the “change of epochs” that occurred after the 1990s and demanded to consider the civilization principles in the social sciences and in the socio-political structure of the country. A brief description of the civilizational theory in the West, which has its own characteristics, not only demonstrates the universality of this scientific method but also reveals both its positive and negative aspects that were identified by the researchers. Although the Russian and Western scholars focus on the specifics of their own situations, they agree that in order to overcome the limitations of the civilizational approach, it is necessary to supplement it with other methods of scientific analysis. Since this article deals with the problems faced by Russia, the author presents the arguments of the Russian researchers, who suggest supplementing the civilizational analysis with the logic of sense, formations, geopolitical, ideological and worldview research approaches. It should be noted that the logic of sense approach is the latest achievement of the philosophical thought and a kind of scientific discovery (authored by A.V. Smirnov). It is concluded that all the supplementing methods find their meaning and place in relation to each other only within the framework of a holistic interdisciplinary approach, which provides a theoretical understanding of a larger set of problems that the country is facing today.

scholarly journals INDUSTRI KERAMIK TRADISIONAL CINA DI SAKKOK, SINGKAWANG 1933-2000

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Any Rahmayani
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Ceramics Industry

AbstrakPenelitian ini menyajikan tentang dinamika industri keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok, sebuah wilayah di Kota Singkawang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat sepanjang abad ke-20. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah keberadaan industri keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok yang sedang digarap sebagai aset ekonomi dan pariwisata bagi Singkawang. Permasalahan pokok yang dibahas adalah dinamika industri keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok, Singkawang dalam perspektif sejarah. Tujuan dari kajian ini yaitu menggambarkan tentang tradisi pembuatan keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok, menguraikan perintisan industri keramik tradisional Cina pada awal abad ke-20 dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi industri ini. Metode yang digunakan metode heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ciri tradisional keramik Cina yang terlihat pada bahan bakunya, peralatan proses proses pembentukan, penglasiran,dan pembakaran, motif dan desain, serta alat pembakaran yang disebut tungku naga. Perubahan yang terkait dengan ketersediaan bahan baku, bahan penunjang dan teknik pembakaran serta kondisi sosial politik membawa dampak bagi keberlangsungan industri keramik tradisional Cina dari Singkawang ini.AbstractThis study presents the dynamics of traditional Chinese ceramics industry in Sakkok, Singkawang, in the Province of West Kalimantan during the 20th century. The background of this research is the existence of traditional Chinese ceramics industry in Sakkok which is being worked on as an economic and tourism asset for Singkawang. The main problem for this study is the historical perspective of the dynamics of traditional Chinese ceramics industry in Sakkok. The purpose of this study is describing the tradition of producing traditionalChinese ceramics in Sakkok, outlining pioneering in the industry in the early 20th century, and explaining the factors affecting it. The author used heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results showed that the characteristics of traditional Chinese ceramics are depicted in the raw materials, equipment, processes of formation, glazing, and burning, motifs and designs, as well as burning tool called dragon furnace. Changes related to the availability of raw and auxiliary materials, burning techniques as well as the social and political conditions have impact on the sustainability of traditional Chinese ceramic industry in Singkawang.

scholarly journals Disability Studies wobec natury postaw dyskryminujących

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Marcin Wlazło
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Disability Studies ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social

With the development of disability studies the awareness of “false universalization of disability” increased. It was realized that both theoretical and practical abuse is to treat disability as the main and even the only factor that binds the environment of people with disabilities. The configurations of the aspects of oppression and discriminatory attitudes have been in fact much more complex and elaborate than it was originally thought according to the promotion of the social model of disability. The article addresses the problem of multiplicity and simultaneous oppression, in which disability co-exists among other factors, considering gender, race or age of human as no less important factors of marginalization, violation of law and social exclusion.

scholarly journals Exploring the pathways: Regulatory experiments for sustainable development – An interdisciplinary approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierk Bauknecht ◽  
Thore Sören Bischoff ◽  
Kilian Bizer ◽  
Martin Führ ◽  
Peter Gailhofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Learning System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Block Based

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by the United Nations provide normative orientation for many national and regional governments as well as actors from industry and other parts of the civil society. There is a growing consensus that the corresponding transformation processes needed – e.g., in the field of production and consumption patterns (SDG 12) – have to be fostered by a corresponding institutional framework. Properly designed experiments that generate a learning system for all actors involved may be an important building block. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, we provide an overview of the various terminologies for experimentation currently discussed in the social sciences, derive common criteria for a broader approach to the concept of “regulatory experimentation” in reflexive governance structures and present a novel conceptual framework for analysing empirical studies of regulatory experiments.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

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