scholarly journals Anatomical-morphological changes in Glyceria aquatica (L.) Wahlb. and Phalaris arundinacea L. growing in the zone inundated by the Kwiecko lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz R. Śpiewakowski ◽  
Maria Wielicka ◽  
Józef Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Lower Reservoir ◽  
Air Channels

Morphological-anatomical changes are described in the shoots of <em>Glyceria aquatica</em> and <em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>. These grasses encroach upon the zone inundated by the lake Kwiecko which is the lower reservoir of the Hydroelectric Plant Żydowo. The interaction of habitat and anthropogenic factors causes disturbances in the physiology of reproduction in the above mentioned plants and produces changes in their external and internal structure. Both species form in the zone inundated by the lake vegetative shoots exclusively, with profuse aerial tillering at the apical meristems. The morphological changes consist in shortening of the shoots and multiplication of the internodes. In the internal structure a narrowing of the ring of sclerenchyma, a shift of the vascular bundles into the sclerenchyma and an increase of its layer and air channels are observed.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar luteum (L.) Sm. caused by oscillations of the water level in lakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz R. Śpiewakowski ◽  
Józef Piasecki ◽  
Maria Wielicka
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Nymphaea Alba ◽  
Turbulent Water ◽  
Maximum Retention

In this study we present morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of <em>Nymphaea alba</em> and <em>Nuphar luteum</em> from two lakes greatly differing from each other in respect to the oscillation of their water level (Lake Salno -a stabilized natural reservoir, used for comparison; Lake Kwiecko -a natural reservoir for the Hydroelectric Plant in Żydowo, where the changes in the water level oscillate up to 3.1 m during a day under conditions of maximum retention). Nonrhytmic and turbulent water flows in Lake Kwiecko cause the elongation of petioles, a decrease in their diameter, and to a significant degree, the reduction of supporting elements - collenchyma, vascular bundles and idioblasts. These changes take place to a lesser extent in <em>Numphar luteum</em>. Although this species has a very wide ecological amplitude and does not need to adapt to changing habitat conditions, through anatomical modifications the oscillations in the water level have an unfavorable effect on its population in Lake Quick.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Non-Traumatic Canalicular Peripheral Neuropathy of the Arm

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
F.A. Lupo ◽  
A. Paladini
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Nerve Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
The Cost

The term canalicular neuropathy is applied to nerve lesions arising on nerve segments passing through the osteofibrous canals or other narrow orifices and resulting in nerve compression and entrapment. We studied 31 patients referred to us for non-traumatic canalicular syndromes in the upper limbs. After clinical, electrophysiological and morphological analysis of each case, we emphasize the role of MR imaging in establishing prognosis and selecting treatment. Anatomosurgical specimens correlated well with MR features, whereas there was little correlation between electrophysiological severity and anatomical changes. In summary, canalicular neuropathy is a clinical syndrome. The aim of MR investigation is to document the morphological changes which will serve to institute appropriate treatment. When patients have clinical and electrophysiological evidence of neuropathy without MR demonstration of the nerve lesion, therapy will be conservative, thus saving the cost and risk of surgery. On the other hand, when clinical and electrophysiological findings are flanked by MR demonstration of the neuropathy, the disease is known to be advanced and surgery will be indicated to prevent neurotmesis.

Salt-induced changes in the vegetative anatomy of Prosopis strombulifera (Leguminosae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herminda Reinoso ◽  
Laura Sosa ◽  
Lucía Ramírez ◽  
Virginia Luna
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Early Activity

Seedlings of Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. were grown hydroponically in Hoagland's solution with addition of 25 mmol/L NaCl every 48 h until final salt concentrations of 250, 500, and 700 mmol/L were reached. Control plants were grown without salt. Salinity induced anatomical changes in roots (young and mature zones), hypocotyls, young stems, and leaflets. The diameters of the young zone of roots of plants grown in increasing salt concentrations were smaller than those of controls, with reduced number of cortex layers and reduced size of the vascular system. The roots from tolerant plants showed precocious suberization and (or) lignification of the endodermal cells and early activity of the pericycle. Hypocotyl diameter was reduced along with a reduction in secondary phloem. Roots and hypocotyls showed abundant phellem formation. The stem diameter of young tolerant plants was notably diminished and less tissue lignification occurred. In stems and leaflets of treated plants, NaCl stimulated the production of tannins. In the leaflets, vascular bundles were similar in size. Groups of elongated parenchyma cells with many chloro plasts surrounded the bundles. These results suggest that in the absence of secretory organs, the anatomical modifications in this species are related to metabolic adaptations, such as an early development of the endodermal barrier for ion exclusion, to allow survival in high salinity.Key words: Prosopis strombulifera, anatomical changes, hydroponics, NaCl.

scholarly journals Effects of Zn and Cd accumulation on structural and physiological characteristics of barley plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji B. Maruthi Sridhar ◽  
Fengxiang X. Han ◽  
Susan V. Diehl ◽  
David L. Monts ◽  
Yi Su
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
High Concentrations

The objectives of this study were to identify the structural changes caused by Zn and Cd accumulation in shoots and roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants; and to correlate metal accumulation with anatomical, physiological and morphological changes. Potted plants were exposed to metal treatments of Zn and Cd for 19 and 16 d respectively. Leaves, stems and roots were harvested to identify structural changes and analyze metal accumulation. Barley effectively accumulated Zn (up to 11283 mg kg-1) and Cd (up to 584 mg kg-1) in the shoots. Microscopic structural changes, such as a decrease in intercellular spaces, breakdown of vascular bundles, and shrinkage of palisade and epidermal cells, occurred in leaves, stems and roots of plants treated with high concentrations of Zn. Zinc accumulation also resulted in a significant decrease in water content, fresh weight, dry weight and plant height. Cadmium only caused structural changes in roots at the higher concentrations. Barley plants were able to accumulate significant amounts of Zn and Cd without exhibiting symptoms of phytotoxicity when the metal concentrations were relatively low.

scholarly journals Vegetative anatomy of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Balanophoraceae) and the effect of its parasitism in the anatomy of the roots of its host Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María González ◽  
Héctor A. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Secondary System ◽  
Vegetative Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Xylem Transport ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Axial Growth

The objectives of this work were to study the structure of the vegetative body of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Wedd.) B. Hansen, to analyze the change on roots of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul when they are infected by this parasitic plant, and to identify the anatomical changes produced by that parasitism. L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum plants are formed by a spheroidal-narrower underground vegetative body or tuber, that externally has a dark warty surface;epidermis, stomata or trichomes are lacking. The central matrix of tuber consists of reserving parenchyma and vascular bundles. Parasitic cells located at the level of root cambium initiate the tuber formation. On the infected root of A. colubrina var.cebil, the identity of radial and axial growth of the secondary system are lost. This leads to the formation of xylem loops that affect the xylem transport and root development, which stops length growth and develops a woody gall. Infection of L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum causes profound anatomical changes in timber developing of A. colubrina var. cebil, which favor the parasite success.

Modelling the Effect of the Hydroelectric Pumped Storage Plant on Hydrodynamic Regime of the Kaunas Reservoir In Lithuania

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunonas Gailiusis ◽  
Jurate Kriauciuniene ◽  
Erika Rimaviciute
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Simultaneous Operation ◽  
Lower Reservoir ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
The Impact

The Kaunas Reservoir was formed during construction of the Kaunas Hydroelectric Plant (Kaunas HP) on the Nemunas River in 1960. Since 1992 it has also been serving as a lower reservoir for the Kruonis Hydroelectric Pumped-Storage Plant (Kruonis HPP), which currently has four generating units with 200 MW of installed capacity each. There are plans to increase the capacity of this power plant by constructing additional four generating units. Operation of the Kruonis HPP is already changing the hydrophysical regime (water levels and flow velocities) of the Kaunas Reservoir and new units can seriously aggravate the situation by inducing bottom erosion. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal number of generating units so that the impact of the Kruonis HPP on the hydrophysical regime of the reservoir would be acceptable. The hydrodynamic model MIKE 21 was used to calculate the flow velocity and water level fluctuation in the Kaunas reservoir for different number of the Kruonis HPP generating units. The Kaunas HP was considered as operating with minimal load or under conditions equivalent to a big flood (2,000 m3/s). The modelling results indicate that the impact of four units is acceptable while simultaneous operation of the eight units at Kruonis HPP would not be desirable.

Cellular differentiation in small clumps of Lotus corniculatus callus

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J. Howarth ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
D. T. Tomes
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Suberin Lamellae ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Physiological Isolation

Lotus callus cultures were studied in an attempt to determine, at the cellular and subcellular levels, what morphological changes precede and accompany differentiation. Small clumps of homogenized callus were plated onto a medium containing benzyladenine, which was known to induce differentiation in this system. Initially callus was yellowish and consisted of large, vacuolated cells with deposits of starch. Marked changes occurred in these cells; peripheral and endogenous meristematic areas were initiated giving rise to shoots and either groups of tracheary elements or roots, respectively. Roots developed within 5 day s, while shoot apical meristems with leaf primordia formed by day 9. Many of the cells surrounding meristematic areas developed suberin lamellae in their walls, while others, both within and on the periphery of meristematic areas, accumulated phenolic substances. Cells within meristematic areas had large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, plastids with thylakoids but little or no starch, many mitochondria, and dictyosomes. Morphological observations tend to support the view that physiological isolation of tissue may precede differentiation.

Physiological and morphological responses of the rat kidney to reduced dietary protein

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. F31-F42
Author(s):  
B. Schmidt-Nielsen ◽  
J. M. Barrett ◽  
B. Graves ◽  
B. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Additional Group

Renal physiological and morphological adjustments to a reduced protein diet were studied in young Munich-Wistar rats. Two groups of animals were used for the correlative physiological-morphological studies: normal protein (NP, 24% dietary protein) rats and reduced protein (LP, 8% dietary protein) rats. Both groups were fed their respective diets for 4-5 wk and had free access to drinking water. Physiological measurements of GFR and urea clearance were made on five animals from each group. These data showed that the changes in renal function specifically and almost exclusively affected the handling of urea. There was no difference in GFR between the NP and LP rats. Urea clearance was substantially reduced in LP rats. Morphological analyses were made on perfusion-fixed kidneys of five animals from each group. Selected slices were examined and photographed by light and electron microscopy. These data showed no difference in size and number of elements within the vascular bundles but showed significantly smaller lumina of the thin limbs of the short-looped nephrons and a significant thinning of the wall of the thin descending limbs of the long-looped nephrons. These morphological changes may in part be responsible for the observed physiological adjustments to a reduced protein diet. An additional group of rats (6 NP and 5 LP, all dehydrated) were analyzed for distribution of solutes within the inner medulla. The data showed that the concentration of urea, but not that of Na+, was reduced at the papillary tip in LP rats.

scholarly journals Anatomical changes on coffee leaves infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues ◽  
Rachel Benetti Queiroz-Voltan ◽  
Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Colonization Period

ABSTRACTAlthough poorly studied, the bacterial halo blight is an important disease in the major coffee-producing states of Brazil. External damage and anatomical changes on leaves were measured in seedlings of Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo, susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, by using histological sections obtained at 10 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI). The changes on the epidermis were smaller than the lesions measured in the mesophyll, irrespective of the evaluated colonization period, showing that the internal damage caused by the bacterium represent twice the damage observed externally. From the inoculation site, lysis occurred on the epidermal cells and on the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, with strong staining of their cellular contents, as well as abnormal intercellular spaces in the palisade parenchyma, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesophyll cells and partial destruction of chloroplasts. Additionally, this study revealed the presence of inclusion bodies in epidermal and mesophyll cells. Bacterial masses were found in the apoplast between and within mesophyll cells. Bacteria were also observed in the bundle sheath and vascular bundles and were more pronounced at 20 DAI, not only near the inoculation site but also in distant areas, suggesting displacement through the vascular system. These results can be useful to understand this plant-pathogen interaction.

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