scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar luteum (L.) Sm. caused by oscillations of the water level in lakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz R. Śpiewakowski ◽  
Józef Piasecki ◽  
Maria Wielicka
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Nymphaea Alba ◽  
Turbulent Water ◽  
Maximum Retention

In this study we present morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of <em>Nymphaea alba</em> and <em>Nuphar luteum</em> from two lakes greatly differing from each other in respect to the oscillation of their water level (Lake Salno -a stabilized natural reservoir, used for comparison; Lake Kwiecko -a natural reservoir for the Hydroelectric Plant in Żydowo, where the changes in the water level oscillate up to 3.1 m during a day under conditions of maximum retention). Nonrhytmic and turbulent water flows in Lake Kwiecko cause the elongation of petioles, a decrease in their diameter, and to a significant degree, the reduction of supporting elements - collenchyma, vascular bundles and idioblasts. These changes take place to a lesser extent in <em>Numphar luteum</em>. Although this species has a very wide ecological amplitude and does not need to adapt to changing habitat conditions, through anatomical modifications the oscillations in the water level have an unfavorable effect on its population in Lake Quick.

scholarly journals Anatomical-morphological changes in Glyceria aquatica (L.) Wahlb. and Phalaris arundinacea L. growing in the zone inundated by the Kwiecko lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz R. Śpiewakowski ◽  
Maria Wielicka ◽  
Józef Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Lower Reservoir ◽  
Air Channels

Morphological-anatomical changes are described in the shoots of <em>Glyceria aquatica</em> and <em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>. These grasses encroach upon the zone inundated by the lake Kwiecko which is the lower reservoir of the Hydroelectric Plant Żydowo. The interaction of habitat and anthropogenic factors causes disturbances in the physiology of reproduction in the above mentioned plants and produces changes in their external and internal structure. Both species form in the zone inundated by the lake vegetative shoots exclusively, with profuse aerial tillering at the apical meristems. The morphological changes consist in shortening of the shoots and multiplication of the internodes. In the internal structure a narrowing of the ring of sclerenchyma, a shift of the vascular bundles into the sclerenchyma and an increase of its layer and air channels are observed.

Bat activity over calm and turbulent water

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix von Frenckell ◽  
Robert M. R. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Prey Abundance ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Insect Abundance ◽  
Echolocation Calls ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Little Brown Bat ◽  
Turbulent Water

A comparison of the activity of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) over calm pools and fast-flowing riffles was performed in southwestern Alberta. Bat activity was assessed by monitoring echolocation calls using ultrasonic detectors. Activity was higher over pools than riffles. This could be due to differences in prey abundance or accessibility in the two habitats. Alternatively, water noise at turbulent sites may interfere with the bats' echolocation abilities. Sticky traps were used to assess prey abundance, and water noise was recorded for intensity–frequency analysis. Insect abundance at the height where the bats flew (< 1 m above the water) did not differ between sites, but insects close to or at water level at calm pools may be more accessible than at fast-flowing riffles. Further, water noise at riffles may decrease the efficiency with which bats detect targets.

Salt-induced changes in the vegetative anatomy of Prosopis strombulifera (Leguminosae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herminda Reinoso ◽  
Laura Sosa ◽  
Lucía Ramírez ◽  
Virginia Luna
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Early Activity

Seedlings of Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. were grown hydroponically in Hoagland's solution with addition of 25 mmol/L NaCl every 48 h until final salt concentrations of 250, 500, and 700 mmol/L were reached. Control plants were grown without salt. Salinity induced anatomical changes in roots (young and mature zones), hypocotyls, young stems, and leaflets. The diameters of the young zone of roots of plants grown in increasing salt concentrations were smaller than those of controls, with reduced number of cortex layers and reduced size of the vascular system. The roots from tolerant plants showed precocious suberization and (or) lignification of the endodermal cells and early activity of the pericycle. Hypocotyl diameter was reduced along with a reduction in secondary phloem. Roots and hypocotyls showed abundant phellem formation. The stem diameter of young tolerant plants was notably diminished and less tissue lignification occurred. In stems and leaflets of treated plants, NaCl stimulated the production of tannins. In the leaflets, vascular bundles were similar in size. Groups of elongated parenchyma cells with many chloro plasts surrounded the bundles. These results suggest that in the absence of secretory organs, the anatomical modifications in this species are related to metabolic adaptations, such as an early development of the endodermal barrier for ion exclusion, to allow survival in high salinity.Key words: Prosopis strombulifera, anatomical changes, hydroponics, NaCl.

scholarly journals Auditory ossicles in ScanningElectron Microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiatr ◽  
Jacek Składzień ◽  
Maciej Wiatr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Ossicular Chain ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Auditory Ossicles ◽  
Scanning Electron

<b>Introduction: </b>Knowledge about the physiology of a healthy middle ear is essential for understanding the activity and mechanics of the ear as well as the basics of ossiculoplasty. Trauma of the epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity as well as the ossicular chain may be the result of chronic inflammation and surgery. Depending on the observed changes of the middle ear lining, there are several types of distinguished chronic inflammatory changes: simple, with cholesteatoma, with the formation of inflammatory granulation tissue, in course of specific diseases. <br><b>Purpose: </b>The aim of the article is presentation of the microstructure and vasculature of the ossicular chain in the Scanning Electron Microscope. Particular attention is drawn to the anatomical aspects of the structure and connections of auditory ossicles as vital elements for reconstruction of the conduction system of the middle ear. <br><b>Material and method: </b>The analysis covered auditory ossicles standardly removed in accordance with the methodology of the investigated surgical procedures. The preparations were evaluated in a scanning electron microscope. <br><b>Results: </b>The exposure of bone surface promotes deep erosion. The advanced process of destruction of bone surface in the case of chronic otitis media correlates with a significant degree of damage to both the lining covering the auditory ossicles and that surrounding articular surfaces. <br><b>Conclusions: </b>(1) The ossicles in the image of the Scanning Electron Microscope are covered with lining. It passes from the surface of the ossicles to the vascular bundles, forming vascular sheaths; (2) Damage to lining continuity on the surface of the auditory ossicles promotes the rapid destruction of bone tissue in the inflammatory process; (3) The dimensions of the individual ossicles are respectively: malleus – 8.36 +/- 0.01, incus – 8.14 +/- 0.0, stapes – 3.23 +/- 0.01 mm. Behavior of the anatomical length of ossicular chain during tympanoplasty appears to be essential to maintaining adequate vibration amplitude of the conductive system of the middle ear.

scholarly journals Vegetative anatomy of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Balanophoraceae) and the effect of its parasitism in the anatomy of the roots of its host Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María González ◽  
Héctor A. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Secondary System ◽  
Vegetative Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Xylem Transport ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Axial Growth

The objectives of this work were to study the structure of the vegetative body of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Wedd.) B. Hansen, to analyze the change on roots of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul when they are infected by this parasitic plant, and to identify the anatomical changes produced by that parasitism. L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum plants are formed by a spheroidal-narrower underground vegetative body or tuber, that externally has a dark warty surface;epidermis, stomata or trichomes are lacking. The central matrix of tuber consists of reserving parenchyma and vascular bundles. Parasitic cells located at the level of root cambium initiate the tuber formation. On the infected root of A. colubrina var.cebil, the identity of radial and axial growth of the secondary system are lost. This leads to the formation of xylem loops that affect the xylem transport and root development, which stops length growth and develops a woody gall. Infection of L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum causes profound anatomical changes in timber developing of A. colubrina var. cebil, which favor the parasite success.

scholarly journals Anatomical changes on coffee leaves infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues ◽  
Rachel Benetti Queiroz-Voltan ◽  
Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Colonization Period

ABSTRACTAlthough poorly studied, the bacterial halo blight is an important disease in the major coffee-producing states of Brazil. External damage and anatomical changes on leaves were measured in seedlings of Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo, susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, by using histological sections obtained at 10 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI). The changes on the epidermis were smaller than the lesions measured in the mesophyll, irrespective of the evaluated colonization period, showing that the internal damage caused by the bacterium represent twice the damage observed externally. From the inoculation site, lysis occurred on the epidermal cells and on the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, with strong staining of their cellular contents, as well as abnormal intercellular spaces in the palisade parenchyma, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesophyll cells and partial destruction of chloroplasts. Additionally, this study revealed the presence of inclusion bodies in epidermal and mesophyll cells. Bacterial masses were found in the apoplast between and within mesophyll cells. Bacteria were also observed in the bundle sheath and vascular bundles and were more pronounced at 20 DAI, not only near the inoculation site but also in distant areas, suggesting displacement through the vascular system. These results can be useful to understand this plant-pathogen interaction.

Anatomical changes induced by triazoles in wheat seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gao ◽  
G. Hofstra ◽  
R. A. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Stimulation Of

The triazoles triadimefon and S-3307, applied as seed treatments at two concentrations each (0.1 and 1.0, and 0.001 and 0.01 g active ingredient/kg of seed, respectively), increased epicuticular wax and reduced the length but increased the width and thickness of wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Glenlea). Mesophyll cells of treated leaves were thicker than those of controls and there were more layers of cells around the median and lateral vascular bundles of leaves treated with the higher concentration of S-3307. The length of epidermal cells was reduced and the width was increased by both triazoles; the depth of epidermal cells was increased by the higher concentration of triadimefon only. S-3307 increased the number of vascular bundles, whereas triadimefon at the higher concentration increased their diameter. Both concentrations of S-3307 reduced the length of trichomes. The two triazoles increased chloroplast size along both the long and short axes. Compared with those of controls, the stomata in the triadimefon-treated leaves were constricted and sunken, whereas in S-3307 treated leaves the subsidiary cells were wider. The effects of the triazoles observed in this study may account in part for several plant growth regulatory activities reported earlier, including growth retardation, stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis, and protection against injury from water stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Captivity on the Morphology of the Insertion Sites of the Palmar Radiocarpal Ligaments in Hominoid Primates

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Aroa Casado ◽  
Yasmina Avià ◽  
Miquel Llorente ◽  
David Riba ◽  
Juan Francisco Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Insertion Sites ◽  
The Impact

The environmental conditions of captive hominoid primates can lead to modifications in several aspects of their behavior, including locomotion, which can then alter the morphological characteristics of certain anatomical regions, such as the knee or wrist. We have performed tridimensional geometric morphometrics (3D GM) analyses of the distal radial epiphysis in wild and captive gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans. Our objective was to study the morphology of the insertion sites of the palmar radiocarpal ligaments, since the anatomical characteristics of these insertion sites are closely related to the different types of locomotion of these hominoid primates. We have identified significant differences between the wild and captive specimens that are likely related to their different types of locomotion. Our results indicate that the habitat conditions of captive hominoid primates may cause them to modify their locomotor behavior, leading to a greater use of certain movements in captivity than in the wild and resulting in the anatomical changes we have observed. We suggest that creating more natural environments in zoological facilities could reduce the impact of these differences and also increase the well-being of primates raised in captive environments.

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