scholarly journals Vegetative anatomy of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Balanophoraceae) and the effect of its parasitism in the anatomy of the roots of its host Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María González ◽  
Héctor A. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Parasitic Plant ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Secondary System ◽  
Vegetative Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Xylem Transport ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Axial Growth

The objectives of this work were to study the structure of the vegetative body of Lophophytum mirabile subsp. bolivianum (Wedd.) B. Hansen, to analyze the change on roots of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Griseb.) Altschul when they are infected by this parasitic plant, and to identify the anatomical changes produced by that parasitism. L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum plants are formed by a spheroidal-narrower underground vegetative body or tuber, that externally has a dark warty surface;epidermis, stomata or trichomes are lacking. The central matrix of tuber consists of reserving parenchyma and vascular bundles. Parasitic cells located at the level of root cambium initiate the tuber formation. On the infected root of A. colubrina var.cebil, the identity of radial and axial growth of the secondary system are lost. This leads to the formation of xylem loops that affect the xylem transport and root development, which stops length growth and develops a woody gall. Infection of L. mirabile subsp. bolivianum causes profound anatomical changes in timber developing of A. colubrina var. cebil, which favor the parasite success.

Salt-induced changes in the vegetative anatomy of Prosopis strombulifera (Leguminosae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herminda Reinoso ◽  
Laura Sosa ◽  
Lucía Ramírez ◽  
Virginia Luna
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Tolerant Plants ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Early Activity

Seedlings of Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. were grown hydroponically in Hoagland's solution with addition of 25 mmol/L NaCl every 48 h until final salt concentrations of 250, 500, and 700 mmol/L were reached. Control plants were grown without salt. Salinity induced anatomical changes in roots (young and mature zones), hypocotyls, young stems, and leaflets. The diameters of the young zone of roots of plants grown in increasing salt concentrations were smaller than those of controls, with reduced number of cortex layers and reduced size of the vascular system. The roots from tolerant plants showed precocious suberization and (or) lignification of the endodermal cells and early activity of the pericycle. Hypocotyl diameter was reduced along with a reduction in secondary phloem. Roots and hypocotyls showed abundant phellem formation. The stem diameter of young tolerant plants was notably diminished and less tissue lignification occurred. In stems and leaflets of treated plants, NaCl stimulated the production of tannins. In the leaflets, vascular bundles were similar in size. Groups of elongated parenchyma cells with many chloro plasts surrounded the bundles. These results suggest that in the absence of secretory organs, the anatomical modifications in this species are related to metabolic adaptations, such as an early development of the endodermal barrier for ion exclusion, to allow survival in high salinity.Key words: Prosopis strombulifera, anatomical changes, hydroponics, NaCl.

scholarly journals Anatomical changes on coffee leaves infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues ◽  
Rachel Benetti Queiroz-Voltan ◽  
Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Halo Blight ◽  
Inoculation Site ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Colonization Period

ABSTRACTAlthough poorly studied, the bacterial halo blight is an important disease in the major coffee-producing states of Brazil. External damage and anatomical changes on leaves were measured in seedlings of Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo, susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, by using histological sections obtained at 10 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI). The changes on the epidermis were smaller than the lesions measured in the mesophyll, irrespective of the evaluated colonization period, showing that the internal damage caused by the bacterium represent twice the damage observed externally. From the inoculation site, lysis occurred on the epidermal cells and on the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, with strong staining of their cellular contents, as well as abnormal intercellular spaces in the palisade parenchyma, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesophyll cells and partial destruction of chloroplasts. Additionally, this study revealed the presence of inclusion bodies in epidermal and mesophyll cells. Bacterial masses were found in the apoplast between and within mesophyll cells. Bacteria were also observed in the bundle sheath and vascular bundles and were more pronounced at 20 DAI, not only near the inoculation site but also in distant areas, suggesting displacement through the vascular system. These results can be useful to understand this plant-pathogen interaction.

The extraction of photosynthate high in [11C]sucrose and its translocation in sunflower stems

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Hayden ◽  
D. S. Fensom ◽  
R. G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Half Life ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Phloem Transport ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Xylem Transport ◽  
Phloem Translocation ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
The Individual

A technique has been developed to biosynthesize a water-soluble extract of 11C-labelled photosynthate high in [11C]sucrose. The extract can be produced in less than 1 half-life (20 min) and is of high activity. When 11C-labelled extract was fed to the individual vascular bundles of other living plants, 11C was taken up and translocated, and on the basis of direct and indirect evidence it was largely in the form of [11C]sucrose.11C-labelled extract, if fed to a flap or gentle scraping on the surface of a sunflower stem (or corn, cow-parsnip, pine, or elm) was translocated both apically and basally from the feed point. Incisions into xylem vessels produced very rapid tracer movements which seemed to be associated with xylem vessel liquid cavitation and also transpiration pull. Shallower cuts produced translocation patterns similar to 11CO2 leaf feedings and are thought to be largely in the phloem. Phloem transport was blocked by ice chilling; xylem transport was only slightly affected by ice, if at all. Phloem translocation profiles often displayed steps at the front of mass flow, and later appeared to have peaks of activity moving along them. The movements were sometimes rapid (>6 cm min−1) and appeared to be complex, as if different channels were conducting at different speeds in parallel.

Regenerative Endodontics

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Feigin ◽  
Bonnie Shope
Keyword(s):  
Patient Selection ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Regenerative Endodontics ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Canal Systems ◽  
Infected Root Canal

Regenerative endodontics has been defined as “biologically based procedure designed to replace damaged structures, including dentin and root structures, as well as cells of the pulp–dentin complex.” This is an exciting and rapidly evolving field of human endodontics for the treatment of immature permanent teeth with infected root canal systems. These procedures have shown to be able not only to resolve pain and apical periodontitis but continued root development, thus increasing the thickness and strength of the previously thin and fracture-prone roots. In the last decade, over 80 case reports, numerous animal studies, and series of regenerative endodontic cases have been published. However, even with multiple successful case reports, there are still some remaining questions regarding terminology, patient selection, and procedural details. Regenerative endodontics provides the hope of converting a nonvital tooth into vital one once again.

scholarly journals Anatomical-morphological changes in Glyceria aquatica (L.) Wahlb. and Phalaris arundinacea L. growing in the zone inundated by the Kwiecko lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz R. Śpiewakowski ◽  
Maria Wielicka ◽  
Józef Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Lower Reservoir ◽  
Air Channels

Morphological-anatomical changes are described in the shoots of <em>Glyceria aquatica</em> and <em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>. These grasses encroach upon the zone inundated by the lake Kwiecko which is the lower reservoir of the Hydroelectric Plant Żydowo. The interaction of habitat and anthropogenic factors causes disturbances in the physiology of reproduction in the above mentioned plants and produces changes in their external and internal structure. Both species form in the zone inundated by the lake vegetative shoots exclusively, with profuse aerial tillering at the apical meristems. The morphological changes consist in shortening of the shoots and multiplication of the internodes. In the internal structure a narrowing of the ring of sclerenchyma, a shift of the vascular bundles into the sclerenchyma and an increase of its layer and air channels are observed.

Anatomical changes induced by triazoles in wheat seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1178-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gao ◽  
G. Hofstra ◽  
R. A. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Stimulation Of

The triazoles triadimefon and S-3307, applied as seed treatments at two concentrations each (0.1 and 1.0, and 0.001 and 0.01 g active ingredient/kg of seed, respectively), increased epicuticular wax and reduced the length but increased the width and thickness of wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Glenlea). Mesophyll cells of treated leaves were thicker than those of controls and there were more layers of cells around the median and lateral vascular bundles of leaves treated with the higher concentration of S-3307. The length of epidermal cells was reduced and the width was increased by both triazoles; the depth of epidermal cells was increased by the higher concentration of triadimefon only. S-3307 increased the number of vascular bundles, whereas triadimefon at the higher concentration increased their diameter. Both concentrations of S-3307 reduced the length of trichomes. The two triazoles increased chloroplast size along both the long and short axes. Compared with those of controls, the stomata in the triadimefon-treated leaves were constricted and sunken, whereas in S-3307 treated leaves the subsidiary cells were wider. The effects of the triazoles observed in this study may account in part for several plant growth regulatory activities reported earlier, including growth retardation, stimulation of chlorophyll synthesis, and protection against injury from water stress.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of Nymphaea alba L. and Nuphar luteum (L.) Sm. caused by oscillations of the water level in lakes

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz R. Śpiewakowski ◽  
Józef Piasecki ◽  
Maria Wielicka
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Nymphaea Alba ◽  
Turbulent Water ◽  
Maximum Retention

In this study we present morphological and anatomical changes in the petioles of <em>Nymphaea alba</em> and <em>Nuphar luteum</em> from two lakes greatly differing from each other in respect to the oscillation of their water level (Lake Salno -a stabilized natural reservoir, used for comparison; Lake Kwiecko -a natural reservoir for the Hydroelectric Plant in Żydowo, where the changes in the water level oscillate up to 3.1 m during a day under conditions of maximum retention). Nonrhytmic and turbulent water flows in Lake Kwiecko cause the elongation of petioles, a decrease in their diameter, and to a significant degree, the reduction of supporting elements - collenchyma, vascular bundles and idioblasts. These changes take place to a lesser extent in <em>Numphar luteum</em>. Although this species has a very wide ecological amplitude and does not need to adapt to changing habitat conditions, through anatomical modifications the oscillations in the water level have an unfavorable effect on its population in Lake Quick.

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