scholarly journals Mixoploidy of tannin coenocytes in Sambucus racemosa L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja M. Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Lateral Shoots

In young lateral shoots and seedlings of <i>Sambucus racemosa</i> L. the ontogenesis of elongated tannin coenocytes was investigated with particular reference to their karyology. In these tannin containers both small nuclei and giant ones are present. The DNA content in the particular nuclei was determined by the cytophotometric method after the Feulgen reaction. The ploidy of the nuclei was concluded on the basis of the DNA level. It was found that in multinuclear tannin coenocytes there are diploid nuclei as well as others with various degrees of ploidy. Thus, tannin coenocytes are mixoploidal. On the basis of karyological investigations it was attempted to elucidate the mechanism leading to the formation of polynuclear and mixoploid coenocytes.

Méthode d'étude des quantités d'ADN métaphasique après écrasement de méristèmes radiculaires

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 706-708
Author(s):  
C. Le Coq ◽  
C. Guervin ◽  
M. Esclapez ◽  
J. Moret
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Meristematic Root

A method is described for standardized preparation of meristematic root cells treated with colchicine for cytophotométrie analysis of metaphase DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid has been stained by the Feulgen reaction prior to crushing of the cells.Key words: cytophotometry, Ornithogalum, nuclear DNA content.

scholarly journals DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CYTOPHOTOMETRY OF STAINED HUMAN LEUKOCYTES I. DIFFERENCES AMONG CELL TYPES

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN H. MAYALL
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neutrophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Individual Human

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of individual human leukocytes was estimated cytophotometrically using visible light and spreads stained either with gallocyanin-chrome alum following ribonuclease digestion or with the Feulgen reaction. When the cells were measured on a scanning cytophotometer, significant differences in stain intensity were found among slides. Significant differences also were found among the leukocyte types. In gallocyanin-chrome alum preparations, monocytes measured 16% higher than small lymphocytes and 13% higher than neutrophilic granulocytes. In Feulgen preparations, monocytes measured 4% higher than small lymphocytes and 6% higher than neutrophils. These differences among cell types were independent of donor and stain intensity. Measurements of cells within types and within slides frequently showed close agreement, but it is only in this very limited context that the data are consistent with the hypothesis of DNA constancy. Measurements made on a two-wavelength cytophotometer showed a divergence of only 2.1% relative to similar measurements made on the scanning cytophotometer, which suggests that the differences observed among cells and types are unlikely to be artifacts of the instruments. Over-all, the data indicate either that there is variability in DNA content or that DNA is not being expressed correctly by the measured stain content.

scholarly journals DNA level in guard cells nuclei of Ornithogalum umbellatum ovary is 2C-4C

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Maria Kwiatkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Rogala ◽  
Katarzyna Popłońska
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ovary Growth

The DNA content after Feulgen reaction in the guard cells and epidermis of <em>Omithogalum umbellatum</em> ovary was cytophotometrically measured in different phases of flower development. Only in bud of flowers guard cells DNA content was 2C while in full blown flowers it was higher, between 2C-4C. This observation was supported by autoradiographic studies with 3H-thymidine which was incorporated into guard cell nuclei in the ovary epidermis of newly developed flowers. Thus DNA level in <em>O. umbellatum</em> guard cells was higher than those in other plants described in literature. On the other hand, DNA content in the epidermis cells increased gradually with ovary growth reaching the maximum level of 8C in some cells.

scholarly journals DNA endoreplication level in endosperm during seed development in three monocotyledonous species

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Marciniak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Monocotyledonous Plant ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Dna Endoreplication

The DNA content after the Feulgen reaction in the endosperm of three monocotyledonous plant species (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i>, <i>Muscari comosom</i>, <i>Haemanthus kurharinae</i>) differing in their 2C DNA content, was cytophotometrically measured. During endosperm development 1-6 endoreplication cycles take place, depending on the species. Differences in nuclear DNA endoreplication dynamics in the tested species are similar to those occurring in root parenchyma, but the endoreplication level in the endosperm is higher.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE CYTOCHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF DESOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID WITH THE FEULGEN NUCLEAL REACTION

1949 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ris ◽  
A. E. Mirsky
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Desoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Dna Concentration ◽  
Beckman Spectrophotometer ◽  
Absorbing Material

The possibility of using the Feulgen nucleal reaction for a quantitative cytochemical estimation of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was investigated. The intensity of the reaction in nuclei was determined by absorption measurements with the microscope. The accuracy of such measurements was tested by comparison with measurements on the same material with a Beckman spectrophotometer. The values obtained with the microscope agreed within a few per cent with those obtained with the Beckman spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the errors introduced by uneven distribution of absorbing material, by variations in the numerical aperture of the system, and by variation in the area used on the phototube were investigated empirically. The following variables were studied with regard to their effect on the intensity of the Feulgen reaction: type of fixation, time of hydrolysis after acetic acid-alcohol and formalin fixation, time of staining in leucobasic fuchsin, method of preparation of leucobasic fuchsin. The intensity of the Feulgen reaction in liver and erythrocyte nuclei of various vertebrates, fixed in acetic acid-alcohol, was then compared with the DNA content of these nuclei as determined by chemical analysis on a known number of nuclei. The intensity of the reaction was found to be proportional to the DNA content of the nuclei, if nuclei of similar structure and DNA concentration were compared. In nuclei of different structure and DNA concentration (i.e. liver and erythrocyte nuclei), fixed in acetic acid-alcohol, the intensity of the Feulgen reaction was, however, not proportional to the DNA content. This difficulty was overcome by isolating nuclei in sucrose and by fixing them in formalin. Uniform distribution of DNA and therefore uniform coloring after the Feulgen reaction were thus obtained. In such nuclei with uniform distribution of absorbing material the Feulgen reaction was found to be proportional to the DNA content of nuclei, even if they differed greatly in their DNA concentration. The Feulgen nucleal reaction is not quantitative in an absolute sense. For absolute determinations nuclei of known DNA content must be treated together with the unknown material to serve as standard. From these data it therefore appears possible to determine cytochemically relative amounts of DNA in cellular structures by measuring their absorption after treatment with the Feulgen nucleal reaction.

Severely distorted Feulgen-DNA amounts in Pinus (Coniferophytina) after nonadditive fixations as a result of meristematic self-tanning with vacuole contents

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Greilhuber
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Tissue ◽  
Dna Amounts

Highly divergent nuclear DNA amounts were obtained in Pinus mugo and Pinus cembra when meristematic tissue from root tips was fixed either with neutral formaldehyde or various nonadditive agents as methanol – acetic acid, ethanol – acetic acid, alcohols alone, Carnoy's fluid, acetone, or was directly hydrolyzed with 5 M HCl. After formaldehyde fixation, the 1C values in P. mugo and P. cembra amount to 20.16 and 24.16 pg, respectively, when calibrated against Allium cepa as internal standard, but 1C values after application of nonadditive fixatives are strongly reduced to 25–41% of the former values. This phenomenon is explained by the observation that in Pinus a large fraction of the meristematic cells contains a considerably large vacuome, whose content (probably condensed tannins) becomes immobilized after formaldehyde fixation and further on does not interfere with the Feulgen reaction, whereas after nonadditive fixations the vacuole contents extravasate and strongly tan the whole meristem and especially the nuclei. The Feulgen reaction is impaired. The tint and absorbance spectra are different in pine and Allium cepa nuclei. Pinus Feulgen-DNA values obtained after fixations other than formaldehyde must be regarded as highly distorted from the true genomic DNA content. Self-tanning as a source of methodical error in DNA content determinations by cytochemical techniques may be widespread because of the frequent occurrence of tannins in the plant kingdom.Key words: Feulgen reaction, DNA contents, tannins, Pinus, conifers.

scholarly journals Genome size of the European domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Andraszek ◽  
E Wójcik ◽  
A Grużewska ◽  
E Smalec
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Ovary Cells ◽  
Nucleus Surface ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes

This work is aimed at determining the C-DNA contained within the nuclei of different types of cells in the domestic goose Anser anser. Cells from the lungs, skin, pancreas, kidney, spleen, liver, heart, brain, blood, ovary and testicle were analysed. Cells from the blood, ovary and testicle were smeared onto microscopic glasses, whereas slides from the other organs and tissues were prepared using the paraffin technique. DNA content, as visualized by the Feulgen reaction using computerized image analysis, was examined in 200 nuclei of every type of cell. Chicken erythrocytes were used as reference material. Different concentrations of chromatin within cell nuclei were observed, from small, dispersed clods to an entirely filled nucleus surface. It was stated that the average C-DNA content in the domestic European goose amounts to 1.306 ± 0.327 pg, which gives goose DNA a length in base pair of 1.277 × 109 ± 0.320 × 109 bp after adjustment. The correlation between nucleus size and the C-DNA content was positive and high. In all cell types it exceeded 0.6. The highest was observed in lung and ovary cells, the lowest in skin and the pancreas. The majority of all cells (57.34%) contain DNA at the range between 1.0 to 1.5 pg, especially those from erythrocytes and the pancreas (82 and 76% respectively). Liver cells demonstrate a tendency toward an amount that is higher than 1.5% of the DNA (78.61% cells). Heart cells reveal a tendency downward (98.99% below 1.5 pg). Less than 1.0 pg of DNA was observed in 17.13% of all examined cells. Key words: Domestic goose, cell, cell nuclei, Feulgen reaction, genome size, DNA mass

scholarly journals Heterochromatin organization in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of Dasypyrum breviaristatum (Lindb) Frederiksen

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Pignone ◽  
Incoronata Galasso ◽  
Antonio Blanco ◽  
Roberto Cremonini
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Cytophotometric Analysis ◽  
Dasypyrum Breviaristatum

Metaphase chromosomes of <em>Dasypyrum breviaristatum</em> (Lindb f) Frederiksen, a tetraploid wild species, were differentially stained with C-banding and fluorochromes in order to aquire information on heterochromatin chromosomal distribution and composition. DNA content and relative amount of nuclear heterochromatin were determined by cytophotometric analysis after Feulgen reaction. The results were compared to those of <em>Dasypyrum villosum</em> (L.) P. Candargy, a diploid species of the same genus. The achieved information indicate that <em>D. breviaristatum</em> and <em>D. villosum</em> differ in the composition, organization and distribution of heterochromatin, and may suggest that the telomeric regions of the chromosomes of the two species are more differentiated than the centromeric ones, as a result of a long lasting divergence between the two species.

Head Size and DNA Content in Bacteriophage T4

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Fred Eiserling ◽  
A. H. Doermann ◽  
Linde Boehner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Bacteriophage T4 ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Altered Protein ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
A Site ◽  
Protein Shell

The control of form or shape inheritance can be approached by studying the morphogenesis of bacterial viruses. Shape variants of bacteriophage T4 with altered protein shell (capsid) size and nucleic acid (DNA) content have been found by electron microscopy, and a mutant (E920g in gene 66) controlling head size has been described. This mutant produces short-headed particles which contain 2/3 the normal DNA content and which are non-viable when only one particle infects a cell (Fig. 1).We report here the isolation of a new mutant (191c) which also appears to be in gene 66 but at a site distinct from E920g. The most striking phenotype of the mutant is the production of about 10% of the phage yield as “giant” virus particles, from 3 to 8 times longer than normal phage (Fig. 2).

Localization of DNA in chromatin using ESI and osmium ammine staining

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
C.L. Woodcock ◽  
R.A. Horowitz ◽  
D. P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
A.L. Olins
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Specific Location ◽  
Eukaryotic Nucleus ◽  
Chromatin Fibers ◽  
Patiria Miniata ◽  
Model Structures

In the eukaryotic nucleus, DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, and the nucleosome chain folded into ‘30nm’ chromatin fibers. A number of different model structures, each with a specific location of nucleosomal and linker DNA have been proposed for the arrangment of nucleosomes within the fiber. We are exploring two strategies for testing the models by localizing DNA within chromatin: electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) of phosphorus atoms, and osmium ammine (OSAM) staining, a method based on the DNA-specific Feulgen reaction.Sperm were obtained from Patiria miniata (starfish), fixed in 2% GA in 150mM NaCl, 15mM HEPES pH 8.0, and embedded In Lowiciyl K11M at -55C. For OSAM staining, sections 100nm to 150nm thick were treated as described, and stereo pairs recorded at 40,000x and 100KV using a Philips CM10 TEM. (The new osmium ammine-B stain is available from Polysciences Inc). Uranyl-lead (U-Pb) staining was as described. ESI was carried out on unstained, very thin (<30 nm) beveled sections at 80KV using a Zeiss EM902. Images were recorded at 20,000x and 30,000x with median energy losses of 110eV, 120eV and 160eV, and a window of 20eV.

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