scholarly journals Genome size of the European domestic goose (Anser anser domesticus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Andraszek ◽  
E Wójcik ◽  
A Grużewska ◽  
E Smalec
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Anser Anser ◽  
Ovary Cells ◽  
Nucleus Surface ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes

This work is aimed at determining the C-DNA contained within the nuclei of different types of cells in the domestic goose Anser anser. Cells from the lungs, skin, pancreas, kidney, spleen, liver, heart, brain, blood, ovary and testicle were analysed. Cells from the blood, ovary and testicle were smeared onto microscopic glasses, whereas slides from the other organs and tissues were prepared using the paraffin technique. DNA content, as visualized by the Feulgen reaction using computerized image analysis, was examined in 200 nuclei of every type of cell. Chicken erythrocytes were used as reference material. Different concentrations of chromatin within cell nuclei were observed, from small, dispersed clods to an entirely filled nucleus surface. It was stated that the average C-DNA content in the domestic European goose amounts to 1.306 ± 0.327 pg, which gives goose DNA a length in base pair of 1.277 × 109 ± 0.320 × 109 bp after adjustment. The correlation between nucleus size and the C-DNA content was positive and high. In all cell types it exceeded 0.6. The highest was observed in lung and ovary cells, the lowest in skin and the pancreas. The majority of all cells (57.34%) contain DNA at the range between 1.0 to 1.5 pg, especially those from erythrocytes and the pancreas (82 and 76% respectively). Liver cells demonstrate a tendency toward an amount that is higher than 1.5% of the DNA (78.61% cells). Heart cells reveal a tendency downward (98.99% below 1.5 pg). Less than 1.0 pg of DNA was observed in 17.13% of all examined cells. Key words: Domestic goose, cell, cell nuclei, Feulgen reaction, genome size, DNA mass

DNA–Feulgen cytophotometric determination of genome size for the freshwater-invading copepod Eurytemora affinis

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M Rasch ◽  
Carol Eunmi Lee ◽  
Grace A Wyngaard
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Growth Characteristic ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Chromatin Diminution ◽  
Eurytemora Affinis ◽  
Genomic Studies

Variation in nuclear DNA content within some eukaryotic species is well documented, but causes and consequences of such variation remain unclear. Here we report genome size of an estuarine and salt-marsh calanoid copepod, Eurytemora affinis, which has recently invaded inland freshwater habitats independently and repeatedly in North America, Europe, and Asia. Adults and embryos of E. affinis from the St. Lawrence River drainage were examined for somatic cell DNA content and the presence or absence of embryonic chromatin diminution, using Feulgen–DNA cytophotometry to determine a diploid or 2C genome size of 0.6–0.7 pg DNA/cell. The majority of somatic cell nuclei, however, have twice this DNA content (1.3 pg/nucleus) in all of the adults examined and possibly represent a population of cells arrested at the G2 stage of the cell cycle or associated with some degree of endopolyploidy. Both suggestions contradict assumptions that DNA replication does not occur in adult tissues during the determinate growth characteristic of copepods. Absence of germ cell nuclei with markedly elevated DNA values, commonly found for species of cyclopoid copepods that show chromatin diminution, indicates that E. affinis lacks this trait. The small genome size and presumed absence of chromatin diminution increase the potential utility of E. affinis as a model for genomic studies on mechanisms of adaptation during freshwater invasions.Key words: copepod, genome size, DNA–Feulgen, calanoid, Eurytemora.

scholarly journals DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID CYTOPHOTOMETRY OF STAINED HUMAN LEUKOCYTES I. DIFFERENCES AMONG CELL TYPES

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN H. MAYALL
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neutrophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Individual Human

The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of individual human leukocytes was estimated cytophotometrically using visible light and spreads stained either with gallocyanin-chrome alum following ribonuclease digestion or with the Feulgen reaction. When the cells were measured on a scanning cytophotometer, significant differences in stain intensity were found among slides. Significant differences also were found among the leukocyte types. In gallocyanin-chrome alum preparations, monocytes measured 16% higher than small lymphocytes and 13% higher than neutrophilic granulocytes. In Feulgen preparations, monocytes measured 4% higher than small lymphocytes and 6% higher than neutrophils. These differences among cell types were independent of donor and stain intensity. Measurements of cells within types and within slides frequently showed close agreement, but it is only in this very limited context that the data are consistent with the hypothesis of DNA constancy. Measurements made on a two-wavelength cytophotometer showed a divergence of only 2.1% relative to similar measurements made on the scanning cytophotometer, which suggests that the differences observed among cells and types are unlikely to be artifacts of the instruments. Over-all, the data indicate either that there is variability in DNA content or that DNA is not being expressed correctly by the measured stain content.

scholarly journals DNA level in guard cells nuclei of Ornithogalum umbellatum ovary is 2C-4C

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
Maria Kwiatkowska ◽  
Katarzyna Rogala ◽  
Katarzyna Popłońska
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ovary Growth

The DNA content after Feulgen reaction in the guard cells and epidermis of <em>Omithogalum umbellatum</em> ovary was cytophotometrically measured in different phases of flower development. Only in bud of flowers guard cells DNA content was 2C while in full blown flowers it was higher, between 2C-4C. This observation was supported by autoradiographic studies with 3H-thymidine which was incorporated into guard cell nuclei in the ovary epidermis of newly developed flowers. Thus DNA level in <em>O. umbellatum</em> guard cells was higher than those in other plants described in literature. On the other hand, DNA content in the epidermis cells increased gradually with ovary growth reaching the maximum level of 8C in some cells.

scholarly journals Genome Size Diversity in Rare, Endangered, and Protected Orchids in Poland

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Monika Rewers ◽  
Iwona Jedrzejczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Rewicz ◽  
Anna Jakubska-Busse
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Infraspecific Taxon ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Liparis Loeselii ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Orchidaceae is one of the largest and the most widespread plant families with many species threatened with extinction. However, only about 1.5% of orchids’ genome sizes have been known so far. The aim of this study was to estimate the genome size of 15 species and one infraspecific taxon of endangered and protected orchids growing wild in Poland to assess their variability and develop additional criterion useful in orchid species identification and characterization. Flow cytometric genome size estimation revealed that investigated orchid species possessed intermediate, large, and very large genomes. The smallest 2C DNA content possessed Liparis loeselii (14.15 pg), while the largest Cypripedium calceolus (82.10 pg). It was confirmed that the genome size is characteristic to the subfamily. Additionally, for four species Epipactis albensis, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis mascula, Orchis militaris and one infraspecific taxon, Epipactis purpurata f. chlorophylla the 2C DNA content has been estimated for the first time. Genome size estimation by flow cytometry proved to be a useful auxiliary method for quick orchid species identification and characterization.

scholarly journals The DNA content of trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia by microdensitometric quantitation of Feulgen staining and examination by laser scanning confocal microscopy.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Erlandsen ◽  
E M Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
C Value

We investigated direct measurement of the DNA content of the parasitic intestinal flagellate Giardia lamblia through quantitation by Feulgen microspectrophotometry and also by visualization of Feulgen-stained DNA chromosomes within dividing cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Individual trophozoites of Giardia (binucleate) contained 0.144 +/- 0.018 pg of DNA/cell or 0.072 pg DNA/nucleus. Giardia lamblia cysts (quadranucleate) contained 0.313 +/- 0.003 pg DNA or 0.078 pg DNA/nucleus. The genome size (C) value per nucleus ranged between 6.5-7.1 x 10(7) BP for trophozoites and cysts, respectively. Confocal microscopic examination of Giardia trophozoites undergoing binary fission revealed five chromosome-like bodies within each nucleus. Further information about genome size and DNA content within different Giardia species may help to clarify the pivotal role of these primitive eukaryotic cells in evolutionary development.

scholarly journals Chromatin fibers observed in situ in frozen hydrated sections. Native fiber diameter is not correlated with nucleosome repeat length.

1994 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Repeat Length ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Chromosome Architecture ◽  
Chromatin Fibers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes ◽  
Patiria Miniata

Chromatin fibers have been observed and measured in frozen hydrated sections of three types of cell (chicken erythrocytes and sperm of Patiria miniata and Thyone briareus) representing an approximately 20-bp range of nucleosomal repeat lengths. For sperm of the starfish P. miniata, it was possible to obtain images of chromatin fibers from cells that were swimming in seawater up to the moment of cryo-immobilization, thus providing a record of the native morphology of the chromatin of these cells. Glutaraldehyde fixation produced no significant changes in the ultrastructure or diameter of chromatin fibers, and fiber diameters observed in cryosections were similar to those recorded after low temperature embedding in Lowicryl K11M. Chromatin fiber diameters measured from cryosections of the three types of nuclei were similar, a striking contrast to the situation for chromatin isolated from these cell types, where a strong positive correlation between diameter and nucleosomal repeat length has been established. The demonstration of chromatin fibers in unfixed whole cells establishes an unequivocal baseline for the study of native chromatin and chromosome architecture. The significant differences between chromatin fibers in nucleo and after isolation supports a previous observation (P. J. Giannasca, R. A. Horowitz, and C. L. Woodcock. 1993. J. Cell Sci. 105:551-561), and suggests that structural studies on isolated material should be interpreted with caution until the changes that accompany chromatin isolation are understood.

Cell-specific posttranslational processing of the surfactant-associated protein SP-B

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. L290-L299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hawgood ◽  
D. Latham ◽  
J. Borchelt ◽  
D. Damm ◽  
T. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Precursor Protein ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Posttranslational Processing ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Clara Cells ◽  
Ovary Cells

Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein B (SP-B) is a 9-kDa lung-specific protein expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells and Clara cells. The protein markedly increases the surface activity of phospholipids and is an active component in some surfactants in clinical use. SP-B is produced from a 43-kDa precursor protein by proteolytic cleavage of flanking regions from both the NH2- and COOH-terminal ends of the active protein. In this study we have compared the nature of the posttranslational processing of the SP-B precursor in type II cells and in a heterologous cell line transfected with the SP-B precursor. We found that isolated type II cells produce the 9-kDa form of SP-B from the precursor through a series of intermediates detectable in the cell lysates. In contrast Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the full-length human SP-B precursor produce the precursor and a 26-kDa intermediate but not the 9-kDa protein. The precursor protein in both cell types is glycosylated with NH2-linked sugars. Our results suggest there is cell specificity in the posttranslational processing of the SP-B precursor.

scholarly journals Genome Size Evaluations in Cockroaches: New Entries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Monti ◽  
Carlo Alberto Redi ◽  
Ernesto Capanna
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Field Trapping ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Blatta Orientalis ◽  
Leucophaea Maderae ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
Dna Contents

Abstract Background: Ten years ago the main Genome Size (GS) database contained records for 830 insects; although this number has now nearly doubled, 1645 (Gregory 2011 vs Gregory 2021 databases), the paucity of records highlights both the difficulty of animal field trapping and the time-consuming laboratory techniques to evaluate them. Thus, new entries are necessary to reach a satisfactory GS panorama for cockroaches. Results: We report GS values for nine cockroaches (order Blattodea, families Blattidae, Blaberidae and Ectobiidae, ex Blattelidae,), three of which are original additions to the ten already present in the GS database: the death’s head roach (Blaberus craniifer), the Surinam cockroach (Pycnoscelus surinamensis) and the Madeira cockroach (Leucophaea maderae). Three of our values confirm the existing data for the German (Blattella germanica), the oriental (Blatta orientalis) and the giant Mexican (Blabera fusca) cockroaches. Regarding the GS of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) the GS database contains two contrasting values (2.72 vs 3.41 pg). We suggest that the 2.72 pg value is likely to be the correct GS as it strikingly similar to our sperm DNA content evaluation (2.80 ± 0.11 pg). Finally, we suggest halving the published GS of the Argentine cockroach Blaptica dubia and the spotted cockroach (the gray cockroach) Nauphoeta cinerea as our estimates come from the evaluation of the sperm DNA content. The data already reported in the literature are based on DNA contents of neural cells (likely polyploid) obtained by grinding entire heads of animals.Conclusions: Although the paucity of the GS data does not allow firm considerations on the possible evolutionary role played by the GS in diversifying cockroach species, we offer two speculative hypotheses that need to be validated by increasing the available GS records: (i) the occurrence of a correlation between increasing 2N chromosome number and GS within the order Blattodea; and (ii) the possible occurrence of a polyploidization phenomenon doubling a basic GS of 0.58 pg of some termite families (superfamily Blattoidea, epifamily Termitoidae) up to the maximum GS value of 3.24 for the Blaberidae family within the order Blattodea (super-order Dictyoptera).

scholarly journals GENOME SIZE IN THREE SPECIES OF Glandularia AND THEIR HYBRIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
M.R. Ferrari ◽  
E.J. Greizerstein ◽  
L. Poggio
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

In this work the relationship between genome size of Glandularia species and the meiotic configurations found in their hybrids are discussed. Glandularia incisa (Hook.) Tronc., growing in two localities of Corrientes and Córdoba provinces, Argentina, with different ecological conditions, showed inter-population variability of the 2C-value. The DNA content found in the Corrientes locality (2.41 pg) was higher than that obtained in the Córdoba locality (2.09 pg) which has more stressful environmental conditions than the former. These values are statistically different from those that were found in Glandularia pulchella (Sweet) Tronc. from Corrientes (1.43 pg) and in Glandularia perakii Cov. et Schn from Córdoba (1.47 pg). The DNA content of the diploid F1 hybrids, G. pulchella × G. incisa and G. perakii × G. incisa, differed statistically from the DNA content of the parental species, being intermediate between them. Differences in the frequency of pairing of homoeologous chromosomes were observed in the hybrids; these differences cannot be explained by differences in genome size since hybrids with similar DNA content differ significantly in their meiotic behavior. On the other hand, the differences in the DNA content between the parental species justify the presence of a high frequency of heteromorphic open and closed bivalents and univalents with different size in the hybrids. Key words: Intra-specific DNA content variability, homoeologous pairing, heteromorphic bivalents

scholarly journals Miscanthus: Inter- and Intraspecific Genome Size Variation Among M. × Giganteus, M. Sinensis, M. Sacchariflorus Accessions

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Sandra Cichorz ◽  
Maria Gośka ◽  
Monika Rewers
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Cytological Characteristics ◽  
Stomatal Length

AbstractSinceM. sinensisAnderss.,M. sacchariflorus(Maxim.) Hack. andM. ×giganteusJ.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize have considerably the highest potential for biomass production amongMiscanthusAnderss. species, there is an urgent need to broaden the knowledge about cytological characteristics required for their improvement. In this study our objectives were to assess the genome size variation among eighteenMiscanthusaccessions, as well as estimation of the monoploid genome size (2C and Cx) of theM. sinensiscultivars, which have not been analyzed yet. The characterization of threeMiscanthusspecies was performed with the use of flow cytometry and analysis of the stomatal length. The triploid (2n = 3x = 57)M. sinensis‘Goliath’ andM. ×giganteusclones possessed the highest 2C DNA content (8.34 pg and 7.43 pg, respectively). The intermediate 2C-values were found in the nuclei of the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sinensisaccessions (5.52–5.72 pg), whereas they were the lowest in the diploid (2n = 2x = 38)M. sacchariflorusecotypes (4.58–4.59 pg). The presented study revealed interspecific variation of nuclear DNA content (P<0.01) and therefore allowed for recognition of particular taxa, inter- and intraspecific hybrids and prediction of potential parental components. Moreover, intraspecific genome size variation (P<0.01) was observed inM. sinensiscultivars at 3.62%. The values of the stomatal size obtained for the triploidM. ×giganteus‘Great Britain’ (mean 30.70 μm) or ‘Canada’ (mean 29.67 μm) and diploidM. sinensis‘Graziella’ (mean 29.96 μm) did not differ significantly, therefore this parameter is not recommended for ploidy estimation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document