scholarly journals Heterochromatin organization in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of Dasypyrum breviaristatum (Lindb) Frederiksen

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Pignone ◽  
Incoronata Galasso ◽  
Antonio Blanco ◽  
Roberto Cremonini
Keyword(s):  
Dna Content ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Dasypyrum Villosum ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Cytophotometric Analysis ◽  
Dasypyrum Breviaristatum

Metaphase chromosomes of <em>Dasypyrum breviaristatum</em> (Lindb f) Frederiksen, a tetraploid wild species, were differentially stained with C-banding and fluorochromes in order to aquire information on heterochromatin chromosomal distribution and composition. DNA content and relative amount of nuclear heterochromatin were determined by cytophotometric analysis after Feulgen reaction. The results were compared to those of <em>Dasypyrum villosum</em> (L.) P. Candargy, a diploid species of the same genus. The achieved information indicate that <em>D. breviaristatum</em> and <em>D. villosum</em> differ in the composition, organization and distribution of heterochromatin, and may suggest that the telomeric regions of the chromosomes of the two species are more differentiated than the centromeric ones, as a result of a long lasting divergence between the two species.

Nucleolus-associated bodies in meristematic cells of two plant species (Cicer arietinum and Leucaena glauca) with different ploidy levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Lafontaine ◽  
B. T. Luck ◽  
S. Gugg
Keyword(s):  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Meristematic Cells

Light microscopy has shown that plant interphase nuclei contain small, roundish bodies, some of which may be closely associated with the nucleolar surface. Serial sections were used to determine the location, size, and number of these nucleolus-associated bodies in two plant species having different ploidy levels. In Cicer arietinum, a diploid species, one or two such bodies were observed, whereas in Leucaena glauca, an octoploid species, four to six nucleolus-associated bodies were present. At the ultrastructural level, these bodies consistently exhibited a distinct fibrillogranular texture and were located close to segments of the interphase nucleolar organizer track, a meandering, coarse, filamentous structure particularly well developed within many plant species and known to consist partly of chromatin. The fact that the number of these bodies closely matches that of the satellite-bearing metaphase chromosomes suggests that they may represent terminal segments of the nucleolar chromosomes. Other equally plausible interpretations of the nature of the NABs are also considered. Key words: plant interphase nucleus, nucleolus-associated bodies, satellites.

Chromosomal distribution patterns of the (AC)10 microsatellite and other repetitive sequences, and their use in chromosome rearrangement analysis of species of the genus Avena

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araceli Fominaya ◽  
Yolanda Loarce ◽  
Alexander Montes ◽  
Esther Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Rearrangement ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Large Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genomic Relationships

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to determine the physical location of the (AC)10 microsatellite in metaphase chromosomes of six diploid species (AA or CC genomes), two tetraploid species (AACC genome), and five cultivars of two hexaploid species (AACCDD genome) of the genus Avena, a genus in which genomic relationships remain obscure. A preferential distribution of the (AC)10 microsatellite in the pericentromeric and interstitial regions was seen in both the A- and D-genome chromosomes, while in C-genome chromosomes the majority of signals were located in the pericentromeric heterochromatic regions. New large chromosome rearrangements were detected in two polyploid species: an intergenomic translocation involving chromosomes 17AL and 21DS in Avena sativa ‘Araceli’ and another involving chromosomes 4CL and 21DS in the analyzed cultivars of Avena byzantina. The latter 4CL-21DS intergenomic translocation differentiates clearly between A. sativa and A. byzantina. Searches for common hybridization patterns on the chromosomes of different species revealed chromosome 10A of Avena magna and 21D of hexaploid oats to be very similar in terms of the distribution of 45S and Am1 sequences. This suggests a common origin for these chromosomes and supports a CCDD rather than an AACC genomic designation for this species.

The Synthesis and Migration of Nuclear Proteins during Mitosis and differentiation of Cells in Rats

1965 ◽  
Vol s3-106 (75) ◽  
pp. 229-240
Author(s):  
R. T. SIMS
Keyword(s):  
Granular Cell ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Silver Grains

Hooded rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-tyrosine, and killed in pairs 10 min, 30 min, 12 h, 36 h, 7 days, and 30 days later. A piece of skin with white growing hair, and the tongue, were taken from each animal and radioautographs were prepared. Silver grains were counted over whole nuclei and whole mitotic figures of the germinal cells and whole nuclei of differentiating cells of both tissues. It was found that the interphase nuclei have significantly more silver grains over them than the chromosomes at all stages of mitosis and there are virtually no grains over metaphase, anaphase, and early telophase chromosomes in both tissues of all the animals killed up to 36 h after the injection. The difference between the grain counts over the interphase nuclei and the chromosomes of dividing cells is at least 20-fold at 30 min in the hair matrix, at least 5-fold at 30 min in the tongue and at 36 h in both tissues. It was established that the differences observed between the radioactivities of the nuclei and chromosomes of mitotic figures are real from estimates of: the radioactivity of the cell cytoplasm, volumes of the metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei within 1µ of the photographic emulsion, and the volumes of cytoplasm separating the photographic emulsion and these structures. No protein synthesis was demonstrable in the chromosomes during metaphase, anaphase, and early telophase. Nuclear proteins leave the chromosomes during prophase and prometaphase and return to the nucleus during late telophase. The cells in the matrix and upper bulb of the growing hair follicle and those in the germinal, prickle, and granular cell layers of the tongue are in different functional states; 30 min after injection of 3H-tyrosine they have different amounts of it in their nuclear proteins. It is suggested that the amount incorporated into each nucleus is related to the rate at which proteins are being synthesized by the cell.

Flavor Profiles of Wild Species-Derived Peanut Breeding Lines

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Tallury ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
T. G. Isleib ◽  
H. T. Stalker
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Cultivated Peanut ◽  
Important Quality

Abstract Several diploid wild species of the genus Arachis L. have been used as sources of resistance to common diseases of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Because flavor is among the most important quality attributes for commercial acceptance of roasted peanuts, sensory attributes of interspecific hybrid derived breeding lines were evaluated to determine if transfer of disease resistance from wild species is associated with concomitant changes in flavor. Sixteen interspecific hybrid derivatives with five diploid species in their ancestries and the commercial flavor standard, NC 7 were evaluated for sensory quality. Significant variation among entries was found for the roasted peanut, sweet, and bitter sensory attributes, but not for the overall contrast between NC 7 and the wild species-derived breeding lines. The variation was either between two groups of wild species-derived breeding lines or within one or both groups. Introduction of disease and pest resistance traits from Arachis species did not result in degradation or improvement of the flavor profile. This suggests that flavor of wild species-derived germplasm will not prevent its use either as parents in peanut breeding programs or as cultivars.

A Light Microscope Study of Linker Histone Distribution in Rat Metaphase Chromosomes and Interphase Nuclei

1993 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Breneman ◽  
Peter Yau ◽  
Raymond L. Teplitz ◽  
E.Morton Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Linker Histone ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei

scholarly journals DNA CONTENT OF PLACENTAL NUCLEI

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Galton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Rapid Accumulation

The DNA content of individual nuclei in four immature human placentas was determined by microspectrophotometric analysis of Feulgen-stained sections. The absence of mitosis in the syncytiotrophoblast, taken together with the finding of a diploid unimodal distribution, at a time of rapid placental growth, indicated that the syncytiotrophoblast possessed little or no intrinsic reproductive capacity. In contrast, the cytotrophoblast displayed considerable mitotic activity and was found to contain a high proportion of nuclei with DNA values in excess of the diploid amount, corresponding to DNA synthesis in interphase nuclei preparatory to division. From the complementary behavior of the two layers of trophoblast, with respect to evidence of reproductive ability, it is concluded that the rapid accumulation of nuclei in the syncytiotrophoblast, during the early development of the placenta, is accounted for by cell proliferation within the cytotrophoblast followed by alignment and coalescence of some daughter cells in the syncytiotrophoblast.

Characterization of factors in routine laboratory protocols that significantly influence the Feulgen reaction.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 935-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kiss ◽  
I Salmon ◽  
I Camby ◽  
S Gras ◽  
J L Pasteels
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Mammary Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Homogeneous Material ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Cytophotometric Analysis

We investigated the parameters that could affect the cytophotometric analysis of cell nuclei stained by the Feulgen reaction. These parameters included: the hydrolysis temperature (in the normal "room temperature" range); the composition of the Schiff's reagent; the speed of centrifugation of the cell suspensions; the mode of preservation [air-drying or ethanol-formalin-acetic acid (EFA) fixation]; the fixation time; the pronase digestion time; and the concentration of pronase used to obtain cell suspensions from archival (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) materials. Relatively homogeneous material was studied: the MXT mouse mammary adenocarcinoma growing in vivo as tumors with both small and hyperchromatic cell nuclei and in vitro as monolayers with larger and less hyperchromatic cell nuclei. The results of these investigations demonstrate the necessity for the precise definition of a protocol for such procedures as sampling, fixation, and staining of cell nuclei if computerized cell image analyses are to be objective and reproducible. For present purposes this protocol differs depending on whether fresh or archival material is studied. For fresh tissue the protocol is immersion of the sample in EFA within 10 sec, fixation for 30 min, and staining by the Feulgen reaction in which hydrolysis is performed with 6 N HCl at 24 degrees C for 60 min. For archival tissue, the protocol becomes fixation in formol (or EFA), embedding, sectioning at 80 microns, digestion with 0.05% pronase for 2 hr, centrifugation at 1200 x g on glass slides, and staining by the Feulgen reaction in which hydrolysis is performed with 6 N HCl for 60 min at 24 degrees C.

Chorionic villus metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei analysed by chromosomalin situ suppression (CISS) hybridization

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Klever ◽  
Caspar J. Grond-Ginsbach ◽  
Hans-Dieter Hager ◽  
Traute M. Schroeder-Kurth
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei

scholarly journals Intraspecific polymorphism of ribosomal DNA loci number and morphology in Brachypodium pinnatum and Brachypodium sylvaticum

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Breda ◽  
Elzbieta Wolny ◽  
Robert Hasterok
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Chromosomal Distribution ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Brachypodium Sylvaticum ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Rdna Loci ◽  
35S Rdna ◽  
25S Rdna

AbstractThe genus Brachypodium has become the target of extensive cytomolecular studies since one of its representatives, B. distachyon, has been accepted as a model plant for temperate cereals and forage grasses. Recent preliminary studies suggested that intraspecific rDNA polymorphism can occur in at least two members of the genus, B. sylvaticum and B. pinnatum, so the aim of this study was to further analyse this phenomenon. FISH with 25S rDNA and 5S rDNA probes was performed on somatic metaphase chromosomes, supplemented by the silver staining technique which distinguishes transcriptionally active from inactive 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA loci. The number, size and chromosomal distribution of 5S rDNA loci were very constant: two loci were invariably observed in all studied diploid accessions of both species, while four 5S rDNA loci were present in the tetraploid B. pinnatum. In contrast to 5S rDNA loci, those of the 35S rDNA were more variable. Two or three loci were observed in the diploid B. pinnatum and four in tetraploid accessions. In chromosome complements of B. sylvaticum accessions from two to six 35S rDNA sites were detected. Regardless of total rDNA locus number, only two were transcriptionally active in diploid accessions of both species, while two or four were active in the tetraploid B. pinnatum. Additionally, the fluorescent CMA/DAPI banding method was used to identify the relation between rDNA sites and CMA+ bands. It was revealed that the number and chromosomal distribution of CMA+ bands are in congruence only with 35S rDNA loci which gave strong FISH signals.

scholarly journals Characterization of telomeric repeats in metaphase chromosomes and interphase nuclei of Syrian Hamster Fibroblasts

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila V Solovjeva ◽  
Sergey Demin ◽  
Nadezhda M Pleskach ◽  
Maria O Kuznetsova ◽  
Maria P Svetlova
Keyword(s):  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Telomeric Repeats
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