scholarly journals The lichen flora of the Malbork Castle (N. Polami)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Beata Guzow
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Lichen Flora

In the present study 32 species of lichens were found. The most numerous were crustose lichens. which are typical of rocks. The follwing species which are known to occur rarely in Poland were identified: <i>Acarospora</i> cf. <i>umbibilicata</i> and <i>Lecidella</i> cf. <i>carpathica</i>. Two species of the genus <i>Lepraria</i> were also noted; among them <i>Lepraria caesioalba</i> had not been reported previously from Poland. The non-uniform distribution of lichens in the castle area, mainly the presence of "lichen deserts" was. probably associated with human activities. The most frequent occurring lichens were synanthropic, easily spreading species, e.g. <i>Caloplaca citrina, Lecanora albescens</i> and <i>L. dispersa</i>.

scholarly journals Formowanie się flory porostów na słomianych strzechach budynków [Formation of lichen flora on straw-thatched roofs]

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 73-113
Author(s):  
Ludwik Lipnicki
Keyword(s):  
Population Process ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Lichen Flora

The thesis includes the results of over ten years' research and observations of lichens on the straw-thatched roofs. The research sites were the villages located inside and on the edge of the vast lowland forests in Poland. The thatched roofs made of straw, which has been laid out for 1–50 years, were examined. Duration of the population process and quantitative changes of pioneering lichens were analysed. The following phases of the initial stage of formation of lichen flora were distinguished and characterized: the phase of occurrence of crustose lichens ('the straw thatch'), the phase of expansion of cup-moss ('the cup-moss thatch') and the phase of a shared domination of lichens and mosses ('the grey-green thatch'). The morphological and ecological features of pioneering lichens were revealed.

A key to the corticolous microfoliose, foliose and related crustose lichens from Rondônia, Brazil, with the description of four new species

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
André APTROOT ◽  
Marcela Eugenia da Silva CÁCERES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pyrenocarpous Lichens ◽  
Lowland Rainforest ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Lichen Flora

AbstractA key is given to the foliose and squamulose lichens known so far from Rondônia, including also corticolous crustose lichens with a chlorococcoid alga. The foliicolous Lecanorales found are also listed. The following four new corticolous Lecanorales are described from Rondônia: Calopadia granulosa with a granular, corticate thallus and ascospores 1 per ascus, 33–38×10·5–13·0 µm; Crustospathula amazonica with irregularly capitate to nearly globose, c. 0·2–0·4 mm diam. soralia on cartilaginous stalks; Flavoparmelia plicata with a thallus containing usnic and protocetraric acids, with laminal, irregular, globose to cylindrical isidia which are often easily abraded and showing the whitish medulla, but not sorediate or postulate; Physcidia striata with ascending squamules, without hypothallus, often with laminal isidia in defined areas towards lobe tips of some, usually sterile lobes, and often with biatorine apothecia with ascospores simple to 1-septate, (6·2–)7·5–10·0×(2·5–)3·0–3·5 µm. In the whole lichen flora of the lowland rainforest region of Rondônia, the following traits can be discerned: foliose lichens amount to only 17 species (2·7% of nearly 600), 33 (5·5%) are squamulose, while the vast majority (91·8%) are crustose. Cyanobacteria are present in only 6 (1%) species. A chlorococcoid alga present in c. 100 (16%), 12 of which (2%) have a myrmecioid alga. The remainder of the species, a staggering 83%, have trentepohlioid alga, including 6 (1%) with Phycopeltis. In neotropical lowland rainforest, the vast majority of the lichens are crustose and contain a trentepohlioid alga, and the Arthoniales, Graphidaceae and pyrenocarpous lichens are the main groups, each accounting for roughly a quarter of the lichen biodiversity.

Two new Crypthonia species and a new Syncesia from Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, NE Brazil (Ascomycota: Arthoniales), with a key to Crypthonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Anjos MENEZES ◽  
Amanda Barreto XAVIER-LEITE ◽  
Katia Almeida de JESUS ◽  
André APTROOT ◽  
Marcela Eugenia da Silva CÁCERES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Small Genus ◽  
Lichen Flora ◽  
Chapada Do Araripe

AbstractTwo new species of the small genus Crypthonia are described from the Chapada do Araripe, an isolated table mountain in the state of Ceará, in NE Brazil. Both share the thallus and ascoma organization with the other known species of the genus, and are mainly characterized by differences in ascospores and chemistry. Crypthonia lichexanthonica A. A. Menezes, M. Cáceres & Aptroot has 7-septate ascospores and contains lichexanthone in the thallus, and C. submuriformis A. A. Menezes, M. Cáceres & Aptroot has (sub)muriform ascospores and also contains lichexanthone, but only in the ascigerous areas. A key to all known species of the genus Crypthonia is provided, in which Crypthonia olivacea Frisch & G. Thor is newly reported from Argentina. The new species Syncesia byssolomoides A. A. Menezes, M. Cáceres & Aptroot is described from the same area. It also has a thin byssoid thallus, but differs by the narrowly fusiform ascospores and by containing psoromic acid. It differs from all Syncesia species by the absence of carbonization and the presence of psoromic acid. The epiphytic lichen flora in this Caatinga forest area is dominated by crustose lichens, with Graphis and Polymeridium as the most speciose genera.

scholarly journals The Importance of Sorediate Crustose Lichens in the Epiphytic Lichen Flora of the Swiss Plateau and the Pre-Alps

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dietrich ◽  
Christoph Scheidegger
Keyword(s):  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vegetative Propagules ◽  
Lichen Flora

AbstractStandardized lichen surveys were conducted on 849 trees in 132 ecological long-term observation plots in the Swiss Plateau and Pre-Alps: 262 lichen taxa were identified, 64 (24%) of them sorediate crustose species. Their mean percentage of the flora on individual trees and in individual plots was even higher. The mean percentage of crustose lichen species with vegetative propagules, such as soredia, was per plot significantly higher in the Pre-Alps than in the Plateau, higher in forest than in non-forest areas, and, according to the vegetation belts, lowest in the colline-submontane zone. It was found that the biodiversity of lichens could not be determined without considering the sorediate crustose lichens. Furthermore, by performing standardized surveys of all taxa, the occurrence of the following species in Switzerland was confirmed for the first time: Cliostomum leprosum, Fuscidea arboricola, Fuscidea pusilla, Hypocenomyce leucococca, Hypocenomyce sorophora, Lecanora norvegica, Lepraria eburnea, Lepraria elobata, Lepraria jackii, Lepraria obtusatica, Lepraria rigidula, Pertusaria boreahs and Rinodina griseosoralifera. Seven taxa that displayed distinctive chemistry, could not yet be identified.

Lichens from the Utsteinen Nunatak (Sør Rondane Mountains, Antarctica), with the description of one new species and the establishment of permanent plots

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Ertz ◽  
André Aptroot ◽  
Bart Van de Vijver ◽  
Lucyna Sliwa ◽  
Coraline Moermans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Complete Survey ◽  
Antarctic Research ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Lichen Flora

In order to establish baseline environmental conditions at the Utsteinen Nunatak (Sør Rondane Mountains, Antarctica) chosen for the installation of the new Belgian Antarctic research station, a detailed survey of the different lichen species was performed in 2007. The establishment of permanent plots will allow the accurate monitoring of possible future impacts of human activities on the biodiversity and, on a long-term scale, to detect future climate changes. A complete survey of the lichen species was made for each of the 23 permanent plots of the Utsteinen Ridge. The abundance of each species within each plot was also evaluated. Exhaustive lists of lichens were also completed for other parts of the Utsteinen Nunatak. Additionally, historic collections from the same area were revised.            A total of twenty-three lichen species and two lichenicolous fungi was detected in the recent samples whereas the historic material yielded three additional species. These results raise the  total number of known taxa for the Sør Rondane Mountains from ten to 28, despite the small area investigated. Trapelia antarctica is described as new to science.  Buellia bastini is synonymized with Buellia nelsonii and Lecidea autenboeri is synonymized with Carbonea vorticosa. The lichen flora of Utsteinen is made of a high percentage (48%) of Antarctic endemics.            Lichens were abundantly present on the Utsteinen Ridge. The numbers of species per plot varied from one to 18 with an average of ten. The detailed grid map for the Utsteinen Ridge will be useful in monitoring future changes in lichen population and diversity. Five plots presented the richest lichen flora and need therefore careful protection against any future human activities.

Local Policy for a Protected Environmental Area Management: The Case of Limiting Motorized Vehicles in Park of Canigou in Pyrenées Orientales

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Local Levels

“We regard the recent science –based consensual reports that climate change is, to a large extend, caused by human activities that emit green houses as tenable, Such activities range from air traffic, with a global reach over industrial belts and urban conglomerations to local small, scale energy use for heating homes and mowing lawns. This means that effective climate strategies inevitably also require action all the way from global to local levels. Since the majority of those activities originate at the local level and involve individual action, however, climate strategies must literally begin at home to hit home.”

Levels taxation countries the EU and Ukraine’s

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-160
Author(s):  
Helena Borzenko ◽  
Tamara Panfilova ◽  
Mikhail Litvin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Improvement Process ◽  
Tax Systems ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Eu

Purpose articles rassm and experience and benefits systems taxation countries European Union, manifestation iti the main limitations domestic taxlegislation and wired STI their comparisons. In general iti ways the provisiontax reporting countries Eurozone in the appropriate organs, dove STI need theintroduction Ukraine electronic methods receiving and processing such reports.define iti key directions reforming domestic tax legislation. Methodology research is to use aggregate methods: dialectical, statistical, historical, comparative. Scientific novelty is to are provided recommendations for improvement ofefficiency systems taxation of our states in international ratings characterizingtax institutions country. Therefore, despite some problems in legislation heldcomparative study systems taxation EU and Ukraine. Conclucions Coming fromof this, the main directions reforming tax systems Ukraine, in our opinion,today should become: improvement process administration, reduce scales evasiontaxes, provision more uniform distribution tax burden between taxpayers, themaximum cooperation tax bodies different levels as well adjustment systemselectronic interactions tax authorities and payers, tax system must contain ascan less unfounded benefits, consistent with the general by politics pricing.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Riverbed and Surrounding Environment in Yongding River (Beijing section) in the Past 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40407-1-40407-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Yongding River

Abstract Yongding River is one of the five major river systems in Beijing. It is located to the west of Beijing. It has influenced culture along its basin. The river supports both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, it influences economic development, water conservation, and the natural environment. However, during the past few decades, due to the combined effect of increasing population and economic activities, a series of changes have led to problems such as the reduction in water volume and the exposure of the riverbed. In this study, remote sensing images were used to derive land cover maps and compare spatiotemporal changes during the past 40 years. As a result, the following data were found: forest changed least; cropland area increased to a large extent; bareland area was reduced by a maximum of 63%; surface water area in the study area was lower from 1989 to 1999 because of the excessive use of water in human activities, but it increased by 92% from 2010 to 2018 as awareness about protecting the environment arose; there was a small increase in the built-up area, but this was more planned. These results reveal that water conservancy construction, agroforestry activities, and increasing urbanization have a great impact on the surrounding environment of the Yongding River (Beijing section). This study discusses in detail how the current situation can be attributed to of human activities, policies, economic development, and ecological conservation Furthermore, it suggests improvement by strengthening the governance of the riverbed and the riverside. These results and discussion can be a reference and provide decision support for the management of southwest Beijing or similar river basins in peri-urban areas.

Statistical Justification of Pearson's Criterion for Testing a Complex Hypothesis on the Uniform Distribution

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
T. V. Oblakova
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Random Number Generator ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Pearson Criterion ◽  
Complex Hypothesis ◽  
Uniform Law

The paper is studying the justification of the Pearson criterion for checking the hypothesis on the uniform distribution of the general totality. If the distribution parameters are unknown, then estimates of the theoretical frequencies are used [1, 2, 3]. In this case the quantile of the chi-square distribution with the number of degrees of freedom, reduced by the number of parameters evaluated, is used to determine the upper threshold of the main hypothesis acceptance [7]. However, in the case of a uniform law, the application of Pearson's criterion does not extend to complex hypotheses, since the likelihood function does not allow differentiation with respect to parameters, which is used in the proof of the theorem mentioned [7, 10, 11].A statistical experiment is proposed in order to study the distribution of Pearson statistics for samples from a uniform law. The essence of the experiment is that at first a statistically significant number of one-type samples from a given uniform distribution is modeled, then for each sample Pearson statistics are calculated, and then the law of distribution of the totality of these statistics is studied. Modeling and processing of samples were performed in the Mathcad 15 package using the built-in random number generator and array processing facilities.In all the experiments carried out, the hypothesis that the Pearson statistics conform to the chi-square law was unambiguously accepted (confidence level 0.95). It is also statistically proved that the number of degrees of freedom in the case of a complex hypothesis need not be corrected. That is, the maximum likelihood estimates of the uniform law parameters implicitly used in calculating Pearson statistics do not affect the number of degrees of freedom, which is thus determined by the number of grouping intervals only.

An Exploration of Elements of Folklore in Ntuli’s Translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Masubelele
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Story Pattern

 The telling of stories forms an integral part of human activities. It dominated pre-modern cultures and is still a human preoccupation today. All aspects of human life may be turned into a story, which may take one of many forms. Stories may be original creations in the language and culture in which they are told, or they may be derived—that is, they may be taken from another language and culture. Whatever the case, the people who are telling or retelling the story pattern the language they use in a manner that will arouse interest in their audience. It is against the backdrop of retelling stories that this article examines Ntuli’s use of elements of folklore in his translation of Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom. The elements to be explored in Ntuli’s translation include proverbs and idioms. Gottschall’s notion of The storytelling animal underpins the discussions in this article. Accordingly, the article demonstrates how the use of the elements of folklore helped the translator to adorn his work in order to assert his presence in the text and to relate the receptor to modes of behaviour relevant to their culture. 

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