scholarly journals Formowanie się flory porostów na słomianych strzechach budynków [Formation of lichen flora on straw-thatched roofs]

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 73-113
Author(s):  
Ludwik Lipnicki
Keyword(s):  
Population Process ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Lowland Forests ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Lichen Flora

The thesis includes the results of over ten years' research and observations of lichens on the straw-thatched roofs. The research sites were the villages located inside and on the edge of the vast lowland forests in Poland. The thatched roofs made of straw, which has been laid out for 1–50 years, were examined. Duration of the population process and quantitative changes of pioneering lichens were analysed. The following phases of the initial stage of formation of lichen flora were distinguished and characterized: the phase of occurrence of crustose lichens ('the straw thatch'), the phase of expansion of cup-moss ('the cup-moss thatch') and the phase of a shared domination of lichens and mosses ('the grey-green thatch'). The morphological and ecological features of pioneering lichens were revealed.

scholarly journals Kształtowanie się flory porostów zasiedlających głazy narzutowe [Formation of lichen flora populating erratic blocks]

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 5-38
Author(s):  
Ludwik Lipnicki
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Population Process ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Epilithic Lichens ◽  
Lichen Flora

The thesis includes the results of over ten years' research and observations of the population process of epilithic lichens on the newly exposed surfaces of erratic boulders. The research was carried out in the 'Kręgi Kamienne' Archaeological and Nature Reserve located in the Tucholskie Forest (N Poland). The thesis presents the seąuence of population and the quantitative changes of pioneering lichens. The following phases of initial stage of succession, which have lasted for at least 30 years, were distinguished and characterized: the phase of pulverulent lichens, the beginning phase of <em>Lecidea fuscoatra</em> domination and the phase of boulders population by <em>Porpidia</em> and <em>Rhizocarpon</em> genera species. The optimal stage was specified on the basis of initial population of foliose lichens and formation of epilithic lichen associations.

scholarly journals The lichen flora of the Malbork Castle (N. Polami)

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Beata Guzow
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Lichen Flora

In the present study 32 species of lichens were found. The most numerous were crustose lichens. which are typical of rocks. The follwing species which are known to occur rarely in Poland were identified: <i>Acarospora</i> cf. <i>umbibilicata</i> and <i>Lecidella</i> cf. <i>carpathica</i>. Two species of the genus <i>Lepraria</i> were also noted; among them <i>Lepraria caesioalba</i> had not been reported previously from Poland. The non-uniform distribution of lichens in the castle area, mainly the presence of "lichen deserts" was. probably associated with human activities. The most frequent occurring lichens were synanthropic, easily spreading species, e.g. <i>Caloplaca citrina, Lecanora albescens</i> and <i>L. dispersa</i>.

Application of Light Microscopy to Direct Coal Liquefaction Research

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino A. Irdi ◽  
Robert P. Warzinski ◽  
Harold B. Booher
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Coal Particle ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Direct Coal Liquefaction ◽  
Lower Reflectance

Light microscopy was used to analyze the effects of added catalyst at different conditions (temperature and reaction times) in liquefaction testing of a low pyritic sulfur bituminous coal. Quantitative changes in vitrinite/vitroplast reflectance of coal and liquefaction residues were shown to be useful markers in analyzing and understanding the role of catalyst during the initial stage of coal particle hydrogenation. Lower reflectance values corresponded to increased conversions up to about the 60 min and 375°C experimental conditions. Microscopical observation of liquefaction residues also revealed the presence of “wall scales” of varying width.

A key to the corticolous microfoliose, foliose and related crustose lichens from Rondônia, Brazil, with the description of four new species

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
André APTROOT ◽  
Marcela Eugenia da Silva CÁCERES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pyrenocarpous Lichens ◽  
Lowland Rainforest ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Lichen Flora

AbstractA key is given to the foliose and squamulose lichens known so far from Rondônia, including also corticolous crustose lichens with a chlorococcoid alga. The foliicolous Lecanorales found are also listed. The following four new corticolous Lecanorales are described from Rondônia: Calopadia granulosa with a granular, corticate thallus and ascospores 1 per ascus, 33–38×10·5–13·0 µm; Crustospathula amazonica with irregularly capitate to nearly globose, c. 0·2–0·4 mm diam. soralia on cartilaginous stalks; Flavoparmelia plicata with a thallus containing usnic and protocetraric acids, with laminal, irregular, globose to cylindrical isidia which are often easily abraded and showing the whitish medulla, but not sorediate or postulate; Physcidia striata with ascending squamules, without hypothallus, often with laminal isidia in defined areas towards lobe tips of some, usually sterile lobes, and often with biatorine apothecia with ascospores simple to 1-septate, (6·2–)7·5–10·0×(2·5–)3·0–3·5 µm. In the whole lichen flora of the lowland rainforest region of Rondônia, the following traits can be discerned: foliose lichens amount to only 17 species (2·7% of nearly 600), 33 (5·5%) are squamulose, while the vast majority (91·8%) are crustose. Cyanobacteria are present in only 6 (1%) species. A chlorococcoid alga present in c. 100 (16%), 12 of which (2%) have a myrmecioid alga. The remainder of the species, a staggering 83%, have trentepohlioid alga, including 6 (1%) with Phycopeltis. In neotropical lowland rainforest, the vast majority of the lichens are crustose and contain a trentepohlioid alga, and the Arthoniales, Graphidaceae and pyrenocarpous lichens are the main groups, each accounting for roughly a quarter of the lichen biodiversity.

Two new Crypthonia species and a new Syncesia from Chapada do Araripe, Ceará, NE Brazil (Ascomycota: Arthoniales), with a key to Crypthonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Anjos MENEZES ◽  
Amanda Barreto XAVIER-LEITE ◽  
Katia Almeida de JESUS ◽  
André APTROOT ◽  
Marcela Eugenia da Silva CÁCERES
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
Small Genus ◽  
Lichen Flora ◽  
Chapada Do Araripe

AbstractTwo new species of the small genus Crypthonia are described from the Chapada do Araripe, an isolated table mountain in the state of Ceará, in NE Brazil. Both share the thallus and ascoma organization with the other known species of the genus, and are mainly characterized by differences in ascospores and chemistry. Crypthonia lichexanthonica A. A. Menezes, M. Cáceres & Aptroot has 7-septate ascospores and contains lichexanthone in the thallus, and C. submuriformis A. A. Menezes, M. Cáceres & Aptroot has (sub)muriform ascospores and also contains lichexanthone, but only in the ascigerous areas. A key to all known species of the genus Crypthonia is provided, in which Crypthonia olivacea Frisch & G. Thor is newly reported from Argentina. The new species Syncesia byssolomoides A. A. Menezes, M. Cáceres & Aptroot is described from the same area. It also has a thin byssoid thallus, but differs by the narrowly fusiform ascospores and by containing psoromic acid. It differs from all Syncesia species by the absence of carbonization and the presence of psoromic acid. The epiphytic lichen flora in this Caatinga forest area is dominated by crustose lichens, with Graphis and Polymeridium as the most speciose genera.

scholarly journals Evolution of Robert Bridges’ Style Through the Lens of Metaphor

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Oksana Kolokol’nikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
English Poet ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Statics And Dynamics ◽  
Stable Part ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Developing Area ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Style

The study of the author’s individual style is an intensively developing area of modern linguistics. Currently, the author’s individual style is considered as a system characterized by both statics and dynamics. Metaphors are some of the most reliable markers of individual style, since they give an idea of the writer’s personality and mental worldview. This article analyses the individual style in the lyric poetry of Robert Bridges, an outstanding English poet of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The obtained results made it possible to establish that the stable part of Bridges’ individual style is a set of concepts forming his conceptual sphere as well as the central opposition of his oeuvre: the microcosm–macrocosm opposition. The varying characteristics of Bridges’ individual style are the ranks of concepts, changes in which are associated with a shift in the focus of the author’s attention and transformation in his worldview. The quantitative changes in Bridges’ later lyric poems compared to the early ones include a growing share of negatively coloured vocabulary and number of substantive metaphors, as well as an increasing variety of metaphorization of certain concepts. The main trends in Bridges’ individual style transformation are the tendency towards compensation, manifesting itself in various aspects of metaphorization, and the tendency towards simplification and concretization. The analysis of the evolution of Bridges’ metaphorical system showed that at the initial stage of his writing, he is equally interested in both the inner world of a person and the outside world, while in his later lyric poems Bridges focuses on the outside world, in particular, society.

scholarly journals The Importance of Sorediate Crustose Lichens in the Epiphytic Lichen Flora of the Swiss Plateau and the Pre-Alps

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dietrich ◽  
Christoph Scheidegger
Keyword(s):  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Crustose Lichens ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vegetative Propagules ◽  
Lichen Flora

AbstractStandardized lichen surveys were conducted on 849 trees in 132 ecological long-term observation plots in the Swiss Plateau and Pre-Alps: 262 lichen taxa were identified, 64 (24%) of them sorediate crustose species. Their mean percentage of the flora on individual trees and in individual plots was even higher. The mean percentage of crustose lichen species with vegetative propagules, such as soredia, was per plot significantly higher in the Pre-Alps than in the Plateau, higher in forest than in non-forest areas, and, according to the vegetation belts, lowest in the colline-submontane zone. It was found that the biodiversity of lichens could not be determined without considering the sorediate crustose lichens. Furthermore, by performing standardized surveys of all taxa, the occurrence of the following species in Switzerland was confirmed for the first time: Cliostomum leprosum, Fuscidea arboricola, Fuscidea pusilla, Hypocenomyce leucococca, Hypocenomyce sorophora, Lecanora norvegica, Lepraria eburnea, Lepraria elobata, Lepraria jackii, Lepraria obtusatica, Lepraria rigidula, Pertusaria boreahs and Rinodina griseosoralifera. Seven taxa that displayed distinctive chemistry, could not yet be identified.

Masonhalea richardsonii (Parmeliaceae) — the first record for the lichen flora of Kamchatka

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
D. E. Himelbrant ◽  
V. Yu. Neshataev
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Sredinny Range ◽  
Lichen Flora

Masonhalea richardsonii (Hook.) Karnefelt, red listed lichen in Russia is firstly recorded for Kamchatka Peninsula (Sredinny Range, Kopyl’yo and Aga rivers basins). Main characters and ecological features of the species are described. Preliminary evaluation of present state of M. richardsonii population and its limiting factors are provided.

Expression of laminin and beta-1 integrin in embryonic, neonatal, and adult rat heart

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
R.L. Price ◽  
T.K. Borg ◽  
L. Terracio ◽  
M. Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cytoplasmic Face ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Basement Membrane Component ◽  
Beta 1 Integrin ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Cytoskeletal Elements ◽  
External Face

Little is known about the temporal expression of extracellular matrix components (ECM) and its receptors during development of the heart. Recent reports have shown that ECM components undergo both qualitative and quantitative changes during development, and it is believed that ECM components are important in the regulation of cell migration and cell:cell and cell:ECM recognition and adhesion.Integrins are transmembrane glycoproteins which bind several ECM components on their external face and cytoskeletal elements on the cytoplasmic face. Laminin is a basement membrane component which has been recognized as an important site for cell adhesion. Both the integrins and laminin are expressed early in development and continue to be expressed in the adult heart. With their documented roles in cell recognition, and cell:cell and cell:ECM migration and adhesion these proteins appear to be important components in development of the heart, and their temporal expression may play a pivotal role in morphogenesis and myofibrillogenesis of the heart.

Reaction couples of ceramic thin films prepared by CVD

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 798-799
Author(s):  
D.W. Susnitzky ◽  
S.R. Summerfelt ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
Kinetics Studies ◽  
Ceramic Thin Films ◽  
Initial Stage

Solid-state reactions have traditionally been studied in the form of diffusion couples. This ‘bulk’ approach has been modified, for the specific case of the reaction between NiO and Al2O3, by growing NiAl2O4 (spinel) from electron-transparent Al2O3 TEM foils which had been exposed to NiO vapor at 1415°C. This latter ‘thin-film’ approach has been used to characterize the initial stage of spinel formation and to produce clean phase boundaries since further TEM preparation is not required after the reaction is completed. The present study demonstrates that chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) can be used to deposit NiO particles, with controlled size and spatial distributions, onto Al2O3 TEM specimens. Chemical reactions do not occur during the deposition process, since CVD is a relatively low-temperature technique, and thus the NiO-Al2O3 interface can be characterized. Moreover, a series of annealing treatments can be performed on the same sample which allows both Ni0-NiAl2O4 and NiAl2O4-Al2O3 interfaces to be characterized and which therefore makes this technique amenable to kinetics studies of thin-film reactions.

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