Study of Parameters Affecting the Aging of Transformer Oil

An electricity board acquires several transformers from a manufacturer in a belief that their advertised lifetime of the transformer thus purchased is true. However, they don’t take in the case of negligence in maintenance of transformer, which is a strenuous job. The advertised thirty-year lifetime is reduced to a mere two-year lifetime, mainly because of the degradation of the insulation medium (Transformer oil), thus increasing losses in the transformer and decreasing its efficiency. The degradation of transformer oil leads to safety hazards like transformer bursting, consequently forcing the electricity board to replace the transformer, thus incurring huge amount of costs. This is the most relatable problem faced by the electricity board in every state. This research work aims at listing out various properties of transformer oil and ascertaining major impurities in a transformer oil by testing it using various techniques. The proposed work deals with long term observation and analysis of transformer oil to determine its degradation rate. Breakdown voltage, Moisture content, Resistivity, Acidity, Furan Analysis and Dissolved Gas Analysis were done using Mushroom electrodes, Karl Fischer Titration test, Tan delta test, Potassium Hydroxide Titration, High performance liquid chromatography, and dissolved gas analyzer respectively. The results reveal that, deviation of Breakdown Voltage, Moisture content, and 2-Furaldehyde (1197ppb) from the permissible limits can indicate the aging of the transformer.

Potential Therapeutic Application of Regulatory T Cells in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

The autoimmune reaction against the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients is active in prediabetes and during the development of the clinical manifestation of T1DM, but it decreases within a few years of the clinical manifestation of this disease. A key role in the pathogenesis of T1DM is played by regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency or dysfunction. Immune interventions, such as potential therapeutic applications or the induction of the Treg-cell population in T1DM, will be important in the development of new types of treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate innovative immune interventions as treatments for T1DM. After an evaluation of full-length papers from the PubMed database from 2010 to 2021, 20 trials were included for the final analysis. The analysis led to the following conclusions: Treg cells play an important role in the limitation of the development of T1DM, the activation or application of Tregs may be more effective in the early stages of T1DM development, and the therapeutic use of Treg cells in T1DM is promising but requires long-term observation in a large group of patients.

EFFECT OF QUERСETIN AND CHLORHEXIDINE-DENT ON CHANGES IN PERIODONTIC TISSUES IN CHILDREN LIVING IN ENVIRONMENTALLY POLLUTED REGIONS OF PRECARPATHIAN REGIONS

The aim of the research is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Precarpathian, by adding to the complex therapy of quercetin and chlorhexidine dent. The results of research by a number of scientists indicate that the use of quercetin in complex therapy helps to restore the antioxidant system, improve oxygen uptake by tissues and peripheral circulation, improve the rheological properties of the patient's blood. These properties of the drug were used by us in the research. We studied changes in periodontal tissues in children living in ecologically favorable conditions and in ecologically polluted regions of Precarpathian, conducted a comparative characterization of changes in periodontium and proposed a treatment plan for patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, supplemented with chlorhexidine dent and quercetin. We examined 60 children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis living in the contaminated areas of Precarpathian (Burshtyn) and 15 people with intact periodontium living in environmentally stable conditions. All patients underwent a full range of treatment measures, taking into account the removal of dental plaque and rehabilitation of the oral cavity. In 1 group of patients (30 people) patients were treated with chlorhexidine, calendula and chamomile infusion and 1% mefenamine paste. Patients of group 2 (30 people) - the drug quercetin on the mucous membrane of the gums under the individual gingival cap and chlorhexidine dent in the form of oral baths. In order to compare the two groups, an index assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues and a study of rheographic parameters of periodontal tissues were performed. The results of the research did not show a significant difference between clinical and laboratory parameters in patients 1 and 2 groups before treatment (p> 0.05), but they differed significantly from those in the comparison group (p <0.05), which indicates the fact that unfavorable environmental living conditions have an impact on the course of periodontal disease in children. We obtained a significant difference in the blood supply to periodontal tissues in patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis compared with (p <0.05). The results of the research showed that the use of quercetin and 0.12% chlorhexidine solution in the complex treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis provided a significant improvement in clinical parameters and laboratory characteristics of periodontal tissues in children living in different environmental conditions, and provided stabilization of these indicators in long-term observation. The use of the proposed scheme of treatment of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis stimulates metabolic processes in periodontal tissues, reduces cyanosis, edema of periodontal tissues according to the results of rheography of periodontal tissues. After treatment, we observe the normalization of the rheological characteristics of the gums, which indicates an improvement in blood circulation in the periodontal tissues in these patients (normalization of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of rheograms).

Long-Term Observation of the Quasi-3-Hour Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances by the Oblique-Incidence Ionosonde Network in North China

The oblique-incidence ionosonde network in North China is a very unique system for regional ionospheric observation. It contains 5 transmitters and 20 receivers, and it has 99 ionospheric observation points between 22.40° N and 33.19° N geomagnetic latitudes. The data of the ionosonde network were used to investigate the statistical characteristics of the quasi-3-h large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs). From September 2009 to August 2011, 157 cases of the quiet-time LSTIDs were recorded; 110 cases traveled southward, 46 cases traveled southwestward and only 1 case traveled southeastward. The LSTIDs mainly appeared between 10:00 and 19:00 LT in the months from September to the following May. We compared the data of the Beijing, Mohe and Yakutsk digisondes and found that the LSTIDs are most likely to come from the northern auroral region. These LSTIDs may be induced by the atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) and presented obvious seasonal and diurnal varying features, indicating that the thermospheric wind field has played an important role.

Long-term Observation After Transplantation of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells for Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction

Background At present, corneal transplantation is still the only way to treat serious corneal diseases caused by corneal endothelial dysfunction. However, the shortage of donor cornea tissues and human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) remains a worldwide challenge. We cultivated HCECs by the use of a conditioned medium from orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASC-CM) in vitro. Then the HCECs were used to treat animal corneal endothelial dysfunction models via cell transplantation. The initial effect was gratifying. The purpose of this study was to conduct a long-term observation and evaluation after cell transplantation. Methods First, orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs) were isolated to prepare conditioned medium (CM). Then HCECs were cultivated and expanded by the usage of CM (CM-HCECs). Related CEC markers were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Cells proliferation ability was also tested. CM-HCECs were then transplanted into monkey corneal endothelial dysfunction models by cell injection. We carried out a 24-month postoperative preclinical observation and verified the long-term effect by histological examination and transcriptome sequencing. Results CM-HCECs expressed HCEC related markers and maintained polygonal cell morphology after several passages. During 24 months of cell transplantation into the monkey's anterior chamber, the cornea thickness and transparency kept healthy status, and the corneal endothelial cell density remained in the normal range. Gene sequencing showed that the gene expression pattern of CM-HCECs was similar to that of transplanted cells and HCECs. Conclusions The proliferation and repair ability of HCECs were significantly improved due to the effect of OASC-CM. The result of this study confirmed long-term therapeutic efficacy of CM-HCECs in vivo. Our research provided an extensive cell source and a promising prospect for regenerative medicine and cell-based therapy.

The Role of Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Phenobarbital in a Child with Cholestasis: A Longitudinal Study

BACKGROUND: Cholestasis is a condition that starts in the 1st months of life and progresses with direct (conjugated) bilirubin increase and jaundice as a result of impaired bile production or excretion. Its incidence is known as 1 in 2500 live births. This study shows the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and phenobarbital in infant cholestasis treatment. CASE REPORT: A 28-days-old boy came with a complaint of yellow eyes. At the age of 3 days, the patient looked yellow, had a fever and difficulty drinking, received phototherapy. After 2 weeks of treatment with neonatal sepsis, the patient was discharged in a stable. The skin appears yellow. The laboratory results show anemia, elevated conjugated bilirubin, and signs of infection; the abdominal ultrasonography shows that the liver and gallbladder were normal. The diagnosis is cholestasis due to sepsis. After 3 months of treatment with UDCA and phenobarbital, jaundiced disappeared, and liver function tests were normal. When the patient is 2 ½ years old, the growth and development suit his age. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis and timely treatment of UDCA and phenobarbital play a role in cholestasis improvement. On long-term observation, the child’s growth and development are suitable according to his age and average laboratory results.

Emotional Introspection: The Politics and Challenges of Contemporary Migration Research

Field-based research increasingly involves working in complex, sometimes insecure, and often emotionally challenging situations. While most researchers are trained in issues pertaining to security, ethics, and responsibility, less preparation goes into the emotional aspects of conducting fieldwork and, upon return, dealing with the retrospective processing of often hard real-life experiences in our analysis and writing. Based on long-term observation and more recent systematic interviews with colleagues who all have worked in emotionally challenging situations, this chapter discusses the particularities of doing migration research in times of stricter migration policy and practice. Special emphasis is put on the institutional cultures and structures surrounding our research, the implications of emotions in the field, and the unequal relationship between the people being studied and the local co-researchers with a view to what can be done prior to, during and after going to the field to maintain both security and emotional engagement, to “do no harm”, and to avoid occupational hazards of burnout, compassion fatigue or secondary traumatic stress among those involved.