scholarly journals Bffects of foliar fungicides on the mycoflora of glumes of Triticum aestivum

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Untreated Plant ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Petri Dishes

In the years 1983-1984. the effect of three foliar fungicides, i.e.. Bayleton 25 WP. Dithane M-45 and Funaben K on the mycoflora associated with glumus of spring <i>Tritieum aestivum</i> cv. Kolibri cultivated in the field was investigated. During each vegetative period, glumes were collected in the milky ripe of seeds. Fungi species associated with glumes were determined based of colonies isolated from glumes incubated in Petri dishes with potato glucose agar. The fungicide which reduced the most the overall number of fungal isolates was Bayleton 25 WP. The number of species was most reduced following Dithane M-45 application. The mycoflora of glumes which had been untreated and treated with fungicides was compared with fungicides-treated and fungicide-untreated seeds and leaves. The highest similarity in the mycoflora of fungicide-untreated plant parts was found when glumes and seeds were compared. The mycoflora of fungicide-treated glumes, leaves, and seeds varied. depending on the year and fungicide applied.

Multivariate analyses of indigenous bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces of Oman

2021 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Ali Hussain Al Lawati ◽  
Saleem Kaseemsaheb Nadaf ◽  
Nadiya Abubakar Al Saady ◽  
Saleh Ali Al Hinai ◽  
Almandhar Almamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
D Values

Oman is endowed with enormous diversity of important food crops that have global significance for food security and has ancient history of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with its divergent landraces, which are useful in crop improvement. 55 indigenous Omani accessions conserved at the USDA were evaluated in the winter season (November to April) of the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 on loamy soil under sprinklers in augmented design with 5 check varieties in 5 replications following crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations using 9 quantitative (descriptors) and 6 qualitative traits (anthocyanin pigmentation on plant parts). The data on traits were subjected not only for PC values and D values after varimax rotation through Kaiser normalization in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) but also for Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The results indicated that indigenous bread wheat accessions were significantly different (p>0.05) for all the quantitative traits except number of tillers. The multivariate analyses led to formation of four diverse clusters from PCA analyses corresponding to four quadrants of bi-plot graphs and three clusters from AHC analysis corresponding to main clades of dendrogram. The parents were selected from common accessions of distinct clusters in all the multivariate analyses for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with pigmentation on one or two plant parts useful for DUS test of varieties. The indigenous bread wheat landraces / accessions were genetically diverse and have potential for use in national crop improvement programs for earliness and higher grain productivity with distinct identification markers.

Differential Absorption and Translocation of Metribuzin by Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) and Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Devlin ◽  
David R. Gealy ◽  
Larry A. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Root Absorption ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Total Plant

Foliar and root absorption and translocation of metribuzin (4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one) by downy brome (Bromus tectorumL. # BROTE) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) was determined. After a 48-h absorption period, roots of three-week-old downy brome plants had absorbed two times more metribuzin on a total plant fresh weight basis than had roots of winter wheat. Root-absorbed metribuzin was translocated similarly regardless of species with 80% of absorbed14C accumulating in leaf blades, 10% in the leaf sheaths, and 10% in the roots. After 24 h, leaves of downy brome and winter wheat had absorbed, respectively, 26 and 36% of foliar-applied metribuzin, and absorption increased threefold with the addition of a nonionic surfactant. Translocation of foliar-absorbed metribuzin was primarily towards the apex of the treated leaf. No translocation from the treated leaf to other plant parts occurred with either species. The greater tolerance of winter wheat to metribuzin is due in part to less root absorption of metribuzin by winter wheat than by downy brome.

Growth cabinet studies into cold-tolerance of Festuca arundinacea populations: III. Cold tolerance of roots and shoots

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Thomas ◽  
Alec Lazenby
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Present Series ◽  
North African ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Untreated Plant

SUMMARYPlants of three populations of Festuca arundinacea, syn. 1 and syn. 2 (North African) and S. 170 (British) were subjected to 3 h cold stress treatments in the range 13–25 °F. Such treatments were applied independently to either roots or shoots, the untreated plant portions remaining at 35–40 F°.In all populations considerable tiller death occurred following exposure of roots to temperatures of 17 °F or below; however at no temperature was there complete killing of tillers. Tiller deaths occurred following shoot exposure to temperatures below 21 °F in syn. 1 and syn. 2, and below 19 °F in S. 170. Universal mortality occurred in all populations after shoot exposure to 13 °F.The degree of insulation of the root: shoot junctions affected survival of both roots and shoots in all populations. Discrepancies between apparent damage to plant parts following treatment, and subsequent survival, suggested that the ability of plants to replace damaged parts might influence survival.Conclusions are included from the completed programme of growth cabinet studies on cold tolerance of F. arundinacea populations reported in the present series of papers.

scholarly journals The olive tree: a paradigm for drought tolerance in Mediterranean climates

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 2811-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sofo ◽  
S. Manfreda ◽  
B. Dichio ◽  
M. Fiorentino ◽  
C. Xiloyannis
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is commonly grown in the Mediterranean basin where prolonged droughts may occur during the vegetative period. This species has developed a series of physiological mechanisms to tolerate drought stress and grow under adverse climatic conditions that can be observed in numerous plants of the Mediterranean macchia. These mechanisms have been investigated through an experimental campaign carried out over both irrigated and drought-stressed plants in order to comprehend the plant response under stressed conditions and its ability to recover. Experimental results show that olive plants subjected to water deficit lower the water content and water potentials of their tissues, establishing a particularly high potential gradient between leaves and roots, and stop canopy growth but not photosynthetic activity and transpiration. This allows the continuous production of assimilates as well as their accumulation in the various plant parts, so creating a higher root/leaf ratio if compared to well-watered plants. Active and passive osmotic adjustment due to the accumulation of sugars (in particular mannitol and glucose), proline and other osmolytes has a key role in maintaining cell turgor and leaf activities. At severe drought-stress levels, the non-stomatal component of photosynthesis is inhibited and a light-dependent inactivation of the photosystem II occurs. Finally, the activities of some antioxidant enzymes involved in the scavenging of activated oxygen species and in other biochemical pathways, increase during a period of drought. The present paper provides an overview of the driving mechanisms adopted by olive trees to face drought stress with the aim of better understand plant-soil interactions.

scholarly journals The responsiveness of Triticum aestivum L. variety for inoculation by cells of endophytic strains Bacillus subtilis.

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Z. M. Kuramshina ◽  
R. M. Khairullin ◽  
Yu. V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Stimulation Of

In this study, we tested the effect of two strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D and 11ВМ on three varieties of wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Omskaya 35, Kazakhstanskaya 10 (spring), Volzhskaya qualitative (winter).The peculiarity of the plants response to endophytic inoculation depended on the strain of the microorganism, the concentration of cells in the preparation, and the variety of wheat during the experiment in Petri dishes. Both strains showed a strong growth-stimulating effect when seed was inoculated with suspensions of bacteria with a concentration of 106 cells/ml. There was no effect when seed cells were inoculated with bacteria at a concentration of 109 cells / ml. Plants varieties Omskaya 35 were most responsive to inoculation with endophytes. The variety was well responsive to the inoculation of bacteria cells at different concentrations. The variety Volzhskaya quality had the least growth stimulation. Plants of this variety responded well when grown in soil, unlike experiments in Petri dishes. The variety Kazakhstanskaya 10 was less responsive when growing plants in Petri dishes. There was no difference between the size of the shoots of inoculated and non-inoculated plants of the variety Kazakh 10, only stimulation of root growth was observed. It was concluded that there is a pronounced responsiveness of wheat varieties to the effect of endophytic strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D the basis of biofungicide (Fitosporin-M) and this must be considered when using biofungicide for wheat cultivation.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ultramolecular Aqueous Dilutions on a Wheat Germination Model as a Function of Heat and Aging-Time

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Brizzi ◽  
Vittorio Elia ◽  
Grazia Trebbi ◽  
Daniele Nani ◽  
Maurizio Peruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Germinated Seeds

This study evaluates the effects of temperature and aging on the efficacy of As2O3at the 45th decimal potency in a wheat germination model, compared against a control and potentized H2O 45×. Each treatment-temperature combination was tested on seeds (Triticum aestivumL.) of Pandas variety, using six Petri dishes (33 seeds/dish) per trial, performing eight trials. Seeds were pre-treated by poisoning with 0.1% As2O3solution to reduce germination, to allow a better evaluation of homeopathic treatment effects. The outcome variable was the number of non-germinated seeds after 96 h. Temperature effect was investigated by heating each treatment in a water bath for 30 min (at 20, 40 or 70°C), or for 5 min (at 100°C), and that of aging by dividing experimental data, collected over a period of nearly five months, into two groups: early and late experiments. Results seem to show that the efficacy of As2O345× is unaltered at 20 and 40°C, increases at 70°C and decreases at 100°C. As regards aging, a notable difference was found between early trials, with no significant efficacy, and late trials, where As2O345× exhibits a repeated significant effect versus control, except at 100°C. A reduction in variability was observed for As2O345× at 20°C versus control, confirming the findings of previous work. The main conclusion suggested by this experiment is that the efficacy of As2O345× on wheat germination may be influenced by heating degree and seems to have an increasing trend as a function of aging.

Postanthesis biomass accumulation and respiration in shaded and unshaded wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020
Author(s):  
S. Pararajasingham ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Respiration Coefficient

Respiration significantly influences the carbon balance of a crop. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), biomass equivalent to between 40 and 75% final grain mass can be lost through shoot respiration during grain fill. This study examines the relationship between changes in biomass and respiration of the aboveground plant parts of shaded and unshaded wheat during grain fill. Two spring wheat cultivars, Max and Katepwa, were grown indoors with and without shade, and various biomass components and aboveground CO2 efflux rates were determined from anthesis to maturity. Maximum leaf biomass in Max was attained prior to anthesis while in unshaded Katepwa plants leaf biomass increased up to 35 d after anthesis. The stem changed from functioning as a source and became a sink 28 and 35 d after anthesis in the control plants of Max and Katepwa, respectively. The effect of shading on spike growth became apparent two weeks after anthesis. The CO2 efflux rate for unshaded Max and Katepwa plants declined significantly from 279 to 122 and from 210 to 141 mg CO2 plant−1 d−1, respectively, from anthesis through to maturity. Imposition of shade resulted in significantly lower CO2 efflux rates compared to the unshaded plants. Shade, however, exerted no influence on the estimated maintenance respiration coefficient (m) of a two component respiration model, although this coefficient declined 88% in Max throughout grain fill and declined up to 14 d after anthesis and remained stable thereafter in Katepwa. It was concluded, therefore, that shading affects total respiration through its impact on growth, but exerts no direct effect on the basic pattern of change in maintenance respiration during grainfill. Key words: Biomass accumulation, respiration rate, maintenance respiration coefficient, Triticum aestivum L.

scholarly journals Activity in vitro of fungal conidia of Duddingtonia flagrans and Monacrosporium thaumasium on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae

2010 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Silva ◽  
J.V. Araújo ◽  
F.R. Braga ◽  
C.D.F. Alves ◽  
L.N. Frassy
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Baermann Method

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34a) on Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3) in two experimental assays (A and B). In assay A, two treatments and one control were formed and kept for 7 days in Petri dishes with 2% water-agar. Each treatment consisted of 1000 H. contortus L3 and 1000 conidia of only one fungal isolate, and the control group consisted of 1000 L3, without fungus, with 10 repetitions per group. In assay B, 1000 conidia of one of the fungal isolates, AC001 or NF34a, were added to coprocultures made from 20 g of faeces collected from sheep naturally infected with H. contortus. At the end of the experiment, the Baermann method was used to count the non-predated larvae of all Petri dishes from treatment and control groups. In assay A, no difference was observed (P>0.05) between the groups treated with AC001 and NF34a fungi. A difference was observed (P < 0.05) between the treated and control groups. The L3 reduction percentages at the end of the experiment were 87.75 and 85.57%, respectively, for the fungal isolates compared to the control group. In assay B, the reduction percentages for conidia of these isolates were 85.82 and 87.32%, respectively. The results obtained show that D. flagrans (AC001) and M. thaumasium (NF34a) were effective in the in vitro control of sheep H. contortus L3 and could be used in the biological control of this nematode.

scholarly journals Rhabditis spp., in the Espírito Santo, State of Brazil and evaluation of biological control

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samilla Alves Sobral ◽  
Bruna Silva Ferreira ◽  
Caio Colodette Senna ◽  
Carolina Magri Ferraz ◽  
Tiago Facury Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Espirito Santo

Abstract The objectives of this study were to describe occurrences of Rhabditis spp. causing parasitic otitis in dairy cattle of Gir breed in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, and to evaluate the biological control of this nematode using the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) and Monacrosporium thaumasium (NF34). After nematode detection and collection, three groups were formed: two groups that were treated, respectively, with the fungal isolates; and a control group, without fungus. The treatments were as follows: (a) Petri dishes containing the culture medium 2% water agar (WA) + 250 nematodes + AC001; (b) Petri dishes containing 2% WA + 250 nematodes + NF34; and (c) Petri dishes containing only 2% WA + 250 nematodes. After seven days at 27 °C the treatments with fungi were able to capture and destroy the nematodes, with percentages of 82.0% (AC001) and 39.0% (NF34) in relation to the control group. The results demonstrate the occurrence of Rhabditis spp. after animals physical examination and that there was efficacy of the in vitro predatory activity of both fungal isolates. Thus, these results are important because they can assist in future in vivo control of this nematode in cattle.

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