scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ultramolecular Aqueous Dilutions on a Wheat Germination Model as a Function of Heat and Aging-Time

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Brizzi ◽  
Vittorio Elia ◽  
Grazia Trebbi ◽  
Daniele Nani ◽  
Maurizio Peruzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Germinated Seeds

This study evaluates the effects of temperature and aging on the efficacy of As2O3at the 45th decimal potency in a wheat germination model, compared against a control and potentized H2O 45×. Each treatment-temperature combination was tested on seeds (Triticum aestivumL.) of Pandas variety, using six Petri dishes (33 seeds/dish) per trial, performing eight trials. Seeds were pre-treated by poisoning with 0.1% As2O3solution to reduce germination, to allow a better evaluation of homeopathic treatment effects. The outcome variable was the number of non-germinated seeds after 96 h. Temperature effect was investigated by heating each treatment in a water bath for 30 min (at 20, 40 or 70°C), or for 5 min (at 100°C), and that of aging by dividing experimental data, collected over a period of nearly five months, into two groups: early and late experiments. Results seem to show that the efficacy of As2O345× is unaltered at 20 and 40°C, increases at 70°C and decreases at 100°C. As regards aging, a notable difference was found between early trials, with no significant efficacy, and late trials, where As2O345× exhibits a repeated significant effect versus control, except at 100°C. A reduction in variability was observed for As2O345× at 20°C versus control, confirming the findings of previous work. The main conclusion suggested by this experiment is that the efficacy of As2O345× on wheat germination may be influenced by heating degree and seems to have an increasing trend as a function of aging.

Has the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak had an impact on uptake of digital cessation support in UK smokers? An interrupted time series analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Perski ◽  
Aleksandra Herbec ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Jamie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Temporary Closure

BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak may motivate smokers to attempt to stop in greater numbers. However, given the temporary closure of UK stop smoking services and vape shops, smokers attempting to quit may instead seek out digital support, such as websites and smartphone apps. OBJECTIVE We examined, using an interrupted time series approach, whether the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a step change or increasing trend in UK downloads of an otherwise popular smoking cessation app, Smoke Free. METHODS Data were from daily and non-daily adult smokers in the UK who had downloaded the Smoke Free app between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2020 (primary analysis) and 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2020 (secondary analysis). The outcome variable was the number of downloads aggregated at the 12-hourly (primary analysis) or daily level (secondary analysis). The explanatory variable was the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, operationalised as 1 March 2020 (primary analysis) and 15 January 2020 (secondary analysis). Generalised Additive Mixed Models adjusted for relevant covariates were fitted. RESULTS Data were collected on 45,105 (primary analysis) and 119,881 (secondary analysis) users. In both analyses, there was no evidence for a step change or increasing trend in downloads attributable to the start of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. CONCLUSIONS In the UK, between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2020, and between 1 January 2019 and 31 March 2020, there was no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has been associated with a surge in downloads of a popular smoking cessation app. CLINICALTRIAL osf.io/zan2s

Barban Selectivity for Wild Oat in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Neidermyer ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wild Oats

The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) was studied as influenced by plant morphology and air temperature after application. Growth of wheat and wild oat seedlings was reduced by barban at 0.3 μg and 0.6 μg applied to the first node, respectively. Barban application to the base and midpoint of the first leaf blade required a lower dose to reduce wild oat growth than wheat growth. Increased tillering occurred from barban injury to the main culm in wheat. Wheat and wild oat susceptibility to barban increased as the post-treatment temperature decreased from 32 to 10 C. Barban selectivity for wild oats in wheat was greater at 27 and 21 C than at 16 and 10 C.

Influence of Heat on Seed Germination of Cistus Laurifolius and Cistus Ladanifer

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Valbuena ◽  
R Tarrega ◽  
E Luis
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The influence of high temperatures on germination of Cistus laurifolius and Cistus ladanifer seeds was analyzed. Seeds were subjected to different temperatures for different times, afterwards they were sowed in plastic petri dishes and monitored for germinated seeds over two months.The germination rate observed in Cistus ldanifer was greater than in Cistus laurifolius. In both species, heat increased germination percentages. For Cistus laurifolius higher temperatures or longer exposure times were needed. Germination percentages of Cistus ladanifer were lower when heat exposure time was 15 minutes.It must be emphasized that germination occurred when seeds were not treated, while seeds exposed to 150�C for 5 minutes or more did not germinate.

Relationship between growth rate and undercooling in Pt-added Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Endo ◽  
H. S. Chauhan ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Shiohara
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Parabolic Equation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Seed Crystals ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Good Agreement

Y1Ba2Cu307−x (Y123) crystals were grown by two different methods, the constant undercooling solidification and the continual cooling method, with top seeding by Sm123 seed crystals in order to investigate a relationship between undercooling (ΔT) and a growth rate (R). The crystals of Y123 with a sharp faceted interface, which consisted of {100} and {001} faces, grew epitaxially from the seed. It was found that the growth rates of {100} face (Ra) and that of {001} face (Rc) showed an increasing trend with increasing ΔT, and Rc was faster than Ra within these experimental conditions, ΔT < 20 K. The relation between R and ΔT follows the parabolic equation, viz. Ra ∝ ΔT1.9 and Rc ∝ ΔT1.3 for {100} and {001} faces, respectively. The simulated crystal size using the R and ΔT relations obtained from the constant undercooling method showed good agreement with experimental data by the continual cooling.

scholarly journals Growth Limits of Listeria monocytogenesas a Function of Temperature, pH, NaCl, and Lactic Acid

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 4979-4987 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tienungoon ◽  
D. A. Ratkowsky ◽  
T. A. McMeekin ◽  
T. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Food Borne Illness ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Growth Limits ◽  
Food Safety Risk ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACT Models describing the limits of growth of pathogens under multiple constraints will aid management of the safety of foods which are sporadically contaminated with pathogens and for which subsequent growth of the pathogen would significantly increase the risk of food-borne illness. We modeled the effects of temperature, water activity, pH, and lactic acid levels on the growth of two strains ofListeria monocytogenes in tryptone soya yeast extract broth. The results could be divided unambiguously into “growth is possible” or “growth is not possible” classes. We observed minor differences in growth characteristics of the two L. monocytogenes strains. The data follow a binomial probability distribution and may be modeled using logistic regression. The model used is derived from a growth rate model in a manner similar to that described in a previously published work (K. A. Presser, T. Ross, and D. A. Ratkowsky, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:1773–1779, 1998). We used “nonlinear logistic regression” to estimate the model parameters and developed a relatively simple model that describes our experimental data well. The fitted equations also described well the growth limits of all strains of L. monocytogenesreported in the literature, except at temperatures beyond the limits of the experimental data used to develop the model (3 to 35°C). The models developed will improve the rigor of microbial food safety risk assessment and provide quantitative data in a concise form for the development of safer food products and processes.

scholarly journals Genetic Instrumental Variable (GIV) regression: Explaining socioeconomic and health outcomes in non-experimental data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. DiPrete ◽  
Casper A.P. Burik ◽  
Philipp D. Koellinger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Endogeneity Bias ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Identifying causal effects in non-experimental data is an enduring challenge. One proposed solution that recently gained popularity is the idea to use genes as instrumental variables (i.e. Mendelian Randomization - MR). However, this approach is problematic because many variables of interest are genetically correlated, which implies the possibility that many genes could affect both the exposure and the outcome directly or via unobserved confounding factors. Thus, pleiotropic effects of genes are themselves a source of bias in non-experimental data that would also undermine the ability of MR to correct for endogeneity bias from non-genetic sources. Here, we propose an alternative approach, GIV regression, that provides estimates for the effect of an exposure on an outcome in the presence of pleiotropy. As a valuable byproduct, GIV regression also provides accurate estimates of the chip heritability of the outcome variable. GIV regression uses polygenic scores (PGS) for the outcome of interest which can be constructed from genome-wide association study (GWAS) results. By splitting the GWAS sample for the outcome into non-overlapping subsamples, we obtain multiple indicators of the outcome PGS that can be used as instruments for each other, and, in combination with other methods such as sibling fixed effects, can address endogeneity bias from both pleiotropy and the environment. In two empirical applications, we demonstrate that our approach produces reasonable estimates of the chip heritability of educational attainment (EA) and show that standard regression and MR provide upwardly biased estimates of the effect of body height on EA.

scholarly journals Bffects of foliar fungicides on the mycoflora of glumes of Triticum aestivum

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Untreated Plant ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Glucose Agar ◽  
Petri Dishes

In the years 1983-1984. the effect of three foliar fungicides, i.e.. Bayleton 25 WP. Dithane M-45 and Funaben K on the mycoflora associated with glumus of spring <i>Tritieum aestivum</i> cv. Kolibri cultivated in the field was investigated. During each vegetative period, glumes were collected in the milky ripe of seeds. Fungi species associated with glumes were determined based of colonies isolated from glumes incubated in Petri dishes with potato glucose agar. The fungicide which reduced the most the overall number of fungal isolates was Bayleton 25 WP. The number of species was most reduced following Dithane M-45 application. The mycoflora of glumes which had been untreated and treated with fungicides was compared with fungicides-treated and fungicide-untreated seeds and leaves. The highest similarity in the mycoflora of fungicide-untreated plant parts was found when glumes and seeds were compared. The mycoflora of fungicide-treated glumes, leaves, and seeds varied. depending on the year and fungicide applied.

scholarly journals Stand Establishment of Fluid-drilled Tomato in Rye and Wheat Tillage Systems

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Drost ◽  
H.C. Price
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in conventional tillage (CT), rye (Secale cereale L.) mulch no tillage (RNT), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch no tillage (WNT). Either germinated seeds (GS) or raw seeds (RS) were fluid drilled on several dates in 1981 and 1982. Tomato stands in no tillage (NT) generally were equal to or higher than in CT, and stands improved with later plantings in each year. Plant stands were unaffected by GS and RS. Time to 50% emergence (T50) was up to 4 days less in NT than in CT and 2 to 3 days less from GS than RS. Yields with CT were twice as high as those with NT for early planting dates. Yields decreased in CT with successive planting dates to levels equal to NT plantings. Use of GS increased fruit yields as compared to RS, regardless of the planting date.

scholarly journals Comparison of efficacy of topical alcaftadine (0.25%) versus olopatadine (0.1%) in allergic conjunctivitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-633
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumar L ◽  
M S Smitha Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Olopatadine Hydrochloride

The most common atopic ocular condition in clinical practice is allergic conjunctivitis. One of the preferred treatment options for allergic Conjunctivitis is anti histamines eye drops. The study purpose is to compare the clinical efficacy between topical alcaftadine 0.25% and olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% in allergic conjunctivitis patients.A prospective, randomized, open label, parallel group, comparative study was conducted on 60 Patients with bilateral allergic conjunctivitis (30 in each group) after taking an informed written consentand was evaluated from May 2018 to November 2018. Patients were randomized into 2 groups of 30 each, group A received topical Alcaftadine 0.25% twice daily and patients in Group B received topical olopatadine hydrochloride 0.1% twice daily for 2 weeks. The patients were evaluated on first visit (baseline) followed by 7 and 14 day after starting the treatment. At each visit signs and symptoms were evaluated and rated using a scale from 0-3(0-Absent, 1- mild, 2 moderate and 3- severe). The change from baseline in the mean scores of itching, hyperemia, photophobia and tearing on day 14 is the primary outcome variable.: The signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis were reduced by 2 weeks from baseline after using both the drugs. Relative significant efficacy was achieved in alcaftadine group for Itching, hyperemia and photophobia, but not for tearing (p=0.3). When compared to 0.1% olopatadine hydrochloride, 0.25% alcaftadine is more effective in reducing the symptoms of all types of allergic conjunctivitis except those mentioned in exclusion criteria.

scholarly journals The responsiveness of Triticum aestivum L. variety for inoculation by cells of endophytic strains Bacillus subtilis.

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Z. M. Kuramshina ◽  
R. M. Khairullin ◽  
Yu. V. Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Stimulation Of

In this study, we tested the effect of two strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D and 11ВМ on three varieties of wheat Triticum aestivum L.: Omskaya 35, Kazakhstanskaya 10 (spring), Volzhskaya qualitative (winter).The peculiarity of the plants response to endophytic inoculation depended on the strain of the microorganism, the concentration of cells in the preparation, and the variety of wheat during the experiment in Petri dishes. Both strains showed a strong growth-stimulating effect when seed was inoculated with suspensions of bacteria with a concentration of 106 cells/ml. There was no effect when seed cells were inoculated with bacteria at a concentration of 109 cells / ml. Plants varieties Omskaya 35 were most responsive to inoculation with endophytes. The variety was well responsive to the inoculation of bacteria cells at different concentrations. The variety Volzhskaya quality had the least growth stimulation. Plants of this variety responded well when grown in soil, unlike experiments in Petri dishes. The variety Kazakhstanskaya 10 was less responsive when growing plants in Petri dishes. There was no difference between the size of the shoots of inoculated and non-inoculated plants of the variety Kazakh 10, only stimulation of root growth was observed. It was concluded that there is a pronounced responsiveness of wheat varieties to the effect of endophytic strains of bacteria B. subtilis 26D the basis of biofungicide (Fitosporin-M) and this must be considered when using biofungicide for wheat cultivation.

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