Postanthesis biomass accumulation and respiration in shaded and unshaded wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011-1020
Author(s):  
S. Pararajasingham ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Maintenance Respiration ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maintenance Respiration Coefficient

Respiration significantly influences the carbon balance of a crop. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), biomass equivalent to between 40 and 75% final grain mass can be lost through shoot respiration during grain fill. This study examines the relationship between changes in biomass and respiration of the aboveground plant parts of shaded and unshaded wheat during grain fill. Two spring wheat cultivars, Max and Katepwa, were grown indoors with and without shade, and various biomass components and aboveground CO2 efflux rates were determined from anthesis to maturity. Maximum leaf biomass in Max was attained prior to anthesis while in unshaded Katepwa plants leaf biomass increased up to 35 d after anthesis. The stem changed from functioning as a source and became a sink 28 and 35 d after anthesis in the control plants of Max and Katepwa, respectively. The effect of shading on spike growth became apparent two weeks after anthesis. The CO2 efflux rate for unshaded Max and Katepwa plants declined significantly from 279 to 122 and from 210 to 141 mg CO2 plant−1 d−1, respectively, from anthesis through to maturity. Imposition of shade resulted in significantly lower CO2 efflux rates compared to the unshaded plants. Shade, however, exerted no influence on the estimated maintenance respiration coefficient (m) of a two component respiration model, although this coefficient declined 88% in Max throughout grain fill and declined up to 14 d after anthesis and remained stable thereafter in Katepwa. It was concluded, therefore, that shading affects total respiration through its impact on growth, but exerts no direct effect on the basic pattern of change in maintenance respiration during grainfill. Key words: Biomass accumulation, respiration rate, maintenance respiration coefficient, Triticum aestivum L.

Multivariate analyses of indigenous bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces of Oman

2021 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Ali Hussain Al Lawati ◽  
Saleem Kaseemsaheb Nadaf ◽  
Nadiya Abubakar Al Saady ◽  
Saleh Ali Al Hinai ◽  
Almandhar Almamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
D Values

Oman is endowed with enormous diversity of important food crops that have global significance for food security and has ancient history of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with its divergent landraces, which are useful in crop improvement. 55 indigenous Omani accessions conserved at the USDA were evaluated in the winter season (November to April) of the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 on loamy soil under sprinklers in augmented design with 5 check varieties in 5 replications following crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations using 9 quantitative (descriptors) and 6 qualitative traits (anthocyanin pigmentation on plant parts). The data on traits were subjected not only for PC values and D values after varimax rotation through Kaiser normalization in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) but also for Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The results indicated that indigenous bread wheat accessions were significantly different (p>0.05) for all the quantitative traits except number of tillers. The multivariate analyses led to formation of four diverse clusters from PCA analyses corresponding to four quadrants of bi-plot graphs and three clusters from AHC analysis corresponding to main clades of dendrogram. The parents were selected from common accessions of distinct clusters in all the multivariate analyses for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with pigmentation on one or two plant parts useful for DUS test of varieties. The indigenous bread wheat landraces / accessions were genetically diverse and have potential for use in national crop improvement programs for earliness and higher grain productivity with distinct identification markers.

The relationship between lodging and plant height in a diverse wheat population

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Navabi ◽  
M. Iqbal ◽  
K. Strenzke ◽  
D. Spaner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diverse Population ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
The Relationship

We examined the genetic variation for lodging tolerance in different plant height groups, within a diverse population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes (n = 14 0). Lodging was artificially induced by dragging a weighted apparatus across plots twice during the season at early and late milk stages. Grain yield was negatively correlated with lodging, while lodging scores were positively correlated with plant height. Although plant height appeared to be the major contributor to lodging tolerance, some variation was also observed in taller plants. This suggests that genetic gain in lodging tolerance can be obtained, to some extent, independent of plant height. Key words: Plant height, lodging tolerance, Triticum aestivum L., CIMMYT, Canada

The relationship between frost tolerance and generative induction in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under field conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
A K Bergjord ◽  
A K Bakken ◽  
A O Skjelvåg
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Subsequent Decrease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Nature

The quantitative nature of the vernalization and photoperiod requirements and the interference of plant age with these mechanisms complicate predictions of generative induction and its relation to frost tolerance. This study was designed to dissect further the course of development towards full generative induction and to time the stages in frost tolerance. Two cultivars of winter wheat were regularly sampled from fields at four sites during three winters. The apex stage of development was observed at time of sampling and after 3 subsequent weeks of growth at 18°C, under either short or long days. Level of frost tolerance at sampling was also recorded. No visible change in apex appearance was found at time of sampling, but readiness of plants to initiate generative development was enhanced. Vernalization by low temperatures alone was not enough to induce the plants into generative development or initiate loss of frost tolerance. Short day conditions after sampling delayed the appearance of double ridges by 6-9 wk as compared with long day conditions. The timing of maximum frost tolerance and its subsequent decrease indicated that generative induction under the short day conditions prevailing in field occurred about 1 mo after vernalization saturation.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., frost tolerance, generative induction, vernalization, photoperiod

Changes in DNA methylation are associated with heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression of the multi-ovary gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Guo ◽  
Gaisheng Zhang ◽  
Huali Tang ◽  
Yulong Song ◽  
Shoucai Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Variety DUOII is a multi-ovary line of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that has two or three pistils and three stamens. The multi-ovary trait is controlled by a dominant gene, the expression of which can be suppressed by the special heterogeneous cytoplasm of line TeZhiI (TZI). TZI has the nucleus of common wheat and the cytoplasm of Aegilops. DUOII (♀) × TZI (♂) shows the multi-ovary trait, whereas TZI (♀) × DUOII (♂) shows the mono-ovary trait. DNA methylation affects gene expression and plays a crucial role in organ and tissue differentiation. In order to study the relationship between DNA methylation and the suppression of the multi-ovary gene, we used methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphisms (MSAP) to assess the DNA methylation status of the reciprocal crosses. Genome-wide, 14 584 CCGG sites were detected and the overall methylation levels were 31.10% and 30.76% in the respective crosses DUOII × TZI and TZI × DUOII. Compared with DUOII × TZI, TZI × DUOII showed 672 sites (4.61%) in which methylation–demethylation processes occurred. The results showed that the special heterogeneous cytoplasm significantly changed DNA methylation, and this might have suppressed the multi-ovary gene. The results provide insight into the changing patterns of DNA methylation in the suppression of the multi-ovary gene, and provide essential background for further studies on the underlying mechanisms of heterogeneous cytoplasm suppression of the expression of the multi-ovary gene in wheat.

The addition of Aegilops variabilis chromosomes to Triticum aestivum and their identification

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Jewell ◽  
C. J. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Aegilops Umbellulata ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Aegilops Longissima ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis ◽  
The Relationship

Nine of the 14 possible single chromosome addition lines of the tetraploid species Aegilops variabilis Eig. (CuCuSvSv) to Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring (AA BB DD) have been isolated and identified. The nine Aegilops variabilis addition lines were compared with the available addition lines of Aegilops umbellulata (CuCu) and Aegilops longissima (SvSv) to further elucidate the relationship between these two diploids and the tetraploid Aegilops variabilis. Differences were observed between the same chromosomes isolated from the diploid and the tetraploid and discussed. After taking into account banding pattern polymorphisms, Aegilops umbellulata was confirmed as the donor of the Cu genome, and evidence indicated that Aegilops longissima probably is the donor of the other genome (Sv) in the tetraploid Aegilops variabilis.

Carbon balance assessment of a Belgian winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE MOUREAUX ◽  
ALAIN DEBACQ ◽  
JULIEN HOYAUX ◽  
MARIE SULEAU ◽  
DENIS TOURNEUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

ESTIMATION OF PROTEIN CONCENTRATION IN THREE PLANT PARTS AT FOUR GROWTH STAGES IN WHEAT BY NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. NOAMAN ◽  
G. A. TAYLOR ◽  
C. F. MCGUIRE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Plant Parts

Near Infrared Reflectance was examined to be used as a technique of estimating protein concentration in the head, flag leaf, and peduncle of Newana, hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at four growth stages. The plant samples were taken from a field experiment including three N levels. The standard Kjeldahl method was used to estimate protein concentration in these plant parts. Protein concentration in these samples ranged from 2.7% in the peduncle to 16.7% in the flag leaf. The NIR was calibrated using these plant parts. Using 3 of 19 available filters the R2 for the calibration between Kjeldahl and NIR was 0.98. The validity of the NIR calibration was tested using an independent set of plant parts of winter wheat taken at three growth stages. The r2 obtained between Kjeldahl and NIR was highly significant. It was concluded that NIR provides an accurate, rapid, and economical technique for estimating protein concentration in aerial plant tissues. This should facilitate the screening of wheats for genotypic variation in aerial plant protein.Key words: Wheat, Kjeldahl N, protein translocation, protein estimation, Triticum aestivum L.

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