scholarly journals Weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) cultivars grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2008-2010 on rendzina soil. The aim of the study was to evaluate weed infestation of winter spelt cultivars (&lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; and &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;) grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection. In the experiment, two levels of mineral fertilization were compared (kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>): I. N 60; P 26.2; K 83; and II. N 80; P 34.9; K 99.6. The che- mical protection levels were as follows: A. Control treatment; B. Mustang 306 SE, Stabilan 750 SL; C. Mustang 306 SE, At- tribut 70 WG, Stabilan 750 SL; D. Mustang 306 SE, Attribut 70 WG, Alert 375 SC, Stabilan 750 SL. <br /><em>Apera spica-venti, Setaria pumila</em>, and <em>Galium aparine </em>occurred in greatest numbers in the spelt wheat crop. The cultivar &lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; was more competitive against weeds. The number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, their total number, and air-dry weight of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were significantly lower compared to cv. &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;. Chemical protection of spelt wheat decreased weed dry weight compared to the control treatment without chemical protection. The application of higher rates of mineral fertilizers slightly increased the number of weeds but did not influence their dry weight and number of weed species.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>

scholarly journals Weed infestation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of application of some retardants

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Density And Biomass

<p>A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 on grey-brown podzolic soil (sandy). This study analysed the relationship between the use of stem shortening in cereals by means of retardants with the following active substances: chlormequat chloride (Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL), trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus 250 EC), chlormequat chloride + ethephon (Cecefon 465 SL), and weed infestation. The retardants were applied at the 1st node stage (BBCH 31 – Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL) and the 2nd node stage of winter wheat (BBCH 32 – Moddus 250 EC and Cecefon 465 SL), together with the adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC (75% of SN 200 mineral oil) or without the adjuvant. Winter wheat, cv. 'Muza', was grown after vetch grown for seed. The whole experiment was sprayed with the herbicides Apyros 75 WG and Starane 250 EC at the full tillering stage (BBCH 29–30). Plots where no growth regulators were used were the control treatment.</p><p>Weed density and biomass showed great variation between years. In the winter wheat crop, <em>Veronica persica, Viola arvensis, Veronica arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>,and<em> Chenopodium album </em>dominated in the dicotyledonous class, whereas <em>Apera spica-venti</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>,and<em> Elymus repens </em>were predominant among monocotyledonous plants<em>. </em>The level of weed infestation of the winter wheat crop, as measured by the number and air-dry weight of weeds, was significantly differentiated by years and retardants used as well as by interactions of these factors. The adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC did not have a significant effect on the above-mentioned weed infestation parameters.</p>.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of weed communities in common wheat and spelt following various forecrops

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Mariola Parzonka ◽  
Dariusz Załuski
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Heading Stage

Environmentally-friendly solutions are increasingly often applied in crop cultivation technologies. These include, among others, the return of old crops (e.g., spelt wheat) and crop rotation. Ensuring a proper forecrop is essential, especially in the cultivation of winter wheat, which is susceptible to infestation by weeds. However, there is only sparse information on infestation by weeds in the cultivation of winter spelt. In this study, it was assumed that this crop is invaded by weeds to a lesser extent than wheat, especially after unfavorable forecrops. The study was based on a field experiment conducted in the east part of Poland. The aim was to compare the weed infestation of common wheat and spelt wheat grown after peas, oilseed rape, and after itself. Analyses of weed infestation were conducted in 2014–2016. The weed species composition and population size were determined as well as their dry weight. The following indices were calculated: index of species richness, Simpson’s domination index, Shannon–Wiener index of species diversity, and Pielou’s index of evenness. The weed infestation of spelt wheat was higher than that of common wheat during the tillering stage. It was similar in both species during the heading stage. The lowest weed infestation in both cereals was observed on a field where peas had grown. Growing after oilseed rape and after themselves contributed to an increase in weed infestation. Biomass of weeds in a field of spelt was similar after all forecrops, unlike that in wheat, where more biomass was observed after oilseed rape and wheat. A greater share of <em>Apera spica-venti</em> and <em>Viola arvensis</em> was observed in common wheat and spelt grown after oilseed rape and after themselves. Weed communities in spelt were more diverse than in wheat. The forecrops did not differentiate the species diversity in either crop.

scholarly journals Sinapis alba L. weed infestation depending on the seeding rate and N fertilizer dose in the steppe Crimea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye.N. Rostova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Sinapis Alba L ◽  
Weed Infestation

Dense white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) can suppress weeds, however excessive density negatively influences crop yields. The search for the optimal parameters for applying mineral fertilizers and the consumption of seed material will increase the crop yield and will improve its competitive ability. This work aimed to identify the seeding rate and doses of nitrogen fertilization at which white mustard plants can actively suppress weeds without reducing the productivity of the crop. In the course of this research, we established that S. alba sown at a rate of 2, 2.5 and 3 million seeds per ha suppressed the growth and development of weeds as much as possible. On average, in 2017-2019, the dry weight of weeds in the aforementioned variants was the least and reached 57.9; 42.3 and 38.4 g/m2, respectively. Weed species composition and quantitative parameters of weed infestation depended on the weather conditions of the year. The application of nitrogen fertilizer did not affect significantly the weediness of S. alba crops. The optimal density white mustard plant formed at a seeding rate of 2 million units/ha and, on average, for three years of research, the seed yield in this variant was the highest (0.6 t/ha).

scholarly journals Mineral fertilization as a factor determining technological value of grain of Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Tomasz Knapowski ◽  
Wojciech Kozera ◽  
Jarosław Chmielewski ◽  
Damian Gorczyca ◽  
Elżbieta Wszelaczyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Technological Value ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

AbstractIn Poland, in recent years, there has been a great interest in growing spelt wheat. This is dictated not only by an increasing demand for food with higher healthy properties and unique taste, but also by a possibility of attracting farmers’ attention to this cereal as an alternative crop, with smaller requirements regarding the use of fertilization, as compared with common wheat. The aim of this study was to carry out the assessment of value of some technological characters of grain and flour of spelt wheat depending on different fertilizations with nitrogen (I factor, n=3, 25 and 50 kg N∙ha−1 + control treatment) and foliar application of microelements (II factor, n=4, Mn, Cu, combined fertilization with Mn and Cu + control treatment). Based on the performed study, it was found that fertilization with nitrogen, microelements and their interaction had, on average for years, a significant effect on the values of technological characters. Introduction of 25 kg N·ha−1 caused an increase in the value of falling number, whereas total protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased as a result of increasing nitrogen rates up to a level of 50 kg·ha−1. Of the variants of fertilization with microelements, the highest values of the analysed baking indices were found in the effects of combined foliar application of copper and manganese.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of a winter wheat canopy under the conditions of application of different herbicide doses and foliar fertilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Weed Infestation

The present study was carried out in the years 2006-2008 in the Bezek Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin). A two-factor field experiment was set up according to a randomized block design, in three replications. The experimental field was situated on medium heavy mixed rendzina developed from chalk rock with medium dusty loam granulometric composition. The soil was characterised by neutral pH, a very high content of P (342.1) and K (278.9) along with a very low level of magnesium (16.0 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil) and organic carbon (over 3.5%). The aim of this research was to compare the effect of three herbicide doses and two foliar fertilizers applied in a winter wheat canopy on weed infestation. The herbicides Mustang 306 SE 0.4 l × ha<sup>-1</sup> and Attribut 70 WG 60 g × ha<sup>-1</sup> were applied at full recommended doses as well as at doses reduced to 75% and 50%. Foliar fertilizers Insol 3 (1 1 × ha<sup>-1</sup>) and FoliCare (20 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>) were applied at full recommended doses twice in the growing season BBCH* development stage 23-25* and 33-35*). The control was not treated with the herbicides and foliar fertilizers. The weed infestation level was determined by means of the quantitative gravimetric method at two dates: the first one 6 weeks after herbicide application and the second one - before harvest. The number of weed individuals was counted; species composition and air-dry biomass of aboveground parts were estimated from randomly selected areas of 1 m × 0.25 m at four sites on each plot. <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i> plants were sampled for molecular analysis 6 weeks after herbicide application (the treatments with the full herbicide dose, a 50% dose and the control without herbicides). The density of weeds and weed air-dry weight were statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey's confidence intervals (p=0.05). It was found that the number of weeds and air-dry weight of weeds in the control treatment were significantly higher in comparison with the herbicide treated plots. The application of different herbicide doses did not differentiate significantly the weed infestation level in the winter wheat canopy. <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i>, <i>Viola arvensis</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i> were dominant weed species in the winter wheat canopy. Foliar application of fertilizers did not influence the weed infestation level in the crop canopy. Molecular analysis showed that herbicide application did not affect genetic variation in the populations of <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i>.

scholarly journals Особенности формирования фитосанитарной ситуации в посадках цветных сортов картофеля и его продуктивность при различных системах защиты растений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Малюга ◽  
◽  
Н. Чуликова ◽  
Н. Енина ◽  
С. Голощапов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Individual Reaction ◽  
Colored Potatoes ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Individual

Data were obtained on the peculiarities of the development of black scab on four varieties of colored potatoes (Violet, Purple Majesty, All Red and Rosamaria) when culvaed using chemical and biologized plant protection systems. It is shown, that the development of black scab and its infestation of stolons on varieties grown with the use of chemical plant protetion agents is lower than with the use of biological preparations, respectively, by 2.4-6.5 times and by 4%. The biometric indicators of plants when they were grown using the chemical protection system were slightly higher than those on biologized ones. The individual reaction of varieties to the studied protective techniques was revealed. Among the four studied cultivars, the cultivar All Red stood out, in which the phytosanitary condition of plantings, productivity indicators on both protection systems were similar.

scholarly journals Potensi dan Karakterisasi Fisiologis Bakteri Endofit Asal Tanaman Kakao Sehat sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Benih Kakao

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-395
Author(s):  
Andi Khaeruni ◽  
Tanza Nirmala ◽  
Waode Siti Anima Hisein ◽  
Gusnawaty Gusnawaty ◽  
Teguh Wijayanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

This study aimed to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates originated from healthy cacao plant, potential for plant-growth promoting of cacao seedlings. This study was carried out in the Phytopathology Laboratory Unit of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) using ten isolates of endophytic bacteria from healthy cocoa plants as treatments, plus a control treatment. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse using seed treatment and planted in seedling boxes, containing sterile rice-husk charcoal as a growing medium. The result showed that  three endophytic bacteria tested (isolates 2RPR1, 2RWB2, and 5BRB3) were potential as plant growth-promoting of cocoa seedlings, because the isolates were able to increase seed germination up to 96.67%, relative growth rate up to 90-96.67%, increased plant height up to 47.85-67.17%, root dry weight up to 35.08-52.63%, and canopy dry weight up to 97.71-108.46%. The superiority of the three isolates were related to their abilities to fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphate, as well as to produce indole acetic acid.   Keywords: cacao, endophytic bacteria, plant growth-promoting agent, seed viability

scholarly journals Weed infestation of spring common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in monoculture depending on the cover crop and weed control method

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Cezary A. Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
White Mustard

The aim of this 3-year field study was to evaluate the effect of some stubble crops and in-crop weed control methods on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds in a wheat crop grown in short-term monoculture. The study was conducted in the period 2009-2011 in the Uhrusk Experimental Farm on mixed rendzina soil classified as very good rye soil complex. It included various types of stubble crops ploughed in each year (control treatment without cover crop, white mustard, lacy phacelia, a mixture of legumes – narrow-leaf lupin + field pea) and methods of weed control in spring wheat (mechanical, mechanical and chemical, chemical weed control). On average during the study period, all stubble crops used reduced the air-dry weight of weds in the treatments with mechanical weed management relative to the control treatment. Irrespective of the weed control method, the number of weeds in the wheat crop was significantly lower only after the ploughing in of white mustard. Mechanical weed management proved to be less effective in reducing the number and dry weight of weeds compared to other weed control methods. The white mustard and legume mixture cover crops had a reducing effect on the number of weed species in relation to the treatment without cover crops. The highest floristic diversity of weed communities was found in the spring wheat crop in which only mechanical weeding alone was used.

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