scholarly journals Weed infestation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of application of some retardants

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Density And Biomass

<p>A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 on grey-brown podzolic soil (sandy). This study analysed the relationship between the use of stem shortening in cereals by means of retardants with the following active substances: chlormequat chloride (Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL), trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus 250 EC), chlormequat chloride + ethephon (Cecefon 465 SL), and weed infestation. The retardants were applied at the 1st node stage (BBCH 31 – Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL) and the 2nd node stage of winter wheat (BBCH 32 – Moddus 250 EC and Cecefon 465 SL), together with the adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC (75% of SN 200 mineral oil) or without the adjuvant. Winter wheat, cv. 'Muza', was grown after vetch grown for seed. The whole experiment was sprayed with the herbicides Apyros 75 WG and Starane 250 EC at the full tillering stage (BBCH 29–30). Plots where no growth regulators were used were the control treatment.</p><p>Weed density and biomass showed great variation between years. In the winter wheat crop, <em>Veronica persica, Viola arvensis, Veronica arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>,and<em> Chenopodium album </em>dominated in the dicotyledonous class, whereas <em>Apera spica-venti</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>,and<em> Elymus repens </em>were predominant among monocotyledonous plants<em>. </em>The level of weed infestation of the winter wheat crop, as measured by the number and air-dry weight of weeds, was significantly differentiated by years and retardants used as well as by interactions of these factors. The adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC did not have a significant effect on the above-mentioned weed infestation parameters.</p>.

scholarly journals The influence of different nitrogen forms and application time on winter wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Smalstienė ◽  
Irena Pranckietienė ◽  
Rūta Dromantienė ◽  
Gvidas Šidlauskas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Form ◽  
Amide Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

The research was carried out at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University during 2015–2016 on medium textured loamy carbonaceous leached soil – Cal(ca)ri-Epihypogleyic Luvisols. The soil of the experimental field was the following: pHKCl 6.8–7.2; phosphorus (P2O5) – 423– 429 mg kg–1; potassium (K2O) – 157–163 mg kg–1; humus – 2.47–2.82%. The researchers explored the winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Skagen’ fertilized with amide (N-NH2), ammonium (N-NH4) and nitrate (N-NO3) forms of nitrogen fertilizers in different tillering stages (BBCH 21–29). 7 days after winter wheat was fertilized, the level of mineral nitrogen in the soil was on average 23.9% higher using ammonium–nitrate nitrogen form fertilizers than using amide nitrogen form ones. The index of chlorophyll and the area of leafs were essentially higher when ammonium– nitrate and amide forms of nitrogen fertilizers were used. The biggest effect on the index of chlorophyll and the area of leafs was achieved 16 days after the start of vegetation when plants were fertilized with ammonium–nitrate fertilizers. Plants fertilized with ammonium–nitrate fertilizers gave the biggest yield 4 days after the start of vegetation. Data of the experiment showed strong and statistically reliable bonds of the correlation between the grain yield and the time of fertilization with nitrogen fertilizers (ήamide nitrogen fertilizers = 0.850* and ήammonium–nitrate fertilizers = 0.878*).

scholarly journals Weed infestation of a winter wheat canopy under the conditions of application of different herbicide doses and foliar fertilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Weed Infestation

The present study was carried out in the years 2006-2008 in the Bezek Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin). A two-factor field experiment was set up according to a randomized block design, in three replications. The experimental field was situated on medium heavy mixed rendzina developed from chalk rock with medium dusty loam granulometric composition. The soil was characterised by neutral pH, a very high content of P (342.1) and K (278.9) along with a very low level of magnesium (16.0 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil) and organic carbon (over 3.5%). The aim of this research was to compare the effect of three herbicide doses and two foliar fertilizers applied in a winter wheat canopy on weed infestation. The herbicides Mustang 306 SE 0.4 l × ha<sup>-1</sup> and Attribut 70 WG 60 g × ha<sup>-1</sup> were applied at full recommended doses as well as at doses reduced to 75% and 50%. Foliar fertilizers Insol 3 (1 1 × ha<sup>-1</sup>) and FoliCare (20 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>) were applied at full recommended doses twice in the growing season BBCH* development stage 23-25* and 33-35*). The control was not treated with the herbicides and foliar fertilizers. The weed infestation level was determined by means of the quantitative gravimetric method at two dates: the first one 6 weeks after herbicide application and the second one - before harvest. The number of weed individuals was counted; species composition and air-dry biomass of aboveground parts were estimated from randomly selected areas of 1 m × 0.25 m at four sites on each plot. <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i> plants were sampled for molecular analysis 6 weeks after herbicide application (the treatments with the full herbicide dose, a 50% dose and the control without herbicides). The density of weeds and weed air-dry weight were statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey's confidence intervals (p=0.05). It was found that the number of weeds and air-dry weight of weeds in the control treatment were significantly higher in comparison with the herbicide treated plots. The application of different herbicide doses did not differentiate significantly the weed infestation level in the winter wheat canopy. <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i>, <i>Viola arvensis</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i> were dominant weed species in the winter wheat canopy. Foliar application of fertilizers did not influence the weed infestation level in the crop canopy. Molecular analysis showed that herbicide application did not affect genetic variation in the populations of <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i>.

Carbon balance assessment of a Belgian winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1353-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINE MOUREAUX ◽  
ALAIN DEBACQ ◽  
JULIEN HOYAUX ◽  
MARIE SULEAU ◽  
DENIS TOURNEUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. LEGGE ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

Efficacy of some herbicides in wheat crop

Pesticidi ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Radmila Stankovic-Kalezic ◽  
M. Budimir
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

In 2001 and 2002 field trials were carried out to evaluate efficacy of eight herbicides, alone or in the combinations, in winter wheat crop, in the Juzni Banat region. The next herbicides were examined: 2,4-D, Fluroksypyr Tribenuronmethyl, 2,4-D+Florasulam, Bentazon+Dicamba, Triasulfuron+Dicamba lodosulphuron-methylodium+Amidosulphuron Herbicides were applied after tillering of wheat was over. More frequent weed species were: Anthemis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis Delphinium consolida, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum Polygonum convolvulus, Ranunculus arvensis, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Veronica polita i Viola tricolor. The most sensitive weed species to all herbicides were S. arvensis and Ch. album. The most tolerant was G. aparine (exept to fluroxipyr). The other species were less sensitive and herbicides eficacy were good or satisfactory, exept to V. polita and D. consolida. These results sugest that all applied herbicides could be successful in broad leaves weed control in the winter wheat crop in the Juzni Banat region.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) cultivars grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2008-2010 on rendzina soil. The aim of the study was to evaluate weed infestation of winter spelt cultivars (&lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; and &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;) grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection. In the experiment, two levels of mineral fertilization were compared (kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>): I. N 60; P 26.2; K 83; and II. N 80; P 34.9; K 99.6. The che- mical protection levels were as follows: A. Control treatment; B. Mustang 306 SE, Stabilan 750 SL; C. Mustang 306 SE, At- tribut 70 WG, Stabilan 750 SL; D. Mustang 306 SE, Attribut 70 WG, Alert 375 SC, Stabilan 750 SL. <br /><em>Apera spica-venti, Setaria pumila</em>, and <em>Galium aparine </em>occurred in greatest numbers in the spelt wheat crop. The cultivar &lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; was more competitive against weeds. The number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, their total number, and air-dry weight of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were significantly lower compared to cv. &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;. Chemical protection of spelt wheat decreased weed dry weight compared to the control treatment without chemical protection. The application of higher rates of mineral fertilizers slightly increased the number of weeds but did not influence their dry weight and number of weed species.

Effect of Winter Wheat Crop Residue on No-Till Corn Growth and Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy G. Kravchenko ◽  
Kurt D. Thelen
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop
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