scholarly journals Weed infestation of a winter wheat canopy under the conditions of application of different herbicide doses and foliar fertilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Sylwia Okoń ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Weed Infestation

The present study was carried out in the years 2006-2008 in the Bezek Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences in Lublin). A two-factor field experiment was set up according to a randomized block design, in three replications. The experimental field was situated on medium heavy mixed rendzina developed from chalk rock with medium dusty loam granulometric composition. The soil was characterised by neutral pH, a very high content of P (342.1) and K (278.9) along with a very low level of magnesium (16.0 mg × kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil) and organic carbon (over 3.5%). The aim of this research was to compare the effect of three herbicide doses and two foliar fertilizers applied in a winter wheat canopy on weed infestation. The herbicides Mustang 306 SE 0.4 l × ha<sup>-1</sup> and Attribut 70 WG 60 g × ha<sup>-1</sup> were applied at full recommended doses as well as at doses reduced to 75% and 50%. Foliar fertilizers Insol 3 (1 1 × ha<sup>-1</sup>) and FoliCare (20 kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>) were applied at full recommended doses twice in the growing season BBCH* development stage 23-25* and 33-35*). The control was not treated with the herbicides and foliar fertilizers. The weed infestation level was determined by means of the quantitative gravimetric method at two dates: the first one 6 weeks after herbicide application and the second one - before harvest. The number of weed individuals was counted; species composition and air-dry biomass of aboveground parts were estimated from randomly selected areas of 1 m × 0.25 m at four sites on each plot. <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i> plants were sampled for molecular analysis 6 weeks after herbicide application (the treatments with the full herbicide dose, a 50% dose and the control without herbicides). The density of weeds and weed air-dry weight were statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey's confidence intervals (p=0.05). It was found that the number of weeds and air-dry weight of weeds in the control treatment were significantly higher in comparison with the herbicide treated plots. The application of different herbicide doses did not differentiate significantly the weed infestation level in the winter wheat canopy. <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Papaver rhoeas</i>, <i>Viola arvensis</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i> were dominant weed species in the winter wheat canopy. Foliar application of fertilizers did not influence the weed infestation level in the crop canopy. Molecular analysis showed that herbicide application did not affect genetic variation in the populations of <i>Galium aparine</i> and <i>Apera spica-venti</i>.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>

scholarly journals Weed infestation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the conditions of application of some retardants

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Density And Biomass

<p>A field study was conducted in the period 2004–2007 on grey-brown podzolic soil (sandy). This study analysed the relationship between the use of stem shortening in cereals by means of retardants with the following active substances: chlormequat chloride (Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL), trinexapac-ethyl (Moddus 250 EC), chlormequat chloride + ethephon (Cecefon 465 SL), and weed infestation. The retardants were applied at the 1st node stage (BBCH 31 – Antywylegacz Płynny 675 SL) and the 2nd node stage of winter wheat (BBCH 32 – Moddus 250 EC and Cecefon 465 SL), together with the adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC (75% of SN 200 mineral oil) or without the adjuvant. Winter wheat, cv. 'Muza', was grown after vetch grown for seed. The whole experiment was sprayed with the herbicides Apyros 75 WG and Starane 250 EC at the full tillering stage (BBCH 29–30). Plots where no growth regulators were used were the control treatment.</p><p>Weed density and biomass showed great variation between years. In the winter wheat crop, <em>Veronica persica, Viola arvensis, Veronica arvensis, Capsella bursa-pastoris</em>,and<em> Chenopodium album </em>dominated in the dicotyledonous class, whereas <em>Apera spica-venti</em>, <em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>,and<em> Elymus repens </em>were predominant among monocotyledonous plants<em>. </em>The level of weed infestation of the winter wheat crop, as measured by the number and air-dry weight of weeds, was significantly differentiated by years and retardants used as well as by interactions of these factors. The adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC did not have a significant effect on the above-mentioned weed infestation parameters.</p>.

scholarly journals The effect of adjuvants and reduced rates of crop protection agents on the occurrence of agricultural pests and on winter wheat productivity

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
CEZARY A. KWIATKOWSKI ◽  
MARIAN WESOŁOWSKI ◽  
MAGDA DRABOWICZ ◽  
BARBARA MISZTAL-MAJEWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Negative Effect

A field experiment in growing winter wheat was carried out in Czesławice (the central part of the Lublin region) in 2009–2011. The experiment was set up as a split-block design with 3 replications on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess. Tillage was performed in accordance with the agronomic practices typical of this species. NPK mineral fertilization was adjusted to high soil nutrient availability. The research included 3 rates of herbicides, fungicides and a retardant (100, 75, 50%) as well as various types of adjuvants (surface-active, oil, mineral). Plots without adjuvant application were the control treatment. It was shown that a 50% reduction in the rates of crop protection agents caused a considerable decrease in winter wheat grain yield and in some yield components compared with the 75% rate and the maximum rate. Due to the addition of adjuvants (especially the oil adjuvant) to the spray solution, the reduction in the rates of crop protection agents by 25% did not cause any decrease of winter wheat productivity. A further reduction (by 50%) in the rates of crop protection agents, in spite of the application of adjuvants, had a negative effect on wheat yield caused by an intense accumulation of air-dry weight of weeds in the crop as well as by higher susceptibility of wheat to a complex of fungal diseases infecting the stem base.

scholarly journals The impact of stubble crop on spring barley weed infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Wrzesińska ◽  
Anna Komorowska ◽  
Grażyna Nurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
The Impact

The condition and degree of weed infestation were determined in a spring barely crop grown in a short-term monoculture after mulching the soil with plants grown as a stubble crop (the control treatment without cover crop – lacy phacelia, white mustard, sunflower). The field experiment was carried out in 2010–2013 on good rye soil complex using a split-block design in four replications. The obtained results (the mean from all years of the experiment) showed that the stubble crop, especially sunflower, reduced the diversity of weed species without causing at the same time changes in weed species dominance. In all the control treatments of the experiment, <em>Chenopodium album</em> and <em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> were the dominant species. The degree of spring barley weed infestation depended on the species grown in the cover crop. White mustard and lacy phacelia slightly increased the number of weeds but their fresh matter significantly increased. However, the sunflower cover crop significantly increased the number of weeds without any substantial differentiation of their fresh mass.

scholarly journals Respons Pertumbuhan dan Rendemen Minyak Klon Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) terhadap Aplikasi Berbagai Dosis Urea (Growth Response And Yield Of Patchouli Clones (Pogostemon Cablin Benth) On Dose Urea Various Applications)

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Retno Ayu Diah Pangestu ◽  
M. Tahir ◽  
Fatahillah Fatahillah
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Pogostemon Cablin ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Right

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a plant that produces essential oils and important foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. Using superior clones  with the right fertilizer application will increase the yield of patchouli oil. The research aims to obtain patchouli plants that have the best response of urea fertilization application and optimum dosage of urea for patchouli plant growth. The study was conducted at the Politeknik Negeri lampung’s teaching farm in December 2018 until May 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), consisting of two treatment factors, namely the type of urea clone. The first factor is the type of clone consisting of 2 levels, namely NPL 9 clone and Lhokseumawe clone. The second factor is the treatment of urea doses consisting of 4 levels, namely control, 250 kg.ha-1, 300 kg.ha-1, and 350 kg.ha-1. Variables observed included plant’s height, bough, diameter, number of leaves, stalk angle, chlorophyll content, wet weight of plant, wind dry weight of plant, and yield. The results of research showed  NPL 9 clone had a superior appearance and 350 kg.ha-1 of urea dose  was the optimal dose compared to other doses and could increase patchouli yield 2,3% compared to the control treatment.

Residual Effect of Weed Management Practices Executed in Preceding Maize on Succeeding Greengram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sandhya Rani ◽  
V. Chandrika ◽  
G. Prabhakara Reddy ◽  
P. Sudhakar ◽  
K.V. Nagamadhuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation

Background: Maize followed by summer pulses is the emerging cropping system in many places in India. Herbicides are the efficient tools for checking weed infestation and their usage is increasing throughout the globe due to increased labour cost and quick weed control. Some herbicides do not degrade quickly and may remain in the soil for weeks, months or years after application and may inhibit the growth of succeeding crops. Methods: Field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) during rabi and summer seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to know the residual effect of different herbicides applied in maize on succeeding greengram. Result: The present study revealed that lower density and dry weight of total weeds and higher yield attributes and yield was recorded with the practice of adopting two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS, which was however, at par with atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb one HW at 30 DAS, atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb topramezone 30 g ha-1 as PoE and atrazine 1.0 kg ha-1 as PE fb tembotrione 120 g ha-1 as PoE, without any significant disparity among them. Herbicides applied in maize did not alter statistically the enzyme activity and microbial count in the soil at harvest of succeeding greeengram. 

scholarly journals Impact of site-specific weed management on herbicide savings and winter wheat yield  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hamouz ◽  
K. Hamouzová ◽  
J. Holec ◽  
L. Tyšer
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
Patch Spraying ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield ◽  
Weed Infestation

An aggregated distribution pattern of weed populations provides opportunity to reduce the herbicide application if site-specific weed management is adopted. This work is focused on the practical testing of site-specific weed management in a winter wheat and the optimisation of the control thresholds. Patch spraying was applied to an experimental field in Central Bohemia. Total numbers of 512 application cells were arranged into 16 blocks, which allowed the randomisation of four treatments in four replications. Treatment 1 represented blanket spraying and the other treatments differed by the herbicide application thresholds. The weed infestation was estimated immediately before the post-emergence herbicide application. Treatment maps for every weed group were created based on the weed abundance data and relevant treatment thresholds. The herbicides were applied using a sprayer equipped with boom section control. The herbicide savings were calculated for every treatment and the differences in the grain yield between the treatments were tested using the analysis of variance. The site-specific applications provided herbicide savings ranging from 15.6% to 100% according to the herbicide and application threshold used. The differences in yield between the treatments were not statistically significant (P = 0.81). Thus, the yield was not lowered by site-specific weed management.

Influence of Two Herbicides on Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Mark L. Bernards ◽  
Loren J. Giesler ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most yield-limiting pathogen of soybean in the United States. Henbit is a prevalent winter annual weed species in no-till fields and is reported to be an alternative host of SCN. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate how the development of SCN on henbit roots was affected by herbicide mode of action and time of herbicide application. Henbit plants were grown in watertight pots placed in a water bath bench that kept soil temperature constant (27 ± 1 C) during the study. Ten d after transplanting, pots were inoculated with approximately 1,000 SCN eggs. At 7, 14, or 21 d after inoculation (DAI), henbit plants were sprayed with recommended dose of either glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) or 2,4-D (1,070 g ae ha−1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment, and two experimental runs separated in time. At 28 DAI, the total number of SCN cysts and eggs, and plant shoot and root dry weight per pot were determined. Henbit root and shoot biomass increased as the time of herbicide application was delayed. Glyphosate reduced root biomass more than 2,4-D, but no differences in shoot biomass were detected. The number of SCN cysts per henbit plant and eggs per cyst increased as the herbicide application was delayed from 7 to 21 DAI. Glyphosate reduced the number of cysts found on henbit roots more than 2,4-D, especially at earlier application times. On plants treated with glyphosate, SCN-females produced only half the number of eggs of SCN-females on henbit plants treated with 2,4-D, regardless of time of application. These results indicate that early control of henbit plants, especially with glyphosate, can reduce SCN reproduction potential in SCN infested fields.

scholarly journals Leaf Characteristics and Grain Yield of Three Aromatic Rice Cultivars as Influenced by 6-Benzylaminopurine

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
M. C. Devsharmma ◽  
B. C. Sarker ◽  
S. K. Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To explore the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice the present investigation was carried out. The experimental materials comprising four concentrations of BAP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm) and three aromatic rice cultivars (Chinigura, Kataribhog and Kalijira). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Statistical analysis indicated that leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice were significantly influenced by the concentrations of BAP. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf dry weight, panicle length, 500-grain weight and grain yield were increased with the increasing concentration of BAP. Among the concentrations, the 90 ppm of BAP performed better regarding the parameters studied. Maximum number of leaf, longest leaf, maximum leaf dry weight, highest length breadth ratio of leaf and maximum 500-grain weight was observed in Kataribhog which was statistically at par with that of Kalijira. Broader leaf was observed in Chinigura, whereas longest panicle and highest grain yield was recorded from Kalijira. Among different treatment combinations the highest grain yield (4.10 t ha-1) was recorded from Kalijira × 90 ppm BAP treatment and the lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1) was recorded from Chinigura × control treatment.

Influence of nitrification inhibitor (Nitrapyrin) on winter wheat yield 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayehe Mirkhani ◽  
Mohammad Sajad Ghavami ◽  
Elnaz Ahmadi ◽  
Ebrahim Moghiseh
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

&lt;p&gt;Nitrogen (N) is a crop nutrient that is commonly applied as fertilizer, however the dynamic nature of N and its propensity for loss from soil&amp;#8208;plant systems creates a unique and challenging environment for its efficient management. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are compounds that can reduce the bacterial oxidation of NH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#160;to NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#8722;&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;#160;by inhibiting the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and maintaining a higher proportion of applied nitrogen in the soil by preventing nitrate loss from leaching and gaseous N losses from nitrification and denitrification. The organic compound 2-chloro-6-(tri-chloromethyl) pyridine, commonly known as nitrapyrin (NP), is such a nitrification inhibitor that is used in agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of NI (NP) on winter wheat yield compared to farmers practice without NI at a given N rate and same number of N split applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A randomized complete block design in five replications was used in this study. Treatments were: T&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; (control treatment - without urea), T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (farmers practice - 300 kg urea/ha), and T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (urea+NP - 300 kg urea/ha). Urea was applied in three split applications at tillering, stem elongation and booting stages in treatments T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (farmers practice) and T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (urea+NP). The average grain yield of winter wheat was 8.7 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; for the farmers practice (T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and 9.1 t ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; for the urea+NP treatment (T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) at the same number of split fertilizer applications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The crop yield data showed that urea applied with NP (T&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) did increase only slightly grain yield, as compared to farmers practice (T&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;). The grain yield increase with NP was about 4%, however the statistical analysis showed that this increase due to the application of urea with NP was not significant. Further research is needed to investigate additional nitrification inhibitors and their effect on wheat production.&lt;/p&gt;

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