The influence of tillage and chemical plant protection on weed infestation of winter spelt wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) growing in continuous crop

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Weed Infestation

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Weed Infestation, Grain Health, and Productivity Parameters of Two Spelt Wheat Cultivars Depending on Crop Protection Intensification and Seeding Densities

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Haliniarz ◽  
Dorota Gawęda ◽  
Bożena Nowakowicz-Dębek ◽  
Agnieszka Najda ◽  
Sylwia Chojnacka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extensive Farming

Spelt wheat is one of the oldest wheat with very high nutritional value. It does not have particular climatic requirements and tolerates adverse environmental conditions well. The versatile advantages of spelt wheat make it attractive to farmers, plant breeders, food technologists, and consumers. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different crop protection systems and seeding densities on yield, weed infestation, and grain health of the spelt wheat cultivars “Rokosz” and “Schwabenspelz”. The research showed that the spelt wheat cultivars studied responded differently to production intensification. The use of crop protection chemicals in the crop of the cultivar “Rokosz” resulted in lower weed infestation and in obtaining higher yields. In the case of the cultivar “Schwabenspelz”, production intensification did not have a significant effect on its productivity and quantitative weed infestation parameters. Therefore, this cultivar can be recommended for cultivation in farms with extensive farming methods, for example, in organic farms. In both cultivars studied, an increase in seeding density and chemical plant protection with fungicide caused lower grain contamination with mycotoxins, and the content of individual mycotoxins did not exceed the maximum levels set for grain intended for food and animal feed purposes.

scholarly journals Weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) cultivars grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2008-2010 on rendzina soil. The aim of the study was to evaluate weed infestation of winter spelt cultivars (&lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; and &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;) grown under different conditions of mineral fertilization and chemical plant protection. In the experiment, two levels of mineral fertilization were compared (kg × ha<sup>-1</sup>): I. N 60; P 26.2; K 83; and II. N 80; P 34.9; K 99.6. The che- mical protection levels were as follows: A. Control treatment; B. Mustang 306 SE, Stabilan 750 SL; C. Mustang 306 SE, At- tribut 70 WG, Stabilan 750 SL; D. Mustang 306 SE, Attribut 70 WG, Alert 375 SC, Stabilan 750 SL. <br /><em>Apera spica-venti, Setaria pumila</em>, and <em>Galium aparine </em>occurred in greatest numbers in the spelt wheat crop. The cultivar &lsquo;Schwabenkorn&rsquo; was more competitive against weeds. The number of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous weeds, their total number, and air-dry weight of weeds in the crop of this cultivar were significantly lower compared to cv. &lsquo;Spelt I.N.Z.&rsquo;. Chemical protection of spelt wheat decreased weed dry weight compared to the control treatment without chemical protection. The application of higher rates of mineral fertilizers slightly increased the number of weeds but did not influence their dry weight and number of weed species.

scholarly journals The effect of tillage system and herbicide application on weed infestation of crops of winter spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
Piotr Kraska ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Edward Pałys
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Spelt Wheat ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

<p>Based on a 3-year field experiment conducted on medium heavy mixed rendzina soil, the present study evaluated the effect of chemical plant protection on the species composition, number and air-dry weight of weeds infesting crops of winter spelt wheat cultivars (‘Frankenkorn’, ‘Badengold’, ‘Schwaben- speltz’, and ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’) sown under ploughing and ploughless tillage systems. Ploughing tillage involved skim- ming done after harvest of the previous crop and pre-sowing ploughing, while in the ploughless tillage system ploughing was replaced with cultivating. Chemical weed control included the application of the herbicides Mustang 306 SE and Attribut 70 WG. Plots where the herbicides were not used were the control treatment. On average, from 21 to 30 weed species colonised the winter spelt wheat crops compared. <em>Galium aparine </em>and <em>Apera spica-venti </em>occurred in greatest numbers and their percentage in the total number of weeds was estimated at 26–35% and 17–25%, respectively. The cultivar ‘Frankenkorn’ was the least weed-infested. Both the number of weeds in the crop of this cultivar and their above-ground dry weight were lower compared to the other cultivars. The use of reduced tillage significantly increased the air-dry weight of weeds compared to ploughing tillage. Nevertheless, it should be indicated under ploughless tillage conditions the application of chemical crop protection reduced weed biomass by 59% compared to the control treatments without crop protection.</p>

scholarly journals Reaction of spelt wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) to foliar applications of fertilizers

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
PIOTR KRASKA ◽  
SYLWIA ANDRUSZCZAK ◽  
EWA KWIECIŃSKA-POPPE
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Spelt Wheat

Effect of algae Ecklonia maxima extract (Kelpak SL) on yields of common wheat, durum wheat and spelt wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ SZUMIŁO ◽  
LESZEK RACHOŃ ◽  
BARBARA KROCHMAL-MARCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Spelt Wheat

The 3-year experiment was concerned with the response of spring forms of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and spelt wheat (Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta L. em. Thell.) to the foliar application of a plant growth stimulant (extract from marine algae Ecklonia maxima), with the commercial name of Kelpak SL (GS), as compared to control treatment (C). The following parameters were analysed: yield of grain, yield components (number of ears, weight of 1000 kernels, number and weight of kernels per ear) and physical indicators of grain quality (test weight, uniformity and vitreosity of grain). The study showed that the level of yielding and the yield components were related primarily with the wheat genotype, but they depended also on the agro-climatic conditions and on the algae extract and control experimental treatments. The application of algae extract, compared to the control, caused a significant increase in the yields of the spring wheat species under study, on average by 7.0%. Canopy spraying with algae extract had a favourable effect on the number of ears, on he number and weight of kernels per ear, but it had no effect on the weight of 1000 kernels. The grain quality of durum wheat, spelt wheat and common wheat was affected more strongly by the weather conditions in the successive years of the study and by the genotype than by the foliar application of algae extract. The spelt genotypes were characterised by lower yields and lower grain quality than common wheat and the durum wheat genotypes.

Selective Action of the New Herbicide 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(ethylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one in Different Wheat,Triticum aestivum, Cultivars

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Fedtke ◽  
Robert R. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Selective Action ◽  
Tolerant Plants

14C-labeled 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(ethylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (ethiozin)3was metabolized more rapidly in tolerant than in sensitive wheat,Triticum aestivumL., cultivars. After a 6-h herbicidal pulse, the main metabolites were conjugates at all incubation times up to 48 h. The levels of deaminated and dethioethylated metabolites never exceeded 4% of the extractable radioactivity and also did not differ between tolerant and sensitive plants. On the contrary, 92% of the extractable radioactivity was in conjugates after 24 h in the leaves of tolerant plants compared to 25% in the leaves of sensitive plants. The differently sensitive wheat cultivars conjugated metribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one, at about half the rate that was observed with ethiozin. This finding may explain the fact that most wheat cultivars are more sensitive to metribuzin compared with ethiozin.

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