scholarly journals Fruiting phenology of some weed species in sowing of chosen cultivar plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Cultivated Plant

In the paper, the percentage shares of the phases of fruiting and diaspore shedding of some weed species during fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean harvest are presented. The results of the study were gathered in the years 2000-2003 on river alluvial soil made from light loam. The experimental scheme included mechanical and chemical control of the cultivated plants. On weed-free objects treated with herbicides, the following herbicides were used: fodder beet - Buracyl 80 WP (lenacyl 80%) in dose 1 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>; spring wheat - Chwastox Turbo 340 SL (MCPA + dicamba) in dose 2l.ha<sup>-1</sup>; faba-bean - Afalon (linuron 50%) in dose 1,5 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Phenological observations were carried out at 10-day intervals beginning from the day of sowing the cultivated plant. It was proven that weeds had the most favourable conditions of fruiting and seed shedding in fodder beet and faba bean. Fruiting and shedding of most weed species were limited by herbicides, as well as cold years. The following weed species: fodder beet without herbicides - <i>Lamium amplexicaule</i>, <i>Chenopodium polyspermum</i>, <i>Anagallis arvensis</i> i <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i>; fodder beet with herbicides - <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>, <i>Lamium purpureum</i> i <i>Echinochloa crus</i>-<i>galli</i>; spring wheat without herbicides - <i>Capsella bursa</i>-<i>pastoris</i> i <i>Fallopia convolvulus</i>; spring wheat with herbicides - <i>Avena fatua</i>; faba been without herbicides - <i>Galium aparine</i>, <i>Anagallis arvensis</i> i <i>Convolvulus arvensis</i>; faba been with herbicides - <i>Galium aparine</i>, shed diaspores in the greatest degree.

scholarly journals The effect of herbicides on Chenopodium album L. phenology in fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fodder Beet

The objective of the study was to determine the time of occurrence of the emergence, budding, fruiting and seed shedding stages, as well as the degree of advancement of the white goosefoot fruiting and diaspores shedding stages in fodder beet, spring wheat and faba bean crops under mechanical and chemical weed control. Phenological observations were conducted in the years 2000-2002 at 10-day intervals, starting from the day of crop sowing on alluvial soil made of light loam. Chemically weed controlled objects were treated with herbicides: fodder beet - lenacil 80%; spring wheat - MCPA 30% + dicamba 4%; faba bean - linuron 50%. It was proven that the times of occurrence and the scale of the studied phenological stages of white goosefoot depended on the crop species, the in-crop weed control method and the pattern of weather conditions in the study years. White goosefoot had the most favourable conditions of growth in the fodder beet crop. The herbicides in the fodder beet and faba bean crops delayed the emergence and the time of occurrence of successive white goosefoot growth stages. These agents also decreased the degree of diaspores shedding by the weed species studied. The most white goosefoot specimens shed fruits on the mechanically weed controlled plots. The diaspores dissemination was promoted by a warm and moist growing season.

scholarly journals Badania możliwości stosowania norflurazonu do zwalczania Agropyron repens (L.) CZQSC II. Wrażliwość niektórych roślin uprawnych na norflurazon [Effect of Norflurazon in weed control. P. II. Sensitivity of several cultivated plant species to Norflurazon]

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1–2) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Stanisław Karczmarczyk ◽  
Irena Zabieć
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Small Bean

The sensitivity of several cultivated plants to Norflurazon was tested. Lupine and field pea appeared to be most tolerant – sugar beet and small bean less tolerant. Spring wheat, winter rape, and potatoes were sensitive to this herbicide. The nontolerant plants have shown growth inhibition, sharp drop of pigment content and changes of chloroplast structure.

scholarly journals STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-345
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium, …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

scholarly journals Uptake of more important mineral components by common field weeds on loess soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Malicki ◽  
Czesława Berbeciowa
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

We have determined the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in winter wheat, spring barley, sugar beets and winter rape, as well as in the most common weed species infesting these crops. It was established that the percentage of mineral components in the dry matter of the majority of weeds is higher than in that of the cultivated plants. The most dangerous weed species competing with plants for the investigated nutrients were: <i>Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, Sonchus arvensis</i> and <i>Stellaria media</i>.

scholarly journals Diversity of agrocoenoses in the Lublin region, Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Staniak ◽  
Małgorzata Haliniarz ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Elżbieta Harasim ◽  
Marian Wesołowski
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Agricultural Plant ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
Extensive Farming

The Lublin region, one of the main agricultural regions in Poland, has very favorable conditions for agricultural production but the development of the agricultural sector has been very slow there. This is due, among other factors, to the extensive farming used on large areas and the fragmentation of fields with numerous fragments of natural ecosystems. In Lublin Province, cereals comprise the highest proportion of the crop structure, especially wheat, but farmers also often cultivate maize, oilseed rape, sugar beet, and legumes for consumption. The biological diversity of agricultural areas is enhanced by growing traditional plant species and varieties. Crop species are accompanied by segetal weeds, sometimes very expansive, sometimes rare and endangered by extinction. In recent years, the following have been the dominant weed species in the region’s crop fields: <em>Galium aparine</em>, <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em>, <em>Papaver rhoeas</em>, <em>Viola arvensis</em>, and <em>Veronica persica</em>. However, there are several locations of occurrence of <em>Muscari comosum</em> (a strictly protected species) and the following unique species: <em>Adonis aestivalis</em>, <em>Anthemis tinctoria</em>, <em>Caucalis platycarpos</em>, <em>Galium tricornutum</em>, and <em>Thymelaea passerina</em>. In Lublin Province, there are many organic farms which contribute to the significant diversity of agricultural plant communities. In this review, we also indicate the biocoenotic role of weeds and their importance in the proper maintenance of agroecosystems and ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Archaeological and Archaeobotanical Research at an Early Medieval Site in Wildno, Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Joanna Abramów ◽  
Arkadiusz Wiktor
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Farming Practice ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract The paper presents the results of the archaeological excavation of the Early Medieval site at Wildno (site 10) and the initial results of ongoing archaeobotanical analysis of plant macro-remains from the same site. During rescue excavation many archaeological features were found. Among them a few probable huts, smokehouses and tar pits were discovered. Inside them, plant macro-remains were found. Analyses showed remains of cultivated plant and weed species, which provides evidence of farming practice during early medieval times. The cultivated plants were Linum usitatissimum, Panicum miliaceum and Triticum aestivum.

Efficacy of some herbicides in wheat crop

Pesticidi ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽  
Radmila Stankovic-Kalezic ◽  
M. Budimir
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

In 2001 and 2002 field trials were carried out to evaluate efficacy of eight herbicides, alone or in the combinations, in winter wheat crop, in the Juzni Banat region. The next herbicides were examined: 2,4-D, Fluroksypyr Tribenuronmethyl, 2,4-D+Florasulam, Bentazon+Dicamba, Triasulfuron+Dicamba lodosulphuron-methylodium+Amidosulphuron Herbicides were applied after tillering of wheat was over. More frequent weed species were: Anthemis arvensis, Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis Delphinium consolida, Fumaria officinalis, Galium aparine, Lamium purpureum Polygonum convolvulus, Ranunculus arvensis, Sinapis arvensis, Stellaria media, Veronica polita i Viola tricolor. The most sensitive weed species to all herbicides were S. arvensis and Ch. album. The most tolerant was G. aparine (exept to fluroxipyr). The other species were less sensitive and herbicides eficacy were good or satisfactory, exept to V. polita and D. consolida. These results sugest that all applied herbicides could be successful in broad leaves weed control in the winter wheat crop in the Juzni Banat region.

scholarly journals ДИНАМІКА ПОПУЛЯЦІЙ ДЕЯКИХ БУР’ЯНІВ В АГРОФІТОЦЕНОЗАХ ПШЕНИЦІ ЯРОЇ

2014 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
І. М. Соколовська
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effect On Yield

Дослідження сучасного стану популяцій бур'янів вагроценозах має суттєве значення для прогнозуванняподальшого їх розвитку й впливу на врожайність,якість і продуктивність сільськогосподарських куль-тур. На початку формування агрофітоценозу пше-ниці ярої найбільш чисельною групою бур’яновогокомпоненту були популяції ярих малолітніх бур’янів.Вони не складали конкуренції культурним рослинам,закінчуючи свій життєвий цикл раніше, тому не ма-ли істотного впливу на формування врожаю основноїкультури. Популяції коренепаросткових багаторіч-них бур'янів (будяк польовий, осот польовий, молочай,березка польова) у цей період формували найменшчисельну групу сегетальної рослинності, проте вонивідрізнялися високою екологічною стійкістю, показ-никами життєвості та високою здатністю конку-рувати з культурними рослинами, тому завдавалинайбільшої шкоди посівам пшениці ярової. Без прове-дення правильних і своєчасних агротехнічних заходівпопуляції цієї групи рослин набували екологічної стій-кості й мали значний вплив на формування агрофіто-ценозу і врожаю ярої пшениці. The study of the current state of weed populations in agrocenoses is important for predicting their subsequent development and effect on yield, quality and productivity of crops. At the beginning of the formation of the agrophytocenoses of spring wheat the largest groups of the weedy component were the populations of young weeds. They did not compete with the cultivated plants, finished their life cycle before, so did not have a significant effect on the formation of the yield of the main crop. The populations of the root-and-shoot perennial weeds (Cirsium arvense. Cirsium arvense. Convolvulus arvensis L.. ) in this period formed the least numerical segetal large group of plants. But they differed of high ecological stability, performances of vitality and high ability to compete with cultivated plants, that’s why they inflicted the most damage to crops of spring wheat. The populations of this group of plants acquired the environmental stability and had a significant influence on the formation of the agrophytocenoses and yield of spring wheat without conduction proper and timely measures.

STUDY OF WEED FLORA OF MAIZE CROPS IN THE NISAVA DISTRICT

2018 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Jelica Živić ◽  
Milić Vojinović ◽  
Ivica Stančić ◽  
Saša Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
The Right

The damage from the present weeds in maize crop is shown by the reduction of yield in almost every year and their suppression is completely economically justified. The right selection of herbicides mostly depends on the presence of dominant weed species and the time of application. The paper presents the distribution and existence of economically harmful, invasive and quarantine weed species (Abutilon theophrasti, Agropyrum repens, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Capsela bursa-pastoris, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium hybridum, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Datura stramonium, Avena fatua, Calystegia sepium …) on ten locations of maize crops in the Nisava district. Estimation of the species presence was done in two shootings (May and August) on scale 1-4 (1 - species appears individually and occupy up to 5% of the surface, 2 - appears and occupies 5-25% of the surface, 3 - appears often and occupies 25-50% of the surface, 4 - the species prevails over the cultivated plant and occupies over 50% of the surface).

Aminocyclopyrachlor Absorption, Translocation and Metabolism in Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bradley Lindenmayer ◽  
Scott J. Nissen ◽  
Philip P. Westra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner ◽  
Galen Brunk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Aboveground Tissue

Field bindweed is extremely susceptible to aminocyclopyrachlor compared to other weed species. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine if absorption, translocation, and metabolism of aminocyclopyrachlor in field bindweed differs from other, less susceptible species. Field bindweed plants were treated with 3.3 kBq14C-aminocyclopyrachlor by spotting a single leaf mid-way up the stem with 10 µl of herbicide solution. Plants were then harvested at set intervals over 192 h after treatment (HAT). Aminocyclopyrachlor absorption reached a maximum of 48.3% of the applied radioactivity by 48 HAT. A translocation pattern of herbicide movement from the treated leaf into other plant tissues emerged, revealing a nearly equal aminocyclopyrachlor distribution between the treated leaf, aboveground tissue, and belowground tissue of 13, 14, and 14% of the applied radioactivity by 192 HAT. Over the time-course, no soluble aminocyclopyrachlor metabolites were observed, but there was an increase in radioactivity recovered bound in the nonsoluble fraction. These results suggest that aminocyclopyrachlor has greater translocation to belowground plant tissue in field bindweed compared with results from other studies with other herbicides and other weed species, which could explain the increased level of control observed in the field. The lack of soluble metabolites also suggests that very little metabolism occurred over the 192 h time course.

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