scholarly journals Susceptibility of different parsley cultivars to infestation by pathogenic fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Second Year

The experiments were carried out in the years 2002 and 2003 on parsley seeds of 6 cultivars: Alba, Berlińska, Cukrowa, Kinga, Lenka, and Vistula. Mycological analysis of parsley seeds showed that the most common inhabitans were fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> (mainly <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>A. radicina</i>) and <i>Fusarium</i>, especially <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i>. During the glasshouse investigations fungi <i>Alternaria radicina</i>, <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> were the main reason for parsley damping-off. The highest number of infected seedlings was observed for Berlińska and Kinga, because in both years of experiments these cultivars had the lowest number of healthy seedlings. The highest number of healthy seedlings had cultivars Alba and Lenka, especially in the second year of experiments. In the field experiments not only fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> were the most often isolated from diseased parsley seedlings. <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was more often isolated from diseased field seedlings than from glasshouse parsley seedlings. Other fungies isolated often from parsley seedlings cultivated in the field were: <i>Pythium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i> and <i>Stemphylium botryosum</i>.

EFFECTIVE FUNGICIDE DOSAGE IN RELATION TO INOCULUM CONCENTRATION IN SOIL

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd T. Richardson ◽  
Donald E. Munnecke
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Sterile Soil ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Pea Seedlings

A quantitative relationship was established between the fungicide dosage required to control a soil-borne disease and the concentration of mycelial inoculum in soil. The incidence of pre-emergence damping-off was observed in pea seedlings grown in non-sterile soil artifically infested with a series of concentrations of inoculum of Pythium irregulare or Rhizoctonia solani and treated with a dosage series of thiram or methylmercuric dicyandiamide. Parallel linear dosage–control curves were obtained which indicated that the logarithm of the fungicide dosage at the 50% control level increases proportionately with the logarithm of the inoculum density. This linear relationship provides a basis for evaluation of the activity of fungicides against various pathogenic fungi in soil.

scholarly journals Biocontrol of damping-off of zucchini squash seedlings with Bacillus subtilis QST 713

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Rosa Solano-Báez ◽  
Santos Gerardo Leyva-Mir ◽  
Rosalía Núñez-Pastrana ◽  
Andrés Quezada-Salinas ◽  
Guillermo Márquez-Licona
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Damping Off

<em>Bacillus subtilis</em> presenta actividad antagónica contra fitopatógenos. En el presente estudio, se identificaron los hongos asociados al ahogamiento en plántulas de calabacita y se evaluó la efectividad de la cepa QST 713 de <em>B. subtilis</em> ante la infección combinada de los hongos aislados. Los patógenos se aislaron de plántulas de calabacita con síntomas de ahogamiento. Se inocularon plántulas de calabacita var. Grey zucchini con propágulos de tres patógenos a una concentración de 4×105 UFC de cada patógeno. Se evaluó la efectividad de <em>B. subtilis</em> (2, 4 y 6×107 UFC mL-1) y se comparó con metil tiofanato + propamocarb clorhidrato (preventiva y curativa). La incidencia se evaluó a los tres, seis, nueve y 12 días (ddi). Se aislaron e identificaron tres hongos de 100 aislamientos: <em>Phytophthora capsici</em> (62%), <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> (26%) y <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> (12%). Se observó la eficiencia de <em>B. subtilis</em>, con una reducción en la incidencia de la enfermedad conforme se incrementó la concentración. Doce días después de la inoculación, la incidencia del ahogamiento en los tratamientos con <em>B. subtilis</em> varió de 18.3 a 41%. El tratamiento de <em>B. subtilis</em> (6×107 UFC mL-1) fue estadísticamente igual a metil tiofanato + propamocarb clorhidrato (curativo). La cepa QST 713 de<em> B. subtilis</em> controló un 81.7% el ahogamiento de plántulas de calabacita, aplicada de manera preventiva a una concentración de 6×107 UFC mL-1.

scholarly journals Evaluation of health state and growth of Gypsophila paniculata L. and Gypsophila repens L. groving in soil in variable fertilization

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Warner ◽  
Wojciech Antkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Health State ◽  
Gypsophila Paniculata ◽  
Npk Fertilization

The influence of NPK fertilization on plant growth and roots yield of <i>Gypsophila paniculata</i> and <i>Gypsophila repens</i> was investigated. The nutrients were applied in different proportions. The health state of <i>Gypsophila</i> was also analyzed. The pathogens isolated from plants showing the diseases symptoms represented eight species: <i>Alternaria dianthicola</i> Neergaard; <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> (Fr.) Sacc.; <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> (W. G.Smith) Sacc.; <i>F.equiseti</i> (Cola) Sacc.; <i>F.oxysporum</i> Schlecht., Snyder et Hansen; <i>F.sambucinum</i> Fuck; <i>Phytophthora</i> sp. de Bary; <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> K. Fusarium oxysporum and other species of fungi were isolated from <i>Gypsophila paniculata</i>, whilst from Gypsophila repens only <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was obtained.

scholarly journals Rhizoctonia solani damping-off on spring turnip rape and spring rape (Brassica spp.) in Finland

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Tahvonen ◽  
Jukka Hollo ◽  
Asko Hannukkala
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Spring Rape

Damping-off occurred in 90 % of the spring oilseed rape fields surveyed in 1981—1982. On the average, 10 % of the plants were infected with damping-off.6 % of the fields were severely infected (> 30 % of the plants affected) by damping-off and 38 % were uninfected or only slightly infected ( ≤ 5% of the plants affected). The incidence of damping-off was higher in those fields which had been under oilseed rape in earlier years. Ina crop rotation experiment, the amount of damping-off increased from 2 % to 20 %, and finally to 38 %, depending upon whether turnip rape had been grown on the same part of the field once, twice or three times. Crops other than Cruciferous ones were grown for 1 or 3 years between the turnip rape crops. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was isolated from 76 % of the affected plants. The R. solani isolates produced severe damping-off on rape and turnip rape in pathogenicity tests. R. solani isolates from barley, potato and lettuce brought about only mild cases of damping-off, or else only a decrease in the growth of the plants. Fusarium avenaceum Sacc. was the only other isolated fungus which was pathogenic.

scholarly journals Fungal diseases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivated in the south region of Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
S. Mazur ◽  
J. Nawrocki ◽  
J. Kućmierz
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Second Year

The investigations carried out in the last years showed that weather conditions were conductive to growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Poland. Our experiments started since 2000 on two cultivars Myles and Sanford. Evans replaced cv. Sanford in second year. The results pointed to the cv. Myles as generally healthiest and the percentage of infested plants was 3.2% in the first year and 0.92% in the next year. The experiment showed that the most important threats for plants during vegetation season were fungi from the genus Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani, isolated most often from roots. The basal parts of the stems affected mainly Alternaria genus. Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria sp. attack most frequently pods and seeds.

Effect of Dinitroanilines on Solanaceous Vegetables and Soil Fungi

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel ◽  
J. Katan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Black Beauty ◽  
Sensitive Fungus

The phytotoxicities of four substituted dinitroanilines,N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine (benefin), 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylcumidine (isopropalin), 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (nitralin), and α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin), to eggplant(Solarium melongenaL. ‘Black Beauty’), pepper(Capsicum annuumL. ‘Vindale’), and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘VF 145-B-7879′) were studied. Nitralin and trifluralin were most active in inhibiting root elongation and top growth of these plants, the effect of benefin was intermediate, and isopropalin was the least active herbicide. The order of crop tolerance was as follows: tomato > pepper > eggplant. The effect of these herbicides on two pathogenic fungi,Rhizoctonia solaniKuehn andFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici(Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans. was tested in culture and was found to be quantitatively and qualitatively different from that on plants. With both fungi benefin and trifluralin were more toxic than isopropalin, while nitralin showed a very low toxicity.R. solaniwas the less sensitive fungus.

scholarly journals Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose for Detection of Pathogenic Fungi and Applying It to Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5868
Author(s):  
Piotr Borowik ◽  
Leszek Adamowicz ◽  
Rafał Tarakowski ◽  
Przemysław Wacławik ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Machine Learning Classification ◽  
Metal Oxide Gas Sensors

Electronic noses can be applied as a rapid, cost-effective option for several applications. This paper presents the results of measurements of samples of two pathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, performed using two constructions of a low-cost electronic nose. The first electronic nose used six non-specific Figaro Inc. metal oxide gas sensors. The second one used ten sensors from only two models (TGS 2602 and TGS 2603) operating at different heater voltages. Sets of features describing the shapes of the measurement curves of the sensors’ responses when exposed to the odours were extracted. Machine learning classification models using the logistic regression method were created. We demonstrated the possibility of applying the low-cost electronic nose data to differentiate between the two studied species of fungi with acceptable accuracy. Improved classification performance could be obtained, mainly for measurements using TGS 2603 sensors operating at different voltage conditions.

scholarly journals Etiology of root parsley damping-off

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Low Intensity

The investigations were done between 1990-1994. Seedlings collected from 120 plantations were evaluated. The fungi responsible for seedling damping-off occurrening most often were <em>Alternariu</em> spp., <em>Fusarium</em> spp. and <em>Pythium</em> spp. isolated from 46,3, 32,2 and 16,6% of infected plants, respectively. The most important pathogens were <em>A.petroselini</em> which infected 33% of seedlings and <em>A.radicina</em> - 11%„ Among <em>Fusarium</em> species the most common was <em>F.avenaceum</em>, comprising 61% of total Fusarium isolates. The next were following: <em>F.culmorum</em> - 21%, <em>F.solani</em> - 12,6% and 3% for both <em>F.equiseti</em> and <em>F.oxysporum</em>. Damping-off of se,edlings was also caused by the other fungi but they were noted in low intensity. Among them were following: <em>Phoma</em> spp., <em>A.alternata</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> on 2,8; 2,3 and 1,2% of tested seedlings. respectively. The species: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris sorokinianu</em> and <em>Septoria petroselini</em> were isolated in total from 0,9% of seedlings. <em>Drechslera biseptata</em> and <em>Stemphylium botryosum</em> caused seedling damping-off sporadically.

scholarly journals Impact of Cellulose-Rich Organic Soil Amendments on Growth Dynamics and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Anna Clocchiatti ◽  
Silja Emilia Hannula ◽  
Muhammad Syamsu Rizaludin ◽  
Maria P. J. Hundscheid ◽  
Paulien J. A. klein klein Gunnewiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Paper Pulp ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Saprotrophic Fungi

Cellulose-rich amendments stimulate saprotrophic fungi in arable soils. This may increase competitive and antagonistic interactions with root-infecting pathogenic fungi, resulting in lower disease incidence. However, cellulose-rich amendments may also stimulate pathogenic fungi with saprotrophic abilities, thereby increasing plant disease severity. The current study explores these scenarios, with a focus on the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Saprotrophic growth of R. solani on cellulose-rich materials was tested in vitro. This confirmed paper pulp as a highly suitable substrate for R. solani, whereas its performance on wood sawdusts varied with tree species. In two pot experiments, the effects of amendment of R. solani-infected soil with cellulose-rich materials on performance of beetroot seedlings were tested. All deciduous sawdusts and paper pulp stimulated soil fungal biomass, but only oak, elder and beech sawdusts reduced damping-off of beetroot. Oak sawdust amendment gave a consistent stimulation of saprotrophic Sordariomycetes fungi and of seedling performance, independently of the time between amendment and sowing. In contrast, paper pulp caused a short-term increase in R. solani abundance, coinciding with increased disease severity for beet seedlings sown immediately after amendment. However, damping-off of beetroot was reduced if plants were sown two or four weeks after paper pulp amendment. Cellulolytic bacteria, including Cytophagaceae, responded to paper pulp during the first two weeks and may have counteracted further spread of R. solani. The results showed that fungus-stimulating, cellulose-rich amendments have potential to be used for suppression of R. solani. However, such amendments require a careful consideration of material choice and application strategy.

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