scholarly journals Etiology of root parsley damping-off

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki

The investigations were done between 1990-1994. Seedlings collected from 120 plantations were evaluated. The fungi responsible for seedling damping-off occurrening most often were <em>Alternariu</em> spp., <em>Fusarium</em> spp. and <em>Pythium</em> spp. isolated from 46,3, 32,2 and 16,6% of infected plants, respectively. The most important pathogens were <em>A.petroselini</em> which infected 33% of seedlings and <em>A.radicina</em> - 11%„ Among <em>Fusarium</em> species the most common was <em>F.avenaceum</em>, comprising 61% of total Fusarium isolates. The next were following: <em>F.culmorum</em> - 21%, <em>F.solani</em> - 12,6% and 3% for both <em>F.equiseti</em> and <em>F.oxysporum</em>. Damping-off of se,edlings was also caused by the other fungi but they were noted in low intensity. Among them were following: <em>Phoma</em> spp., <em>A.alternata</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> on 2,8; 2,3 and 1,2% of tested seedlings. respectively. The species: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris sorokinianu</em> and <em>Septoria petroselini</em> were isolated in total from 0,9% of seedlings. <em>Drechslera biseptata</em> and <em>Stemphylium botryosum</em> caused seedling damping-off sporadically.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Joanna Marcinkowska

Seeds of 11 Austrian winter pea genotypes, harvested at Radzików (CEP) in 1993 and 1994, were evaluated for fungi occurrence on Coon's agar medium in Petri plates. Number of species isolated depended on the genotype and year of collection. <i>Alternaria alternata, Stemphylium botryosum</i> were found on all the tested samples and <i>Phoma pinodella</i> and <i>Fusarium poae</i> were also common while <i>Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Mycosphaerella pinodes</i> appeared to be common only in 1993. Three species occurred only once. The mycoflora was richer in 1993. The common seed inhabitants usually transmitted higher percentage of fungi than species occuring more seldom.


2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki

Over 10% ofseeds harvested in 1991 and 1992 (50 samples, 400 seeds in each sample) proved to be infested with various fungi. <em>Fusarium</em> spp. and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> were the most common pathogens isolated. <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em> was the most common and highIy pathogenic species. <em>Fusarium semitectum</em> and <em>F. tricinctum</em> were highly pathogenic to lupin seedlings but they were the least common <em>Fusarium</em> isolated from seeds. Similarily, <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> was isolated only from 0,2% seeds tested but this fungus was highly pathogenic to lupin seedlings. Some other fungi know as lupin pathogens (<em>F. oxysporum, Stemphylium botryosum, Pleiochaeta setosa</em> and <em>Phomopsis leptostromiformis</em>) were also noted in tested seeds.


2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki

The experiments were carried out in the years 2002 and 2003 on parsley seeds of 6 cultivars: Alba, Berlińska, Cukrowa, Kinga, Lenka, and Vistula. Mycological analysis of parsley seeds showed that the most common inhabitans were fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> (mainly <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>A. radicina</i>) and <i>Fusarium</i>, especially <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i>. During the glasshouse investigations fungi <i>Alternaria radicina</i>, <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> were the main reason for parsley damping-off. The highest number of infected seedlings was observed for Berlińska and Kinga, because in both years of experiments these cultivars had the lowest number of healthy seedlings. The highest number of healthy seedlings had cultivars Alba and Lenka, especially in the second year of experiments. In the field experiments not only fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> were the most often isolated from diseased parsley seedlings. <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was more often isolated from diseased field seedlings than from glasshouse parsley seedlings. Other fungies isolated often from parsley seedlings cultivated in the field were: <i>Pythium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i> and <i>Stemphylium botryosum</i>.


2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marcinkowska ◽  
J. W. Tomala-Bednarek ◽  
M. Schollenberger

Field observations on the occurrence of soybean diseases were undertaken in the southern and central regions of Poland in the period 1976-1980. Most prevalent were foliage diseases caused by <i>Peronospora manshurica, Pseudomonas syrinqae</i> pv. <i>glycinea</i> and soybean mosaic virus (SMV). <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Ascochyta sojaecola</i> were reported as pathogens of local importance. The following pathogenic fungi: <i>Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were also isolated from soybean.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
زهرة إبراهيم الجالي ◽  
آمنة عبد الحميد سعد

أُجريت التجربة خلال عامي 2019- 2020 في معمل أمراض النبات – كلية الزراعة – جامعة عمر المختار، بهدف دراسة تأثير البعض من أنواع الفطريات تضمنت Botrytis cinerea، Macrophomina phaseolina، Rhizoctonia solani، Sclerotinia sclerotiorum و Trichoderma harzianum على نسبة، وسرعة الإنبات، ومستوى تعفن الجذور في بذور الفول صنف Minor معملياً. تم تحضين البذور بعد تعقيمها سطحياً، وزراعتها في أطباق بتري على الوسط WA 1% الملقح بالفطريات المدروسة. سجلت التجربة اختلافات معنوية في نسبة الإنبات، و سرعته، ومستوى المرض. أفضل إنبات للبذور كان في معاملة T. harzianum (91.7%)، ولكن ليس أكثر من الشاهد (%100)، وأقل إنبات (25%) كان في البذور المعاملة بالفطرين M. phaseolina وR. Solani. كانت أعلى سرعة إنبات (3.1) للبذور في محيط Trichoderma أكثر من بذور الشاهد، والفطريات المُمْرِضة، في حين وصل مستوى المرض أعلاه (4.8) على الجُذير في معاملة الفطر R. solani، وسجل (0) في مُعاملتي الــــTrichoderma والشاهد. نستنتج من الدراسة أن معاملة البذور  بالفطر T. harzianum يمكن أن تكون مفيدة لتحسين إنبات بذور الفول، بالإضافة إلى خفض الإنبات المتأخر.


2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki

When 136 samples of dying carrot seedlings from several fields were analyzed <em>Alternaria rudicina</em> proved to be the most common seedling pathogen (41%), followed by some <em>Fusarium</em> species (27%, mostly <em>F. avenaceum</em>).The less common seedling pathogens were <em>Pythium</em> spp. (13%), <em>Phoma</em> spp.(2,5%) and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> (1,4%). Some other fungi (<em>Bipolaris sorokiniana, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stemphylium botryosym</em> and <em>Ulocladium consortiale</em>) were found in less than 1% of seedlings examined.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


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