scholarly journals Soybean diseases in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marcinkowska ◽  
J. W. Tomala-Bednarek ◽  
M. Schollenberger
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Soybean Diseases

Field observations on the occurrence of soybean diseases were undertaken in the southern and central regions of Poland in the period 1976-1980. Most prevalent were foliage diseases caused by <i>Peronospora manshurica, Pseudomonas syrinqae</i> pv. <i>glycinea</i> and soybean mosaic virus (SMV). <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Ascochyta sojaecola</i> were reported as pathogens of local importance. The following pathogenic fungi: <i>Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were also isolated from soybean.

scholarly journals Etiology of root parsley damping-off

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Low Intensity

The investigations were done between 1990-1994. Seedlings collected from 120 plantations were evaluated. The fungi responsible for seedling damping-off occurrening most often were <em>Alternariu</em> spp., <em>Fusarium</em> spp. and <em>Pythium</em> spp. isolated from 46,3, 32,2 and 16,6% of infected plants, respectively. The most important pathogens were <em>A.petroselini</em> which infected 33% of seedlings and <em>A.radicina</em> - 11%„ Among <em>Fusarium</em> species the most common was <em>F.avenaceum</em>, comprising 61% of total Fusarium isolates. The next were following: <em>F.culmorum</em> - 21%, <em>F.solani</em> - 12,6% and 3% for both <em>F.equiseti</em> and <em>F.oxysporum</em>. Damping-off of se,edlings was also caused by the other fungi but they were noted in low intensity. Among them were following: <em>Phoma</em> spp., <em>A.alternata</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> on 2,8; 2,3 and 1,2% of tested seedlings. respectively. The species: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris sorokinianu</em> and <em>Septoria petroselini</em> were isolated in total from 0,9% of seedlings. <em>Drechslera biseptata</em> and <em>Stemphylium botryosum</em> caused seedling damping-off sporadically.

scholarly journals تأثير بعض أنواع الفطريات على استنبات بذور الفول fababean صنف Minor في ليبيا

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-333
Author(s):  
زهرة إبراهيم الجالي ◽  
آمنة عبد الحميد سعد
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina

أُجريت التجربة خلال عامي 2019- 2020 في معمل أمراض النبات – كلية الزراعة – جامعة عمر المختار، بهدف دراسة تأثير البعض من أنواع الفطريات تضمنت Botrytis cinerea، Macrophomina phaseolina، Rhizoctonia solani، Sclerotinia sclerotiorum و Trichoderma harzianum على نسبة، وسرعة الإنبات، ومستوى تعفن الجذور في بذور الفول صنف Minor معملياً. تم تحضين البذور بعد تعقيمها سطحياً، وزراعتها في أطباق بتري على الوسط WA 1% الملقح بالفطريات المدروسة. سجلت التجربة اختلافات معنوية في نسبة الإنبات، و سرعته، ومستوى المرض. أفضل إنبات للبذور كان في معاملة T. harzianum (91.7%)، ولكن ليس أكثر من الشاهد (%100)، وأقل إنبات (25%) كان في البذور المعاملة بالفطرين M. phaseolina وR. Solani. كانت أعلى سرعة إنبات (3.1) للبذور في محيط Trichoderma أكثر من بذور الشاهد، والفطريات المُمْرِضة، في حين وصل مستوى المرض أعلاه (4.8) على الجُذير في معاملة الفطر R. solani، وسجل (0) في مُعاملتي الــــTrichoderma والشاهد. نستنتج من الدراسة أن معاملة البذور  بالفطر T. harzianum يمكن أن تكون مفيدة لتحسين إنبات بذور الفول، بالإضافة إلى خفض الإنبات المتأخر.

scholarly journals The Elicitation Effect of Pathogenic Fungi on Trichodermin Production byTrichoderma brevicompactum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Ping Shentu ◽  
Wei-Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao-Huan Zhan ◽  
Xiao-Ping Yu ◽  
Chuan-Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Optimum Time

The effects of six species of phytopathogenic fungi mycelia as elicitors on trichodermin yield byTrichoderma brevicompactumwere investigated. Neither nonviable nor viable mycelia ofBotrytis cinerea,Alternaria solani,Colletotrichum lindemuthianum,andThanatephorus cucumerisdemonstrated any elicitation on the accumulation of trichodermin. However, the production of trichodermin was increased by the presence of viable/nonviableRhizoctonia solaniandFusarium oxysporummycelia. The strongest elicitation effect was found at the presence of nonviableR. solani. At the presence of nonviableR. solani, the maximum yield of trichodermin (144.55 mg/L) was significantly higher than the Control (67.8 mg/L), and the cultivation time to obtain the maximum yield of trichodermin decreased from 72 h to 60 h. No difference of trichodermin accumulation was observed by changing the concentration of nonviableR. solanifrom 0.1 to 1.6 g/L. It was observed that the optimum time for adding nonviableR. solaniis immediately after inoculation. The diameter ofT. brevicompactummycelial globule after 72 h cultivation with nonviableR. solanielicitor was smaller than that of the Control.

scholarly journals Identification of the viral determinant of hypovirulence and host range in Sclerotiniaceae of a genomovirus reconstructed from the plant metagenome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Feng ◽  
Jiuhuan Feng ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Connor Pedersen ◽  
Xiuqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Insect Cells ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Replication Initiation ◽  
Viral Determinant

Uncharacterized viral genomes that encode circular replication-associated proteins of single-stranded DNA viruses have been discovered by metagenomics/metatranscriptomics approaches. Some of these novel viruses are classified under the newly formed Genomoviridae family. Here, we determine the host range of a novel genomovirus, SlaGemV-1, through the transfection of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with infectious clones. Inoculating with the rescued virions, we further transfected Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia fruticola , two economically important members of family Sclerotiniaceae, and Fusarium oxysporum . SlaGemV-1 causes hypovirulence in S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea , and M. fruticola . SlaGemV-1 also replicates in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells, but not in Caenorhabditis elegans nor plants. By expressing viral-encoded genes separately through site-specific integration, the replication protein alone was sufficient to cause debilitation. Our study is the first to demonstrate the reconstruction of a metagenomically discovered genomovirus without known hosts with the potential of inducing hypovirulence, and the infectious clone allows for studying mechanisms of genomovirus-host interactions that are conserved across genera. Importance Little is known about the exact host range of widespread genomoviruses. The genome of soybean leaf-associated gemygorvirus-1 (SlaGemV-1) was originally assembled from a metagenomic/metatranscriptomic study without known hosts. Here, we rescued SlaGemV-1 and found that it could infect three important plant pathogenic fungi and Fall armyworm (S. frugiperda , Sf9) insect cells, but not a model nematode, C. elegans , or model plant species. Most importantly, SlaGemV-1 shows promise for inducing hypovirulence of the tested fungal species under family Sclerotiniaceae, including Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , Botrytis cinerea , Monilinia fruticola . The viral determinant of hypovirulence was further identified as replication initiation protein. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate that viromes discovered in plant metagenome can be a valuable genetic resource when novel viruses are rescued and characterized for their host range.

scholarly journals Mycoflora of Viola wittrockiana Games seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Danuta Pięta ◽  
Irena Kiecana
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isolated Species

Thirty seed speciments of <i>Viola wittrockiana</i> harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. As a result of mycological analysis, 1808 fungi isolates belonging to 19 species were obtained. Most frequently isolated species was <i>Alternaria alternata</i> whose isolates made 26 % of isolations of all the fungi. Among the fungi isolated particularly from undisinfected seeds the species from the <i>Penicillium</i> kind were dominant. Pathogenic fungi like <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> were also isolated from the investigated seeds.

scholarly journals Effects of Some Plant Extracts, Bioagents, and Organic Compounds on Botrytis and Sclerotinia Molds

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Abdel Wahab ◽  
Ahmed Malek ◽  
Mohamed Ghobara
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Bean Leaves

<em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> are necrotrophic fungi and are closely related pathogenic fungi that infect hundreds of plant species worldwide. In this study, the natural botryticidal/scleroticidal efficacy of some plant extracts, bioagents, and organic compounds known to possess antifungal activity was evaluated. Pathogenicity tests of the fungal molds showed virulence divergence, depending on the isolate and host plant. All <em>B. cinerea</em> isolates, except the BF isolate that infected only broad bean leaves, demonstrated ability to infect detached lettuce and broad bean leaves. Moreover, all <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> isolates, except for SSP, demonstrated ability to infect the two plant species, whereas the SSB isolate did not cause any infection in broad bean leaves. The efficacies of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (Mor), <em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em> (Cin), amino acid derivatives (Aad), <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (TH), <em>Cactus</em> spp. (Agr), and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (BS) were tested either in vitro or in vivo against the highly virulent isolates of the two pathogenic fungi. The efficacy of most potential biofungicides was consistent in vitro as well as in vivo, and the inhibitory efficacy of TH, BS, Cin, Mor, and Aad treatments was significantly high against <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> in vitro and ranged from 62% to 100%, depending on the isolate. In addition, BS, Aad, TH, and Mor treatments had significant inhibitory effects ranging from 53% to 100% against most of the isolates on lettuce leaves. The Agr and Cin treatments exhibited low or no inhibitory effects against many isolates in vivo, and they reduced the mold infection caused by only BCC and SSB isolates. Most of the tested potential biofungicide treatments tended to reduce mold infections, and some of them, such as Cin, exhibited a higher inhibitory effect in vitro than the others. Real-time PCR was conducted for some symptomatic/asymptomatic samples, and the results showed either consistent molecular/symptomatic patterns or latency of <em>B. cinerea</em>. The results confirmed the suitability of the studied natural compounds as effective biofungicides, and they could be the best choice to safely control the most destructive fungal molds.

scholarly journals DOENÇAS EM CULTIVOS HIDROPÔNICOS DE ALFACE NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CURITIBA/PR

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Strapasson Caillet da SILVA ◽  
Vismar Da Costa LIMA NETO
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Bremia Lactucae ◽  
Lettuce Mosaic Virus ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L

Em levantamentos realizados entre 2003 e 2004, em dez propriedades produtoras de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) sob cultivo hidropônico, abrangendo cinco municípios da região metropolitana de Curitiba/PR, foram identificadas as seguintes doenças: míldio (Bremia lactucae), oídio (Oidium sp.), queima da saia (Rhizoctonia solani), podridão de esclerotínia (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), podridão mole (Pectobacterium carotovorum), vírus do mosaico comum da alface (lettuce mosaic vírus) e o complexo do espessamento clorótico das nervuras constituído pelos vírus Mirafiori da alface (Mirafiori lettuce virus) e o vírus associado do espessamento clorótico (Lettuce big vein associated virus). Míldio, mosaico da alface, o complexo do espessamento clorótico, queima da saia e podridão de esclerotínia foram mais prevalentes nos meses mais frescos do ano. Oídio e podridão mole foram de ocorrência mais comum nos meses mais quentes.

scholarly journals Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoxazolecarboxamides and their Fungicidal Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Marek Gołębiewski
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Nitrile Oxides

<p>A series of new 3-substituted isoxazolecarboxamides have been prepared from aldehydes. The key step was a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides to a,b-unsaturated esters and amides. The cycloadditions to amides were mediated by chiral ligands and several products displayed excellent enantioselectivities. Some of the title compounds exhibited good fungicidal activities against <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, <em>Fusarium culmorum</em>, <em>Phytophthora cactorum</em>, and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> strains.</p>

scholarly journals ε-poly-L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Tao Zhou ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Yuanmin Huang ◽  
Zehao Wang ◽  
Yuhang Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Differential Expressed Genes ◽  
Toxic Food

Microbial secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces are applied to control plant diseases. The metabolite, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), is a non-toxic food preservative, but the potential application of this compound as a microbial fungicide in agriculture is rarely reported. In this study, the effect and mode of action of ε-PL on two necrotrophic pathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, were investigated. The results showed that ε-PL effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea with EC50 values of 283 μg/mL and 281 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, ε-PL at the dose of 150 and 300 μg/mL reduced S. sclerotiorum sclerotia formation. The results of the RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation indicated that ε-PL significantly regulated the gene expression of critical differential expressed genes (DEGs) involved in fungal growth, metabolism, pathogenicity, and induced an increase in the expression of the fungal stress responses and the detoxification genes. These results provided new insights for understanding the modes of action of ε-PL on S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea and improved the sustainable management of these plant diseases.

Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Wuye Ria Andayanie
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate  with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and  Mlg 3288  with the category of mild resistant.  They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal  antibody

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