scholarly journals The fungi causin damping-off of carrot seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Seedling Pathogens

When 136 samples of dying carrot seedlings from several fields were analyzed <em>Alternaria rudicina</em> proved to be the most common seedling pathogen (41%), followed by some <em>Fusarium</em> species (27%, mostly <em>F. avenaceum</em>).The less common seedling pathogens were <em>Pythium</em> spp. (13%), <em>Phoma</em> spp.(2,5%) and <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> (1,4%). Some other fungi (<em>Bipolaris sorokiniana, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stemphylium botryosym</em> and <em>Ulocladium consortiale</em>) were found in less than 1% of seedlings examined.

scholarly journals Etiology of root parsley damping-off

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Low Intensity

The investigations were done between 1990-1994. Seedlings collected from 120 plantations were evaluated. The fungi responsible for seedling damping-off occurrening most often were <em>Alternariu</em> spp., <em>Fusarium</em> spp. and <em>Pythium</em> spp. isolated from 46,3, 32,2 and 16,6% of infected plants, respectively. The most important pathogens were <em>A.petroselini</em> which infected 33% of seedlings and <em>A.radicina</em> - 11%„ Among <em>Fusarium</em> species the most common was <em>F.avenaceum</em>, comprising 61% of total Fusarium isolates. The next were following: <em>F.culmorum</em> - 21%, <em>F.solani</em> - 12,6% and 3% for both <em>F.equiseti</em> and <em>F.oxysporum</em>. Damping-off of se,edlings was also caused by the other fungi but they were noted in low intensity. Among them were following: <em>Phoma</em> spp., <em>A.alternata</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> on 2,8; 2,3 and 1,2% of tested seedlings. respectively. The species: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Bipolaris sorokinianu</em> and <em>Septoria petroselini</em> were isolated in total from 0,9% of seedlings. <em>Drechslera biseptata</em> and <em>Stemphylium botryosum</em> caused seedling damping-off sporadically.

Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Effect of organic solvent on fungicide toxicity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jie Liang ◽  
Xiao-Ming Lu ◽  
Zu-Qing Zhu ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

scholarly journals Micromycetes on Pisum sativum var. arvense

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Joanna Marcinkowska
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
The Common

Seeds of 11 Austrian winter pea genotypes, harvested at Radzików (CEP) in 1993 and 1994, were evaluated for fungi occurrence on Coon's agar medium in Petri plates. Number of species isolated depended on the genotype and year of collection. <i>Alternaria alternata, Stemphylium botryosum</i> were found on all the tested samples and <i>Phoma pinodella</i> and <i>Fusarium poae</i> were also common while <i>Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Mycosphaerella pinodes</i> appeared to be common only in 1993. Three species occurred only once. The mycoflora was richer in 1993. The common seed inhabitants usually transmitted higher percentage of fungi than species occuring more seldom.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Geographic Distribution of a Mymonavirus in the Population of Botrytis cinerea

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangmin Hao ◽  
Mingde Wu ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rdrp Domain ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reading Frames

Here, we characterized a negative single-stranded (−ss)RNA mycovirus, Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 (BcMyV1), isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The genome of BcMyV1 is 7863 nt in length, possessing three open reading frames (ORF1–3). The ORF1 encodes a large polypeptide containing a conserved mononegaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain showing homology to the protein L of mymonaviruses, whereas the possible functions of the remaining two ORFs are still unknown. The internal cDNA sequence (10-7829) of BcMyV1 was 97.9% identical to the full-length cDNA sequence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative stranded RNA virus 7 (SsNSRV7), a virus-like contig obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum metatranscriptomes, indicating BcMyV1 should be a strain of SsNSRV7. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp domains showed that BcMyV1 was clustered with the viruses in the family Mymonaviridae, suggesting it is a member of Mymonaviridae. BcMyV1 may be widely distributed in regions where B. cinerea occurs in China and even over the world, although it infected only 0.8% of tested B. cinerea strains.

INFLUENCE OF BIOPREPARATES ON MICROBIOLOGICAL DEPRIVATION AND CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF THE BEETROOT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г.А. КУПИН ◽  
Т.В. ПЕРШАКОВА ◽  
П.И. КУДИНОВ ◽  
Л.В. МИХАЙЛЮТА ◽  
М.В. БАБАКИНА
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Biological Preparation ◽  
Control Samples

Проведены исследования по определению эффективности ингибирующего действия биопрепаратов Экстрасол, Бактофит и Алирин на фитопатогены Sclerotinia sclerotiorum и Botrytis cinerea, вызывающие белую и серую гниль корнеплодов свеклы столовой в процессе хранения. Установлено, что биопрепарат Бактофит имеет наибольшую активность в отношении исследованных фитопатогенных микроорганизмов. Потенциал биопрепарата для контроля порчи свеклы столовой оценивали в опытах in vitro. Ингибирующую способность биопрепарата Бактофит по отношению к Sclerotinia sclerotiorum и Botrytis cinerea исследовали в срезах корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 25°С в течение 7 и 14 сут и при 2°С в течение 7, 14, 28 и 35 сут. Установлено, что после хранения образцов корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 25°C в течение 7 и 14 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Sclerotinia sclerotiorum в контрольных образцах без внесения Бактофита составил 4,5 и 7,5 мм соответственно; в опытных образцах, зараженных фитопатогенном, но обработанных биопрепаратом, – 2,2 и 4,5 мм соответственно. При температуре хранения 2°C образцов корнеплодов свеклы в течение 7 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Botrytis cinerea в контрольных образцах составил 1,8 мм, в образцах с внесением биопрепарата признаков развития заболевания не наблюдалось. После хранения образцов корнеплодов свеклы при температуре 2°C через 14, 28 и 35 сут средний диаметр зоны поражения Botrytis cinerea в образцах, не обработанных Бактофитом, составил 3,0; 5,1 и 7,4 мм соответственно; в образцах, прошедших обработку биопрепаратом, – 0,8; 2,0 и 2,5 мм соответственно. Доказана целесообразность применения биопрепарата Бактофит для контроля развития микробиальной порчи свеклы в процессе хранения. Обработка корнеплодов свеклы биопрепаратом Бактофит в сочетании с надлежащими технологиями хранения может снизить количественные и качественные потери продукции растениеводства за счет предотвращения микробиологической порчи. Some investigation were done to define effectiveness of biological preparation Extrasol, Bactofit and Alirin action on phytopathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bothrytis cinerea, which cause diseases (white and gray rot) of beetroot during storage. It was stated that biological preparation Bactofit is most active and effective against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Potential of the biopreparation to control beethroot diseases was estimated in in vitro experiments. Antogonistic activity of biological preparations Bactofit against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Bothrytis cinerea was investigated in beetroot cut under 25°C during 7 and 14 days and 7, 14, 28 and 35 days under 2°C. It was found that after storage of samples of beet roots at 25°C for 7 and 14 days the mean diameter of the affected area of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the control samples without making Bactofit was 4,5 and 7,5 mm, respectively; in the experimental samples infected with pathogenic, but are processed by the biological product, and 2,2 and 4,5 mm, respectively. At a storage temperature of 2°C beet root samples for 7 days, the average diameter of the Botrytis cinerea lesion zone in the control samples was 1,8 mm, in the samples with the introduction of a biopreparation no signs of the disease were observed. After storage of samples of beet root crops at a temperature of 2°C through 14, 28 and 35 days, the average diameter of the lesion zone Botrytis cinerea in samples not treated with Bactophyt was 3,0; 5,1 and 7,4 mm, respectively; in samples treated with a biological product – 0,8; 2,0 and 2,5 mm, respectively.. The feasibility of application of biological Bactofit to control the development of microbial deprivation of the beets during storage proved. Processing beet biologic Bactofit in combination with appropriate storage technologies can reduce quantitative and qualitative losses of crop production by preventing microbial deprivation.

scholarly journals Identification and application of exogenous dsRNA confers plant protection against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Austein G. McLoughlin ◽  
Nick Wytinck ◽  
Philip L. Walker ◽  
Ian J. Girard ◽  
Khalid Y. Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Protection

Expression of L-amino acid oxidase of Trichoderma harzianum in tobacco confers resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

Plant Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 110772
Author(s):  
Kou-Cheng Peng ◽  
Chao-Chi Lin ◽  
Chong-Fu Liao ◽  
Hsin-Chiao Yu ◽  
Chaur-Tsuen Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase

scholarly journals Effects of SHAM on the Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea to QoI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1884-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Liang ◽  
Jinli Li ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
The Ideal

It is a common practice to add salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) into artificial medium in the in vitro sensitivity assay of fungal phytopathogens to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. The rationale for adding SHAM is to inhibit fungal alternative oxidase, which is presumed to be inhibited by secondary metabolites of plants. Therefore, the ideal characteristics of SHAM should be almost nontoxic to phytopathogens and have no significant effect on control efficacy of fungicides. However, this study showed that the average effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50) of mycelial growth values of SHAM were 97.5 and 401.4 μg/ml for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. EC50 values of the three QoI fungicides azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin in the presence of SHAM at 20 and 80 μg/ml for S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, respectively, declined by 52.7 to 78.1% compared with those without SHAM. For the dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlone, the average EC50 values in the presence of SHAM declined by 18.2% (P = 0.008) for S. sclerotiorum and 35.9% (P = 0.012) for B. cinerea. Pot experiments showed that SHAM increased control efficacy of the three QoI fungicides against the two pathogens by 43 to 83%. For dimethachlone, SHAM increased control efficacy by 134% for S. sclerotiorum and 86% for B. cinerea. Biochemical studies showed that SHAM significantly inhibited peroxidase activity (P = 0.024) of B. cinerea and esterase activity (P = 0.015) of S. sclerotiorum. The strong inhibitions of SHAM per se on mycelial growth of B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum and significant influences on the sensitivity of the two pathogens to both the QoI fungicides and dimethachlone as well as inhibitions on peroxidase and esterase indicate that SHAM should not be added in the in vitro assay of sensitivity to the QoI fungicides.

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