scholarly journals Mycoflora of Viola wittrockiana Games seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Danuta Pięta ◽  
Irena Kiecana
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isolated Species

Thirty seed speciments of <i>Viola wittrockiana</i> harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. As a result of mycological analysis, 1808 fungi isolates belonging to 19 species were obtained. Most frequently isolated species was <i>Alternaria alternata</i> whose isolates made 26 % of isolations of all the fungi. Among the fungi isolated particularly from undisinfected seeds the species from the <i>Penicillium</i> kind were dominant. Pathogenic fungi like <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> were also isolated from the investigated seeds.

scholarly journals Mycoflora of Calendula officinalis L. seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Danuta Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

The seeds of <i>Calendula offlcinalis</i> harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. Agar medium with nitrients was used to isolate the fungi. As a result of the mycological analysis, 3642 isolates belonglng to 23 species and dark unsporulating mycelium were obtained. <i>Alternaria alternata</i> dominated among the isolated fungi. Moreover, <i>Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium avenaceum</i> and <i>Sclerotinia sc1erotiorum</i> were obtained from the seeds.

scholarly journals Soybean diseases in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marcinkowska ◽  
J. W. Tomala-Bednarek ◽  
M. Schollenberger
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Soybean Diseases

Field observations on the occurrence of soybean diseases were undertaken in the southern and central regions of Poland in the period 1976-1980. Most prevalent were foliage diseases caused by <i>Peronospora manshurica, Pseudomonas syrinqae</i> pv. <i>glycinea</i> and soybean mosaic virus (SMV). <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Ascochyta sojaecola</i> were reported as pathogens of local importance. The following pathogenic fungi: <i>Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum, F. oxysporum</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were also isolated from soybean.

Mycoflora of Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa needles. II. Epiphytic fungi

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2061-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Legault ◽  
M. Dessureault ◽  
G. Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Epiphytic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Brevicompactum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Isolated Species

The epiphytic mycoflora isolated from healthy needles of Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa was investigated. Approximately 75% of the fungi were present on less than 5% of the needles. The number of different fungi per needle increased with needle age on both species, but more fungi were found on P. resinosa needles. The most frequently isolated species were common primary saprophytes nonspecific to Pinus: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Epicoccum purpurascens, and Hormonema dematioides. Aureobasidium microstictum, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. spinulosum, and Pithomyces chartarum are reported for the first time in the phylloplane of Pinus.

scholarly journals Trichoderma atroviride: an isolate from forest environment with secondary metabolites with high antimicrobial potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Ján Víglaš ◽  
Petra Olejníková
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride

Abstract This work was focused on the characterization of novel isolate of Trichoderma atroviride O1, found in the forest around the village of Zázrivá (the Northern Slovakia, region Orava). The isolate was identified by sequencing its internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. T. atroviride O1 stimulated the development of lateral roots of model plant Lepidium sativum. Simultaneously, the isolate has proved its high mycoparasitic potential as it displayed the ability to attack colonies of phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, Botrytis cinerea). This isolate produced secondary metabolites, which were isolated and tested for the antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. The growth of these bacteria was suppressed to 10 % and 40 %, respectively. The suppression of the growth of two Candida species was also strong (10 % growth). However, growth parameters of three phytopathogenic fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium culmorum) were less affected (75 % growth in comparison with the control). Attempts were made to characterize secondary metabolites isolated from T. atroviride O1. Known peptaibols, 20—21 amino acid long, but also shorter peptides, were detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Thus, this study demonstrates the plant growth promotion, strong mycoparasitic potential and antimicrobial activity of the isolate T. atroviride O1, which could be in part ascribed to the production of secondary metabolites. This isolate does have a potential in the biocontrol in eco-farming. Further study, particularly, the identification of produced secondary metabolites, is needed.

scholarly journals Enantioselective Synthesis of Isoxazolecarboxamides and their Fungicidal Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Marek Gołębiewski
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Nitrile Oxides

<p>A series of new 3-substituted isoxazolecarboxamides have been prepared from aldehydes. The key step was a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides to a,b-unsaturated esters and amides. The cycloadditions to amides were mediated by chiral ligands and several products displayed excellent enantioselectivities. Some of the title compounds exhibited good fungicidal activities against <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, <em>Fusarium culmorum</em>, <em>Phytophthora cactorum</em>, and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> strains.</p>

Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong You ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
JinPeng Yang ◽  
Chunlei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

scholarly journals ANTI-CANDIDA ALBICANS ACTIVITY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CITRONELAL WITH ANFOTERICIN B OR WITH CETOCONAZOLE

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Patrícia Duarte Costa SILVA ◽  
Brenda Lavínia Calixto dos SANTOS ◽  
Gustavo Lima SOARES ◽  
Wylly Araújo de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Isolated Species

Fungal infections caused by species of the genus Candida are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Among fungi, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species of clinical specimens. A problem associated with increased resistance of pathogenic fungi to the agents used in the therapeutic regimen and the limited number of drugs to cure these infections. As a result, the search for new drugs with antifungal activity has become increasingly important. The aim of this study is to study the antifungal activity of citronellal alone and in combination with amphotericin B or ketoconazole. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of citronellal, amphotericin B and ketoconazole against strains of Candida albicans were evaluated by the microdilution technique, and the Minimum Fungicide Concentration of citronellal against the same strains was also performed. Through the checkerboard methodology the effect of the combination of citronelal with amphotericin B or with ketoconazole was determined. This study showed that the association of citronellal with ketoconazole was shown to be an additive against one of the strains of C. albicans and indifferent to another strain. While the combined activity of citronellal and amphotericin B demonstrated an indifferent effect on the strains tested.

scholarly journals Micromycetes on Pisum sativum var. arvense

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Joanna Marcinkowska
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
The Common

Seeds of 11 Austrian winter pea genotypes, harvested at Radzików (CEP) in 1993 and 1994, were evaluated for fungi occurrence on Coon's agar medium in Petri plates. Number of species isolated depended on the genotype and year of collection. <i>Alternaria alternata, Stemphylium botryosum</i> were found on all the tested samples and <i>Phoma pinodella</i> and <i>Fusarium poae</i> were also common while <i>Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Mycosphaerella pinodes</i> appeared to be common only in 1993. Three species occurred only once. The mycoflora was richer in 1993. The common seed inhabitants usually transmitted higher percentage of fungi than species occuring more seldom.

scholarly journals Fungi inhabiting healthy grapevine canes (Vitis spp.) in some nurseries

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Król
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Propagation Material ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The purpose of this study, conducted in the years 2000 - 2002, was to identify fungi species colonizing apparently healthy canes and to investigate whether canes storage modify the quantitative and qualitative composition of these fungi. The plant material was collected from 5 commercial plantations growing in various regions of Poland, taking into consideration 8 cultivars which were the most frequently cultivated. From each plantation and cultivar 20 apparently healthy canes were randomly sampled in two terms: before storage - November/December (term I) and 3-4 months after storage - February/March (term II). The results showed that from asymptomatic canes 2746 isolates of fungi belonging to 23 species were obtained, but the majority of them origined from canes analysed after storage. It was found that <i>P. viticola</i> is able to live latently within grapevine tissue in Polish conditions because isolates of this fungus from visually healty canes the all studied plantations and terms were obtained. Among the other fungi species inhabiting grapevine canes <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. dominated. Moreover, both in term I and term II <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Phoma</i> spp., <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i> and <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> were frequently isolated, whereas fungi from the genus <i>Acremonium</i> only in the term I. Each time isolates of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. and <i>Gliocladium</i> spp. were also obtained. Inhabitation of grapevine canes by various fungi species shown in the present experiment indicate the danger of pathogens spread with propagation material on the new plantations.

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