Mycoflora of Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa needles. II. Epiphytic fungi

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2061-2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Legault ◽  
M. Dessureault ◽  
G. Laflamme
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Epiphytic Fungi ◽  
Penicillium Brevicompactum ◽  
First Time ◽  
Isolated Species

The epiphytic mycoflora isolated from healthy needles of Pinus banksiana and Pinus resinosa was investigated. Approximately 75% of the fungi were present on less than 5% of the needles. The number of different fungi per needle increased with needle age on both species, but more fungi were found on P. resinosa needles. The most frequently isolated species were common primary saprophytes nonspecific to Pinus: Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium herbarum, Epicoccum purpurascens, and Hormonema dematioides. Aureobasidium microstictum, Penicillium brevicompactum, P. spinulosum, and Pithomyces chartarum are reported for the first time in the phylloplane of Pinus.

scholarly journals Mycoflora of Viola wittrockiana Games seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Danuta Pięta ◽  
Irena Kiecana
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Isolated Species

Thirty seed speciments of <i>Viola wittrockiana</i> harvested in the years 1985-1987 were investigated. As a result of mycological analysis, 1808 fungi isolates belonging to 19 species were obtained. Most frequently isolated species was <i>Alternaria alternata</i> whose isolates made 26 % of isolations of all the fungi. Among the fungi isolated particularly from undisinfected seeds the species from the <i>Penicillium</i> kind were dominant. Pathogenic fungi like <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> were also isolated from the investigated seeds.

scholarly journals Characterization of Postharvest Fungicide-Resistant Botrytis cinerea Isolates From Commercially Stored Apple Fruit

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne M. Jurick ◽  
Otilia Macarisin ◽  
Verneta L. Gaskins ◽  
Eunhee Park ◽  
Jiujiang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Pose Control ◽  
First Time

Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold and is an economically important postharvest pathogen of fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals. Fludioxonil-sensitive B. cinerea isolates were collected in 2011 and 2013 from commercial storage in Pennsylvania. Eight isolates had values for effective concentrations for inhibiting 50% of mycelial growth of 0.0004 to 0.0038 μg/ml for fludioxonil and were dual resistant to pyrimethanil and thiabendazole. Resistance was generated in vitro, following exposure to a sublethal dose of fludioxonil, in seven of eight dual-resistant B. cinerea isolates. Three vigorously growing B. cinerea isolates with multiresistance to postharvest fungicides were further characterized and found to be osmosensitive and retained resistance in the absence of selection pressure. A representative multiresistant B. cinerea strain caused decay on apple fruit treated with postharvest fungicides, which confirmed the in vitro results. The R632I mutation in the Mrr1 gene, associated with fludioxonil resistance in B. cinerea, was not detected in multipostharvest fungicide-resistant B. cinerea isolates, suggesting that the fungus may be using additional mechanisms to mediate resistance. Results from this study show for the first time that B. cinerea with dual resistance to pyrimethanil and thiabendazole can also rapidly develop resistance to fludioxonil, which may pose control challenges in the packinghouse environment and during long-term storage.

scholarly journals Microflora fúngica de sementes de milho em ambientes de armazenamento

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida de Souza Tanaka ◽  
Jocely Andreuccetti Maeda ◽  
Isabel Helena de Almeida Zeituni Plazas
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Cephalosporium Acremonium ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum

Durante o armazenamento, vários fungos podem permanecer associados às sementes de milho, causando deterioração ou se mantendo viáveis, infectando posteriormente a plântula. Objetivou-se neste trabalho verificar a sobrevivência de fungos associados às sementes de milho durante 12 meses de armazenamento, em câmara fria (14ºC; 40% UR) e em ambiente não controlado. Observaram-se com maior freqüência os fungos de campo Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris maydis, Cephalosporium acremonium, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium moniliforme e Rhizoctonia solani, além de Rhizopus spp. e Trichoderma spp., cuja sobrevivência decresceu ao longo do armazenamento, de modo muito mais acentuado em condição de ambiente não controlado, em comparação à câmara fria. Aspergillus e Penicillium tiveram suas incidências aumentadas ao longo do período, principalmente em ambiente não controlado. Nessa condição, a sobrevivência de Fusarium moniliforme foi reduzida gradativamente até o final dos doze meses; comparativamente, em câmara fria, a viabilidade do fungo foi menos afetada. Bipolaris maydis manteve-se viável na maioria dos lotes, durante todo o armazenamento em câmara fria; em ambiente não controlado, o fungo sobreviveu durante quatro a dez meses, dependendo do lote avaliado. O armazenamento em ambiente não controlado, embora tenha provocado a redução do inóculo de F. moniliforme e outros fungos importantes, poderia acelerar o processo de deterioração das sementes. Em câmara fria, por outro lado, a viabilidade dos fungos é favorecida, comprometendo a qualidade sanitária das sementes.

scholarly journals Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Complex Phenylpropanoid Derivatives by the Botrytis cinerea Secretome and Evaluation of Their Wnt Inhibition Activity

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Huber ◽  
Laurence Marcourt ◽  
Alexey Koval ◽  
Sylvain Schnee ◽  
Davide Righi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Fungal Enzymes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Compound Series ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Derivatives

In this study, a series of complex phenylpropanoid derivatives were obtained by chemoenzymatic biotransformation of ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and a mixture of both acids using the enzymatic secretome of Botrytis cinerea. These substrates were incubated with fungal enzymes, and the reactions were monitored using state-of-the-art analytical methods. Under such conditions, a series of dimers, trimers, and tetramers were generated. The reactions were optimized and scaled up. The resulting mixtures were purified by high-resolution semi-preparative HPLC combined with dry load introduction. This approach generated a series of 23 phenylpropanoid derivatives, 11 of which are described here for the first time. These compounds are divided into 12 dimers, 9 trimers (including a completely new structural scaffold), and 2 tetramers. Elucidation of their structures was performed with classical spectroscopic methods such as NMR and HRESIMS analyses. The resulting compound series were analyzed for anti-Wnt activity in TNBC cells, with several derivatives demonstrating specific inhibition.

scholarly journals SENSIBILIZACIÓN Y EXPOSICIÓN A PÓLENES Y ESPORAS DE HONGOS ALERGÉNICOS AEROTRANSPORTADOS EN CIUDADES DEL SUR DE PERÚ

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Oscar Manuel Calderón Llosa ◽  
Silvia Antonieta Uriarte Obando ◽  
Gregorio Pedro Tejada Monroy
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
Burkard Spore Trap

Introducción y objetivos: Es muy importante el conocimiento de las fluctuaciones estacionales y anuales sobre los pólenes y esporas de hongos alergénicos aerotransportados en cualquier área geográfica. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los aeroalérgenos más importantes en la atmósfera de la ciudad urbana de Tacna a los cuales la población está expuesta y desarrollar un estudio alergológico para establecer perfiles de sensibilización en las ciudades de Tacna y Arequipa. Material y métodos: El conteo polínico y fúngico se realizó de acuerdo a la técnica estandarizada con un equipo Burkard spore trap for 7 days (Burkard manufacturing ®, Herst, United Kingdom) y el procedimiento de análisis recomendado por el comité de aerobiología de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica. El estudio alergológico consistió en anamnesis y pruebas cutáneas con extractos (ALK-abello®, Madrid-España). Resultados: Los 3 tipos de esporas de hongos más relevantes que se encontraron durante el periodo de muestreo en orden de abundancia fueron: Cladosporium herbarum (47,22%), Alternaria alternata (33%). Nigrospora spp (19,8%). También encontramos 4 taxones polínicos: Oleacea (94,1%), Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae (3%), Poaceae (2,08%), Myrtaceoe (Eucalipto)(0,77%). Perfil de sensibilización al polen de Olea europea, en muestras aleatorias en las ciudades de Tacna (40%) y Arequipa (36%) y a Alternaria alternata (4%) y (8%) respectivamente. Conclusiones: Éste es el primer estudio realizado en Perú sobre sensibilización y concentraciones de granos de polen y esporas de hongos medidos por método volumétrico. Sugerimos ampliar estudios e implementar estaciones de aerobiología que provean mayor información y sirvan como guía para una mejor prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para la población de la zona sur de Perú con enfermedades alérgicas.

scholarly journals Micromycetes on Pisum sativum var. arvense

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Joanna Marcinkowska
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
The Common

Seeds of 11 Austrian winter pea genotypes, harvested at Radzików (CEP) in 1993 and 1994, were evaluated for fungi occurrence on Coon's agar medium in Petri plates. Number of species isolated depended on the genotype and year of collection. <i>Alternaria alternata, Stemphylium botryosum</i> were found on all the tested samples and <i>Phoma pinodella</i> and <i>Fusarium poae</i> were also common while <i>Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Mycosphaerella pinodes</i> appeared to be common only in 1993. Three species occurred only once. The mycoflora was richer in 1993. The common seed inhabitants usually transmitted higher percentage of fungi than species occuring more seldom.

INFECTION TESTS WITH TWO CAULICOLOUS RUSTS OF JACK PINE IN SASKATCHEWAN

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zalasky ◽  
C. G. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
First Time

The identity of Peridermium stalactiforme Arth. & Kern and its occurrence on Pinus banksiana Lamb, in Saskatchewan are established. Melampyrum lineare Desr. and Castilleja rhexifolia Rydb. were infected with this rust experimentally. For the first time, C. rhexifolia was discovered to be naturally infected with a species of Cronartium. The minimum period from inoculation to production of mature spores was 14 days for uredinia and 16 for telia. In 18 experiments, 17 inoculations on C. rhexifolia produced sparse infection in 30 of the 37 clusters inoculated, and 6 inoculations of Melampyrum lineare plants produced more severe infection in 48 out of 97 plants. In contrast, 59 experiments with Peridermium harknessii J. P. Moore involving 109 inoculations of 1344 M. lineare plants and 48 clusters of Castilleja rhexifolia failed to produce infection, indicating that these suspects are not hosts of P. harknessii.

scholarly journals Fungi inhabiting healthy grapevine canes (Vitis spp.) in some nurseries

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Król
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Cladosporium Cladosporioides ◽  
The Other ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Propagation Material ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The purpose of this study, conducted in the years 2000 - 2002, was to identify fungi species colonizing apparently healthy canes and to investigate whether canes storage modify the quantitative and qualitative composition of these fungi. The plant material was collected from 5 commercial plantations growing in various regions of Poland, taking into consideration 8 cultivars which were the most frequently cultivated. From each plantation and cultivar 20 apparently healthy canes were randomly sampled in two terms: before storage - November/December (term I) and 3-4 months after storage - February/March (term II). The results showed that from asymptomatic canes 2746 isolates of fungi belonging to 23 species were obtained, but the majority of them origined from canes analysed after storage. It was found that <i>P. viticola</i> is able to live latently within grapevine tissue in Polish conditions because isolates of this fungus from visually healty canes the all studied plantations and terms were obtained. Among the other fungi species inhabiting grapevine canes <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. dominated. Moreover, both in term I and term II <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Phoma</i> spp., <i>Epicoccum purpurascens</i> and <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> were frequently isolated, whereas fungi from the genus <i>Acremonium</i> only in the term I. Each time isolates of <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. and <i>Gliocladium</i> spp. were also obtained. Inhabitation of grapevine canes by various fungi species shown in the present experiment indicate the danger of pathogens spread with propagation material on the new plantations.

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