scholarly journals Temperature sensitivity of resistance to two pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica oleracea

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Gabrielson ◽  
Józef Robak
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Several methods were evaluated in an attempt to develop a greenhouse screening procedure that would predict field resistance of brassica breeding lines to clubroot disease caused by <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>. Several <i>Brassica oleracea</i> cultivars and breeding lines bred for resistance to <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> and a susceptible Chinese cabbage cultivar were exposed to high levels of inoculum of both pathotypes PB 6, PB 7 at 12, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. No infection occurred on any host at 12°C. Chinese cabbage was heavily diseased from 15-30°C. Bagder Shipper cabbage, a cauliflower deriving resistance from this variety, and Oregon CR-1 broccoli were resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15 and 20°C and partially resistant at 25 and 30°C. They were resistant to pathotype PB 7 and 15°C and almost totally susceptible at 20, 25° and 30°C. Oregon cabbage line OR 123 was resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15°C at almost completely susceptible at 20, 25 and 30°C. It was resistant to pathotype PB 7 at all temperatures. Temperature sensitivity of resistance can partially explain why breeding lines are resistant in field trials and susceptible in greenhouse tests.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Sugar Transporter Protein (STP) Family Genes in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Reveals their Involvement in Clubroot Disease Responses

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Shenyun Wang ◽  
Fangwei Yu ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Localization Analysis

Sugar transporter protein (STP) genes are involved in multiple biological processes, such as plant responses to various stresses. However, systematic analysis and functional information of STP family genes in Brassica oleracea are very limited. A comprehensive analysis was carried out to identify BoSTP genes and dissect their phylogenetic relationships and to investigate the expression profiles in different organs and in response to the clubroot disease. A total of 22 BoSTP genes were identified in the B. oleracea genome and they were further classified into four clades based on the phylogenetic analysis. All the BoSTP proteins harbored the conserved sugar transporter (Sugar_tr, PF00083) domain, and the majority of them contained 12 transmembrane helices (TMHs). Rates of synonymous substitution in B. oleracea relative to Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that STP genes of B. oleracea diverged from those of A. thaliana approximately 16.3 million years ago. Expression profiles of the BoSTP genes in different organs derived from RNA-Seq data indicated that a large number of the BoSTP genes were expressed in specific organs. Additionally, the expression of BoSTP4b and BoSTP12 genes were induced in roots of the clubroot-susceptible cabbage (CS-JF1) at 28 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae, compared with mock-inoculated plants. We speculated that the two BoSTPs might be involved in monosaccharide unloading and carbon partitioning associated with P. brassicae colonization in CS-JF1. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the two BoSTP proteins were localized in the cell membrane. This study provides insights into the evolution and potential functions of BoSTPs.

scholarly journals Effect of Host Resistance and Fungicide Application on Clubroot Pathotype 6 in Green Cabbage and Napa Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Saude ◽  
Alan McKeown ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Field trials were conducted to evaluate resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae, pathotype 6) in green cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and napa cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) at sites in southern Ontario in 2009 and 2010. The reaction of green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb and the commercial standard cultivars, Bronco or Atlantis, were evaluated on organic (two site-years) and mineral soils (two site-years) that were naturally infested with the clubroot pathogen. In addition, fluazinam fungicide was drench applied to one treatment of the commercial standard cultivar immediately after transplanting. The napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, and Mirako (in 2009) and Emiko, Mirako, Yuki, and China Gold (in 2010) were evaluated only on organic soils (two site-years). At harvest, the roots of each plant were assessed for clubroot incidence and severity. Also, plant and head characteristics of the resistant green cabbage cultivars were evaluated at one site in 2010. The green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb were resistant to pathotype 6 (0% to 3.8% incidence), but ‘Bronco’ was susceptible (64% to 100% incidence). Application of fluazinam reduced clubroot severity on ‘Bronco’ by 6% at one of three sites. Resistance was more effective in reducing clubroot than application of fluazinam. Plant and head characteristics of the resistant cultivars were similar to those of ‘Bronco’ treated with fluazinam. Napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, Emiko, and China Gold were resistant to clubroot (0% to 13% incidence), and ‘Mirako’ was highly susceptible (87% to 92% incidence). We conclude that the clubroot resistance available in several cultivars of green and napa cabbage was effective against P. brassicae pathotype 6.

Evaluation of Brassica oleracea accessions for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae and identification of genomic regions associated with resistance

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Farid ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Berisso Kebede ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Brassica Crop ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Genomic Regions

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a challenge to Brassica crop production. Breakdown of resistance controlled by major genes of the Brassica A genome has been reported. Therefore, identification of resistance in the Brassica C genome is needed to broaden the genetic base of resistance in Brassica napus canola. In this study, we evaluated 135 Brassica oleracea accessions, belonging to eight variants of this species to identify resistant accessions as well as to identify the genomic regions associated with resistance to two recently evolved P. brassicae pathotypes, F3-14 (3A) and F-359-13 (5X L-G2). Resistance to these pathotypes was observed more frequently in var. acephala (kale) followed by var. capitata (cabbage); few accessions also carried resistance to both pathotypes. Association mapping using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed through genotyping by sequencing technique identified 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) from six C-genome chromosomes to be associated with resistance to these pathotypes; among these, two QTL associated with resistance to 3A and one QTL associated with resistance to 5X L-G2 carried ≥3 SNP markers. The 10 QTL identified in this study individually accounted for 8%–18% of the total phenotypic variance. Thus, the results from this study can be used in molecular breeding of Brassica crops for resistance to this disease.

scholarly journals Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea genotypes From China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
Shujiang Zhang ◽  
Shifan Zhang ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
China Development

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has become a major problem in cruciferous crops worldwide. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), pak choi (B. rapa), and mustard (B. juncea) are important vegetable crops in China. Development of clubroot-resistant cultivars of these crops is urgently needed. In this study, 71 B. rapa and B. juncea genotypes from China, including cultivars and inbred lines, were evaluated for resistance to three P. brassicae pathotypes. A significant interaction was observed between the P. brassicae pathotypes and the Brassica genotypes. Pathotype 3, as defined on the differentials of Williams, exhibited the weakest virulence on all plant material. By contrast, pathotypes 5 and 6 were both highly pathogenic on most of the tested genotypes. In all, 10 of the 14 Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to all three pathotypes, while 4 were resistant only to a specific pathotype. Seven of eight progenies obtained from the selfing of Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to pathotype 3 but most were susceptible to pathotypes 5 and 6. Most inbred lines of Chinese cabbage and all inbred lines of pak choi and mustard were susceptible to all three pathotypes but their susceptibility was lower to pathotype 3 than to pathotypes 5 and 6.

scholarly journals Response of Brassica oleracea var. capitata to Wound and Spray Inoculations with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip D. Griffiths ◽  
Cathy Roe
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Mature Plant ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Mature Plant Resistance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Spray Inoculation

Eighteen cabbage breeding lines and cultivars were evaluated for resistance to black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris following wound and spray inoculations at the juvenile and mature stages. Plants were evaluated using four inoculation procedures (juvenile wound, juvenile spray, mature wound, and mature spray) in replicated greenhouse and field experiments. The breeding lines Badger #16, Cornell 101, Cornell 102, NY 4002 and accession PI 426606 exhibited high levels of resistance following all inoculation procedures. `Silver Dynasty' was the most resistant commercial cultivar based on the four tests, yet ranked 12th following the juvenile wound inoculation. The juvenile spray inoculation had a high correlation with both wound and spray inoculations in field experiments (0.89 and 0.86, respectively); however, the juvenile wound inoculation did not correlate well with mature wound and spray inoculations (0.58 and 0.51, respectively). The results indicate that the juvenile wound inoculation is not the most appropriate approach for determining field resistance in Brassica oleracea, and that resistant material could be selected against using this approach. A high correlation between juvenile spray inoculation disease severity ratings and mature plant resistance indicates that plants can be evaluated effectively at the juvenile stage for mature plant resistance to black rot.

scholarly journals Variability in resistance to clubroot in European cauliflower cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kopecký ◽  
I. Doležalová ◽  
M. Duchoslav ◽  
K. Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Plant Growth Chamber

Fifty genotypes of&nbsp;cauliflovwer&nbsp;(Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)&nbsp;were evaluated for resistance to clubroot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) under controlled conditions in a plant growth chamber. The cultivars with the highest resistance were Brilant, Agora, and Bora, while the most susceptible were the cultivars White Top, White Fox, and Octavian. The variation in disease index is probably due to different pathogenicity rates of clubroot pathotypes and genetic heterogeneity of European cauliflower cultivars. The obtained results will be tested in an infested and non-infested field. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Development of an Effective Nonchemical Method againstPlasmodiophora brassicaeon Chinese Cabbage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gao ◽  
Guanghui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Average Plant

Clubroot disease, caused byPlasmodiophora brassicae, is a serious soil-borne disease of crucifer worldwide, and it can significantly reduce yield and quality. Although some agrochemicals have been used to manage clubroot and can provide effective control, increasing use of chemical inputs causes several negative effects. In this study, using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapaL. subsp.chinensis) as the test crop, we developed an effective nonchemical method that would protect the roots againstP. brassicaeinfection by using a combination heat treatment and a cocktail of biocontrol agents. The data showed that this method could cause 91.7% inhibition ofP. brassicaeinfection. The average height of plants (13.5 cm) using this method was about twice higher than that in control group (6.7 cm), and the average plant weight (3.19 g) was about three times increased compared to that in control set (1.23 g).

A genetic map for Brassica oleracea based on RFLP markers detected with expressed DNA sequences and mapping of resistance genes to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin)

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit S. Landry ◽  
Nathalie Hubert ◽  
René Crete ◽  
Morgan S. Chang ◽  
Steven E. Lincoln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Race 2

F2 segregation analyses of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected between a cabbage line (No. 86-16-5) resistant to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin), the fungus responsible for clubroot disease, and a rapid cycling line (CrGC No. 85) was used to construct a detailed genetic map of Brassica oleracea. RFLP markers were random and seedling-specific cDNA clones. The 201 loci so far mapped in B. oleracea covered 1112 cM. They are assembled into nine major linkage groups and four small linkage groups. Twelve loci were found unlinked to any other markers. Twenty-one loci were detected with the 18 seedling-specific cDNAs. Two dominant QTLs for resistance to race 2 of the clubroot disease causal agent were also identified. Leaf morphology and biennial flowering appeared to segregate as single Mendelian traits, but only leaf morphology could be linked to other markers. This RFLP study in B. oleracea is providing additional information on genome organization and complements current RFLP mapping effort in B. napus.Key words: genetic mapping, Brassica oleracea, Plasmodiophora brassicae, breeding, clubroot resistance, DNA markers, RFLP.

scholarly journals Expression and Role of Response Regulating, Biosynthetic and Degrading Genes for Cytokinin Signaling during Clubroot Disease Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawnak Laila ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin ◽  
Jong-In Park ◽  
Gopal Saha ◽  
Hoy-Taek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Leaf Tissues

The obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot disease in oilseeds and vegetables of the Brassicaceae family, and cytokinins play a vital role in clubroot formation. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of 17 cytokinin-related genes involved in the biosynthesis, signaling, and degradation in Chinese cabbage inoculated with the Korean pathotype group 4 isolate of P. brassicae, Seosan. This isolate produced the most severe clubroot symptoms in Chinese cabbage cultivar “Bullam-3-ho” compared to three other Korean geographical isolates investigated. BrIPT1, a cytokinin biosynthesis gene, was induced on Day 1 and Day 28 in infected root tissues and the upregulation of this biosynthetic gene coincided with the higher expression of the response regulators BrRR1, on both Days and BrRR6 on Day 1 and 3. BrRR3 and 4 genes were also induced during gall enlargement on Day 35 in leaf tissues. The BrRR4 gene, which positively interact with phytochrome B, was consistently induced in leaf tissues on Day 1, 3, and 14 in the inoculated plants. The cytokinin degrading gene BrCKX3-6 were induced on Day 14, before gall initiation. BrCKX2,3,6 were induced until Day 28 and their expression was downregulated on Day 35. This insight improves our current understanding of the role of cytokinin signaling genes in clubroot disease development.

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