scholarly journals Development of an Effective Nonchemical Method againstPlasmodiophora brassicaeon Chinese Cabbage

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Gao ◽  
Guanghui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Average Plant

Clubroot disease, caused byPlasmodiophora brassicae, is a serious soil-borne disease of crucifer worldwide, and it can significantly reduce yield and quality. Although some agrochemicals have been used to manage clubroot and can provide effective control, increasing use of chemical inputs causes several negative effects. In this study, using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapaL. subsp.chinensis) as the test crop, we developed an effective nonchemical method that would protect the roots againstP. brassicaeinfection by using a combination heat treatment and a cocktail of biocontrol agents. The data showed that this method could cause 91.7% inhibition ofP. brassicaeinfection. The average height of plants (13.5 cm) using this method was about twice higher than that in control group (6.7 cm), and the average plant weight (3.19 g) was about three times increased compared to that in control set (1.23 g).

scholarly journals Resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea genotypes From China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
Shujiang Zhang ◽  
Shifan Zhang ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
China Development

Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has become a major problem in cruciferous crops worldwide. Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa), pak choi (B. rapa), and mustard (B. juncea) are important vegetable crops in China. Development of clubroot-resistant cultivars of these crops is urgently needed. In this study, 71 B. rapa and B. juncea genotypes from China, including cultivars and inbred lines, were evaluated for resistance to three P. brassicae pathotypes. A significant interaction was observed between the P. brassicae pathotypes and the Brassica genotypes. Pathotype 3, as defined on the differentials of Williams, exhibited the weakest virulence on all plant material. By contrast, pathotypes 5 and 6 were both highly pathogenic on most of the tested genotypes. In all, 10 of the 14 Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to all three pathotypes, while 4 were resistant only to a specific pathotype. Seven of eight progenies obtained from the selfing of Chinese cabbage cultivars were resistant to pathotype 3 but most were susceptible to pathotypes 5 and 6. Most inbred lines of Chinese cabbage and all inbred lines of pak choi and mustard were susceptible to all three pathotypes but their susceptibility was lower to pathotype 3 than to pathotypes 5 and 6.

scholarly journals Expression and Role of Response Regulating, Biosynthetic and Degrading Genes for Cytokinin Signaling during Clubroot Disease Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawnak Laila ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin ◽  
Jong-In Park ◽  
Gopal Saha ◽  
Hoy-Taek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cytokinin Signaling ◽  
Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Leaf Tissues

The obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot disease in oilseeds and vegetables of the Brassicaceae family, and cytokinins play a vital role in clubroot formation. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of 17 cytokinin-related genes involved in the biosynthesis, signaling, and degradation in Chinese cabbage inoculated with the Korean pathotype group 4 isolate of P. brassicae, Seosan. This isolate produced the most severe clubroot symptoms in Chinese cabbage cultivar “Bullam-3-ho” compared to three other Korean geographical isolates investigated. BrIPT1, a cytokinin biosynthesis gene, was induced on Day 1 and Day 28 in infected root tissues and the upregulation of this biosynthetic gene coincided with the higher expression of the response regulators BrRR1, on both Days and BrRR6 on Day 1 and 3. BrRR3 and 4 genes were also induced during gall enlargement on Day 35 in leaf tissues. The BrRR4 gene, which positively interact with phytochrome B, was consistently induced in leaf tissues on Day 1, 3, and 14 in the inoculated plants. The cytokinin degrading gene BrCKX3-6 were induced on Day 14, before gall initiation. BrCKX2,3,6 were induced until Day 28 and their expression was downregulated on Day 35. This insight improves our current understanding of the role of cytokinin signaling genes in clubroot disease development.

scholarly journals Genetic Alterations in Pesticide Exposed Bolivian Farmers An evaluation by analysis of chromosomal aberrations and the comet assay

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 117727190700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Jørs ◽  
Ana Rosa Gonzáles ◽  
Maria Eugenia Ascarrunz ◽  
Noemi Tirado ◽  
Catharina Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Genetic Damage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
La Paz

Background Pesticides are of concern in Bolivia because of increasing use. Frequent intoxications have been demonstrated due to use of very toxic pesticides, insufficient control of distribution and sale and little knowledge among farmers of protective measures and hygienic procedures. Method Questionnaires were applied and blood tests taken from 81 volunteers from La Paz County, of whom 48 were pesticide exposed farmers and 33 non-exposed controls. Sixty males and 21 females participated with a mean age of 37.3 years (range 17–76). Data of exposure and possible genetic damage were collected and evaluated by well known statistical methods, controlling for relevant confounders. To measure genetic damage chromosomal aberrations and the comet assay analysis were performed. Results Pesticide exposed farmers had a higher degree of genetic damage compared to the control group. The number of chromosomal aberrations increased with the intensity of pesticide exposure. Females had a lower number of chromosomal aberrations than males, and people living at altitudes above 2500 metres seemed to exhibit more DNA damage measured by the comet assay. Conclusions Bolivian farmers showed signs of genotoxic damage, probably related to exposure to pesticides. Due to the potentially negative long term health effects of genetic damage on reproduction and the development of cancer, preventive measures are recommended. Effective control with imports and sales, banning of the most toxic pesticides, education and information are possible measures, which could help preventing the negative effects of pesticides on human health and the environment.

scholarly journals USING γ RAY-INDUCED SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON CONTROL OF CLUBROOT DISEASE OF CHINESE CABBAGE CAUSED BY PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683
Author(s):  
Le Thi Anh Tu ◽  
Pham Thi Le Ha
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference

Plasmodiophora brassicae- the casual cause of clubroot disease of plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. This soil-borne fungus infects plants through root hairs. Diseased roots become swollen and deformed. Thus, it’s difficult for plants to absorb water and nutrients. There are some methods used to control this disease including soil fumigation, soil pH control, fungicides, surfactants applications, calcium supplementation, but the results are still restricted. Plasmodiophora brassicae was isolated, identified and artificial inoculated on the Chinese cabbage. The rate of root hair infection and gall formation depended on the spore density and growth media. The increase of the pathogen density lead to the increase of disease symptoms. Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used as an agent for antifungal treatment. The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles varies on the size, shape, and the function of the surface area. The γ - irradiation method to synthesize SNPs is known as a method that can be controlled the out coming sizes, shapes and size distribution of particles. The average diameter of silver nanoparticles in this research was 9.5nm. In the liquid culture and soil, SNPs exhibited a controlling effect on P. brassicae. The fungicide activity depended on the SNP concentrations and the medium; no disease symptoms were found at the SNP concentrations of 1.06 ppm in the liquid culture, and 10 and 20 ppm in soil. Results of the study also showed that the biomass and height of infected plants were much lower than those of the healthy plants. Comparing to the plants that were grown in the sterilized soil, there was not significant difference between the biomass and the height of plants exposed to pathogen and treated with SNPs.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during the infection of Brassica rapa roots by the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae: The impact of a pathogen on the plant root and rhizosphere microbiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Lebreton ◽  
Anne-Yvonne Guillerm-Erckelboudt ◽  
Kévin Gazengel ◽  
Juliette Linglin ◽  
Morgane Ourry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiota

AbstractThe temporal dynamics of rhizosphere and root microbiota composition was compared between healthy and infected Chinese cabbage plants by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. When inoculated with P. brassicae, disease was measured at five sampling dates from early root hair infection to late gall development. The first symptoms of clubroot disease appeared 14 days after inoculation (DAI) and increased drastically between 14 and 35 DAI. The structure of microbial communities associated to rhizosphere soil and root from healthy and inoculated plants was characterized through high-throughput DNA sequencing of bacterial (16S) and fungal (18S) molecular markers and compared at each sampling date. In healthy plants, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes bacterial phyla dominated the rhizosphere and root microbiota of Chinese cabbage. Rhizosphere bacterial communities contained higher abundances of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes compared to the roots. Moreover, a drastic shift of fungal communities of healthy plants occurred between the two last sampling dates, especially in plant roots, where most of Ascomycota fungi dominated until they were replaced by a fungus assigned to the Chytridiomycota phylum. Parasitic invasion by P. brassicae disrupted the rhizosphere and root-associated community assembly at a late step during the root secondary cortical infection stage of clubroot disease. At this stage, Flavisolibacter and Streptomyces in the rhizosphere, and Bacillus in the roots, were drastically less abundant upon parasite invasion. Rhizosphere of plants colonized by P. brassicae was significantly more invaded by the Chytridiomycota fungus, which could reflect a mutualistic relationship in this compartment between these two microorganisms.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN MIKOFLORA TANAH SUPRESIF DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT AKAR GADA PADA TANAMAN KUBIS (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ni Nengah Darmiati ◽  
I Made Sudarma
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Plant Habitat ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Conducive Soil

DIVERSITY OF SUPRESSIVE LAND MICROFLORA IN CONTROL OF PALLDER DISEASE IN CUBES PLANT (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) was a vegetable crops cultivated in the highlands to meet the needs of the community vegetable. The main obstacle was the cultivation of cabbage root disease outbreak mace (clubroot), which until now have not found an effective control techniques. Clubroot disease caused by organisms that resemble fungi: Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. which was the soil inhibitant and soil borne pathogen. Therefore, there must be a way to control environmentally friendly by using suppressive soil, find microbes antagonists related to the cabbage plant habitat in the soil. The results showed that the index of diversity both on suppressive and conducive soil of 1.2304 and 1.2811 respectively, and the index of dominance on the suppressive and conducive soil were 0.6677 and 0.6838.  Prevalence micoflora of the suppressive soil amounted to 44.22 % and 43.06 % conducive soil all dominated by Fusarium spp. Microbial antagonist as a potential control of P. brassicae was Trichoderma sp. Based on the analysis in the suppressive soil as much as 171 x 103 cfu /g soil, higher than on the conducive soil to 90 x 103 cfu /g soil.

scholarly journals Temperature sensitivity of resistance to two pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica oleracea

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Gabrielson ◽  
Józef Robak
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Several methods were evaluated in an attempt to develop a greenhouse screening procedure that would predict field resistance of brassica breeding lines to clubroot disease caused by <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>. Several <i>Brassica oleracea</i> cultivars and breeding lines bred for resistance to <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> and a susceptible Chinese cabbage cultivar were exposed to high levels of inoculum of both pathotypes PB 6, PB 7 at 12, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. No infection occurred on any host at 12°C. Chinese cabbage was heavily diseased from 15-30°C. Bagder Shipper cabbage, a cauliflower deriving resistance from this variety, and Oregon CR-1 broccoli were resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15 and 20°C and partially resistant at 25 and 30°C. They were resistant to pathotype PB 7 and 15°C and almost totally susceptible at 20, 25° and 30°C. Oregon cabbage line OR 123 was resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15°C at almost completely susceptible at 20, 25 and 30°C. It was resistant to pathotype PB 7 at all temperatures. Temperature sensitivity of resistance can partially explain why breeding lines are resistant in field trials and susceptible in greenhouse tests.

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