scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of Sugar Transporter Protein (STP) Family Genes in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Reveals their Involvement in Clubroot Disease Responses

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Shenyun Wang ◽  
Fangwei Yu ◽  
Jun Tang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Synonymous Substitution ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Transporter Protein ◽  
Localization Analysis

Sugar transporter protein (STP) genes are involved in multiple biological processes, such as plant responses to various stresses. However, systematic analysis and functional information of STP family genes in Brassica oleracea are very limited. A comprehensive analysis was carried out to identify BoSTP genes and dissect their phylogenetic relationships and to investigate the expression profiles in different organs and in response to the clubroot disease. A total of 22 BoSTP genes were identified in the B. oleracea genome and they were further classified into four clades based on the phylogenetic analysis. All the BoSTP proteins harbored the conserved sugar transporter (Sugar_tr, PF00083) domain, and the majority of them contained 12 transmembrane helices (TMHs). Rates of synonymous substitution in B. oleracea relative to Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that STP genes of B. oleracea diverged from those of A. thaliana approximately 16.3 million years ago. Expression profiles of the BoSTP genes in different organs derived from RNA-Seq data indicated that a large number of the BoSTP genes were expressed in specific organs. Additionally, the expression of BoSTP4b and BoSTP12 genes were induced in roots of the clubroot-susceptible cabbage (CS-JF1) at 28 days after inoculation with Plasmodiophora brassicae, compared with mock-inoculated plants. We speculated that the two BoSTPs might be involved in monosaccharide unloading and carbon partitioning associated with P. brassicae colonization in CS-JF1. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the two BoSTP proteins were localized in the cell membrane. This study provides insights into the evolution and potential functions of BoSTPs.

scholarly journals Identification and Expression Analysis of Sugar Transporter Gene Family in Aspergillus oryzae

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Gongbo Lv ◽  
Chunmiao Jiang ◽  
Tiantian Liang ◽  
Yayi Tu ◽  
Xiaojie Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sugar Transporter ◽  
Motif Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Functional Features

Sugar transporter (SUT) genes are associated with multiple physiological and biochemical processes in filamentous fungi, such as the response to various stresses. However, limited systematic analysis and functional information of SUT gene family have been available on Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae). To investigate the potential roles of SUTs in A. oryzae, we performed an integrative analysis of the SUT gene family in this study. Based on the conserved protein domain search, 127 putative SUT genes were identified in A. oryzae and further categorized into eight distinct subfamilies. The result of gene structure and conserved motif analysis illustrated functional similarities among the AoSUT proteins within the same subfamily. Additionally, expression profiles of the AoSUT genes at different growth stages elucidated that most of AoSUT genes have high expression levels at the stationary phase while low in the adaptive phase. Furthermore, expression profiles of AoSUT genes under salt stress showed that AoSUT genes may be closely linked to salt tolerance and involved in sophisticated transcriptional process. The protein-protein interaction network of AoSUT propounded some potentially interacting proteins. A comprehensive overview of the AoSUT gene family will offer new insights into the structural and functional features as well as facilitate further research on the roles of AoSUT genes in response to abiotic stresses.

Evaluation of Brassica oleracea accessions for resistance to Plasmodiophora brassicae and identification of genomic regions associated with resistance

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Farid ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Berisso Kebede ◽  
Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Brassica Crop ◽  
A Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Genomic Regions

Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a challenge to Brassica crop production. Breakdown of resistance controlled by major genes of the Brassica A genome has been reported. Therefore, identification of resistance in the Brassica C genome is needed to broaden the genetic base of resistance in Brassica napus canola. In this study, we evaluated 135 Brassica oleracea accessions, belonging to eight variants of this species to identify resistant accessions as well as to identify the genomic regions associated with resistance to two recently evolved P. brassicae pathotypes, F3-14 (3A) and F-359-13 (5X L-G2). Resistance to these pathotypes was observed more frequently in var. acephala (kale) followed by var. capitata (cabbage); few accessions also carried resistance to both pathotypes. Association mapping using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed through genotyping by sequencing technique identified 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) from six C-genome chromosomes to be associated with resistance to these pathotypes; among these, two QTL associated with resistance to 3A and one QTL associated with resistance to 5X L-G2 carried ≥3 SNP markers. The 10 QTL identified in this study individually accounted for 8%–18% of the total phenotypic variance. Thus, the results from this study can be used in molecular breeding of Brassica crops for resistance to this disease.

scholarly journals Variability in resistance to clubroot in European cauliflower cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kopecký ◽  
I. Doležalová ◽  
M. Duchoslav ◽  
K. Dušek
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Plant Growth Chamber

Fifty genotypes of cauliflovwer (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) were evaluated for resistance to clubroot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) under controlled conditions in a plant growth chamber. The cultivars with the highest resistance were Brilant, Agora, and Bora, while the most susceptible were the cultivars White Top, White Fox, and Octavian. The variation in disease index is probably due to different pathogenicity rates of clubroot pathotypes and genetic heterogeneity of European cauliflower cultivars. The obtained results will be tested in an infested and non-infested field.  

A genetic map for Brassica oleracea based on RFLP markers detected with expressed DNA sequences and mapping of resistance genes to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin)

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit S. Landry ◽  
Nathalie Hubert ◽  
René Crete ◽  
Morgan S. Chang ◽  
Steven E. Lincoln ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Race 2

F2 segregation analyses of DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected between a cabbage line (No. 86-16-5) resistant to race 2 of Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin), the fungus responsible for clubroot disease, and a rapid cycling line (CrGC No. 85) was used to construct a detailed genetic map of Brassica oleracea. RFLP markers were random and seedling-specific cDNA clones. The 201 loci so far mapped in B. oleracea covered 1112 cM. They are assembled into nine major linkage groups and four small linkage groups. Twelve loci were found unlinked to any other markers. Twenty-one loci were detected with the 18 seedling-specific cDNAs. Two dominant QTLs for resistance to race 2 of the clubroot disease causal agent were also identified. Leaf morphology and biennial flowering appeared to segregate as single Mendelian traits, but only leaf morphology could be linked to other markers. This RFLP study in B. oleracea is providing additional information on genome organization and complements current RFLP mapping effort in B. napus.Key words: genetic mapping, Brassica oleracea, Plasmodiophora brassicae, breeding, clubroot resistance, DNA markers, RFLP.

scholarly journals KERAGAMAN MIKOFLORA TANAH SUPRESIF DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT AKAR GADA PADA TANAMAN KUBIS (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Ni Nengah Darmiati ◽  
I Made Sudarma
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
Plant Habitat ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Conducive Soil

DIVERSITY OF SUPRESSIVE LAND MICROFLORA IN CONTROL OF PALLDER DISEASE IN CUBES PLANT (BRASSICA OLERACEA L.)Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) was a vegetable crops cultivated in the highlands to meet the needs of the community vegetable. The main obstacle was the cultivation of cabbage root disease outbreak mace (clubroot), which until now have not found an effective control techniques. Clubroot disease caused by organisms that resemble fungi: Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. which was the soil inhibitant and soil borne pathogen. Therefore, there must be a way to control environmentally friendly by using suppressive soil, find microbes antagonists related to the cabbage plant habitat in the soil. The results showed that the index of diversity both on suppressive and conducive soil of 1.2304 and 1.2811 respectively, and the index of dominance on the suppressive and conducive soil were 0.6677 and 0.6838.  Prevalence micoflora of the suppressive soil amounted to 44.22 % and 43.06 % conducive soil all dominated by Fusarium spp. Microbial antagonist as a potential control of P. brassicae was Trichoderma sp. Based on the analysis in the suppressive soil as much as 171 x 103 cfu /g soil, higher than on the conducive soil to 90 x 103 cfu /g soil.

scholarly journals Temperature sensitivity of resistance to two pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae in Brassica oleracea

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Gabrielson ◽  
Józef Robak
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Greenhouse Screening ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Several methods were evaluated in an attempt to develop a greenhouse screening procedure that would predict field resistance of brassica breeding lines to clubroot disease caused by <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>. Several <i>Brassica oleracea</i> cultivars and breeding lines bred for resistance to <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> and a susceptible Chinese cabbage cultivar were exposed to high levels of inoculum of both pathotypes PB 6, PB 7 at 12, 15, 20, 25 and 30°C. No infection occurred on any host at 12°C. Chinese cabbage was heavily diseased from 15-30°C. Bagder Shipper cabbage, a cauliflower deriving resistance from this variety, and Oregon CR-1 broccoli were resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15 and 20°C and partially resistant at 25 and 30°C. They were resistant to pathotype PB 7 and 15°C and almost totally susceptible at 20, 25° and 30°C. Oregon cabbage line OR 123 was resistant to pathotype PB 6 at 15°C at almost completely susceptible at 20, 25 and 30°C. It was resistant to pathotype PB 7 at all temperatures. Temperature sensitivity of resistance can partially explain why breeding lines are resistant in field trials and susceptible in greenhouse tests.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization analysis of sulfotransferases (SOTs) gene family in cotton (Gossypium) and its involvement in fiber development

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Wang ◽  
Xiyan Liu ◽  
Xiaoyang Wang ◽  
Zhaoe Pan ◽  
Xiaoli Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Localization Analysis ◽  
Growth Vigor ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Sulfotransferases (SOTs) (EC 2.8.2.-) play a crucial role in the sulphate conjugation reaction involved in plant growth, vigor, stress resistance and pathogen infection. SOTs in Arabidopsis have been carried out and divided into 8 groups. However, the systematic analysis and functional information of SOT family genes in cotton have rarely been reported. Results According to the results of BLASTP and HMMER, we isolated 46, 46, 76 and 77 SOT genes in the genome G. arboreum, G. raimondii, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, respectively. A total of 170 in 245 SOTs were further classified into four groups based on the orthologous relationships comparing with Arabidopsis, and tandem replication primarily contributed to the expansion of SOT gene family in G. hirsutum. Expression profiles of the GhSOT showed that most genes exhibited a high level of expression in the stem, leaf, and the initial stage of fiber development. The localization analysis indicated that GhSOT67 expressed in cytoplasm and located in stem and leaf tissue. Additionally, the expression of GhSOT67 were induced and the length of stem and leaf hairs were shortened after gene silencing mediated by Agrobacterium, compared with the blank and negative control plants. Conclusions Our findings indicated that SOT genes might be associated with fiber development in cotton and provided valuable information for further studies of SOT genes in Gossypium.

scholarly journals Expression of salicylic acid-related genes in Brassica oleracea var. capitata during Plasmodiophora brassicae infection

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Kumar Manoharan ◽  
Ashokraj Shanmugam ◽  
Indeok Hwang ◽  
Jong-In Park ◽  
Ill-Sup Nou
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Insight Into

Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) is an important vegetable crop in Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan. Cabbage production is severely affected by clubroot disease caused by the soil-borne plant pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. During clubroot development, methyl salicylate (MeSA) is biosynthesized from salicylic acid (SA) by methyltransferase. In addition, methyl salicylate esterase (MES) plays a major role in the conversion of MeSA back into free SA. The interrelationship between MES and methytransferases during clubroot development has not been fully explored. To begin to examine these relationships, we investigated the expression of MES genes in disease-susceptible and disease-resistant plants during clubroot development. We identified three MES-encoding genes potentially involved in the defense against pathogen attack. We found that SS1 was upregulated in both the leaves and roots of B. oleracea during P. brassicae infection. These results support the conclusion that SA biosynthesis is suppressed during pathogen infection in resistant plants. We also characterized the expression of a B. oleracea BSMT gene, which appears to be involved in glycosylation rather than MeSA biosynthesis. Our results provide insight into the functions and interactions of genes for MES and methyltransferase during infection. Taken together, our findings indicate that MES genes are important candidates for use to control clubroot diseases.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic response in symptomless roots of clubroot infected kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) mirrors resistant plants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ciaghi ◽  
Arne Schwelm ◽  
Sigrid Neuhauser
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Clubroot Disease ◽  
Gall Tissue ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis

AbstractBackgroundClubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae (Phytomyxea, Rhizaria) is one of the economically most important diseases of Brassica crops. The formation of hypertrophied roots accompanied by altered metabolism and hormone homeostasis is typical for infected plants. Not all roots of infected plants show the same phenotypic changes. While some roots remain uninfected, others develop galls of diverse size. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the intra-plant heterogeneity of P. brassicae root galls and symptomless roots of the same host plants (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) collected from a commercial field in Austria using transcriptome analyses.ResultsTranscriptomes were markedly different between symptomless roots and gall tissue. Symptomless roots showed transcriptomic traits previously described for resistant plants. Genes involved in host cell wall synthesis and reinforcement were up-regulated in symptomless roots indicating elevated tolerance against P. brassicae. By contrast, genes involved in cell wall degradation and modification processes like expansion were up-regulated in root galls. Hormone metabolism differed between symptomless roots and galls. Brassinosteroid-synthesis was down-regulated in root galls, whereas jasmonic acid synthesis was down-regulated in symptomless roots. Cytokinin metabolism and signalling were up-regulated in symptomless roots with the exception of one CKX6 homolog, which was strongly down-regulated. Salicylic acid (SA) mediated defence response was up-regulated in symptomless roots, compared with root gall tissue. This is probably caused by a secreted benzoic acid salicylic acid methyl transferase from the pathogen (PbBSMT), which was one of the highest expressed pathogen genes in gall tissue. The PbBSMT derived Methyl-SA potentially leads to increased pathogen tolerance in uninfected roots.ConclusionsInfected and uninfected roots of clubroot infected plants showed transcriptomic differences similar to those previously described between clubroot resistant and susceptible hosts. The here described intra-plant heterogeneity suggests, that for a better understanding of clubroot disease targeted, spatial analyses of clubroot infected plants will be vital in understanding this economically important disease.

EVALUATION OF NONIONIC SURFACTANTS FOR CONTROL OF CLUBROOT OF CABBAGE USING BAREROOT AND PLUG TRANSPLANTS OF TWO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 607b-607
Author(s):  
W. Tietjen ◽  
P.J. Nitzsche ◽  
W.P. Cowgill ◽  
M.H. Maletta ◽  
S.A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Disease Severity Index

`Market Prize' and `Bravo' cabbage (Brassica oleracea Var. capitata L.), transplanted as peat plug and bareroot plants into a field naturally infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae, Woronin, were treated immediately after planting with a liquid or a granular surfactant. APSA 80™, applied in transplant water, significantly reduced percent clubbing and disease severity index (DSI) compared to control treatments. Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™ did not significantly reduce percent clubbing or DSI. There was a significant effect of cultivar on percent clubbing and DSI. There was no significant effect of transplant type on percent clubbing or DSI. This year's study culminates five years of investigation of surfactants for clubroot control. Specific surfactants have proven to be an effective control of clubroot in cabbage. Chemical names used: nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (APSA 80™); alpha-alkanoic-hydro omega-hydroxy poly (oxyethylene) (Miller Soil Surfactant Granular™).

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