scholarly journals The Elicitation Effect of Pathogenic Fungi on Trichodermin Production byTrichoderma brevicompactum

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-Ping Shentu ◽  
Wei-Ping Liu ◽  
Xiao-Huan Zhan ◽  
Xiao-Ping Yu ◽  
Chuan-Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Thanatephorus Cucumeris ◽  
Optimum Time

The effects of six species of phytopathogenic fungi mycelia as elicitors on trichodermin yield byTrichoderma brevicompactumwere investigated. Neither nonviable nor viable mycelia ofBotrytis cinerea,Alternaria solani,Colletotrichum lindemuthianum,andThanatephorus cucumerisdemonstrated any elicitation on the accumulation of trichodermin. However, the production of trichodermin was increased by the presence of viable/nonviableRhizoctonia solaniandFusarium oxysporummycelia. The strongest elicitation effect was found at the presence of nonviableR. solani. At the presence of nonviableR. solani, the maximum yield of trichodermin (144.55 mg/L) was significantly higher than the Control (67.8 mg/L), and the cultivation time to obtain the maximum yield of trichodermin decreased from 72 h to 60 h. No difference of trichodermin accumulation was observed by changing the concentration of nonviableR. solanifrom 0.1 to 1.6 g/L. It was observed that the optimum time for adding nonviableR. solaniis immediately after inoculation. The diameter ofT. brevicompactummycelial globule after 72 h cultivation with nonviableR. solanielicitor was smaller than that of the Control.

Produktion pflanzlicher C6-Wundgase und ihre Wirkung auf einige phytopathogene Pilze / Production of C6-Wound Gases by Plants and the Effect on Some Phytopathogenic Fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Urbasch
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cladosporium Fulvum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Cyphomandra Betacea ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Tree Tomato

Abastract The production of C6-wound gases by cultivated and wild tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculenium Mill., L. hirsutum Humb. et Bonpl., L. peruvianum (L.) Mill., L. pimpinellifolium Mill., L. glandulosum C. H. Muller) and the tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.) was investigated. The genuine mixture of compounds and the single compounds showed antifungal properties against the phytopathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea Pers., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder & Hansen, Didymelia lycopersici Kleb, and Cladosporium fulvum Cooke.

scholarly journals Host And Temperature Preferensce, Male Occurrence And Morfomentrics Offungivorous Nematode, Aphelenchus Avenae Isolates From Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Buni Amin
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Body Dimension ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Aphelenchus Avenae

ABSTRACT. Host and temperature preference, male accurrence, and morfomentrics of 39 isolates of Apehelenchus avenae were investigated. Of the 39 isolates, 33 were from 7 sistrict of Kyushu, 3 preference were investigated on 4 species of fungi; Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Melonis, and Pyitum aphanidermatum growing on 1/5 strength PDA medium. The nematodes were incubated on respective fungus mat for 30 days at 25 and 30 OC host fungi and temperatures gave rise to various levels of reproduction and male accurance. The isolates were divided into 5 groups based on their reproductivity on their host fungi at the 2 temperature regimes. Most of the isolates of A. avenae progated themselves at 25 0C on B. cinera and R. solani AG-4, was 60.850 given by Nagasaki isolates (NA3). The maximum multiplication 48.420 at 0C accured on R. solani byu Kagoshima isiolate (KA3). The occurrence of males was very low in all isolates and it occurred only at 30 0C. De Man’s value of body dimension were measured and showed no significant variation among the isolates. Besides, There were no realtions between groupings by host preference and by body dimension.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Arginine-Based Surfactants

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Fait ◽  
Helen P. S. da Costa ◽  
Cleverson D. T. Freitas ◽  
Laura Bakás ◽  
Susana R. Morcelle
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Mechanism Of Toxicity ◽  
Surface Active

Background:Amino acid based surfactants constitute an important class of surface active biomolecules showing remarkable biocompatible properties. Antimicrobial activity is one of the most remarkable biological properties of this kind of surfactants, which have been widely studied against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, the antifungal activity of this kind of compound has been less well investigated. The aim of this work is the study of the antifungal activity of two novel argininebased surfactants (Nα-benzoyl-arginine decylamide, Bz-Arg-NHC10 and Nα-benzoyl-arginine dodecylamide, Bz-Arg-NHC12), obtained by an enzymatic strategy, against phytopathogenic filamentous fungi and dermatophyte strains.Methods:Four phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and two human pathogenic fungi (dermatophytes Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes) were tested. Inhibition of vegetative growth and conidia germination was investigated for the phytopathogenic fungi. In order to elucidate the possible mechanism of biocide action, membrane integrity, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. Additionally, the inhibition of germination of dermatophyte microconidia due to both arginine-based surfactants was studied. Minimum inhibitory concentration, as well as the concentration that inhibits 50% of germination were determined for both compounds and both fungal strains.Results:For the vegetative growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the most potent arginine-based compound was Bz-Arg-NHC10. All the tested compounds interfered with the conidia development of the studied species. Investigation of the possible mechanism of toxicity towards phytopathogenic fungi indicated direct damage of the plasma membrane and production of ROS. For the two strains of dermatophyte fungi tested, all the proved compounds showed similar fungistatic efficacy.Conclusion:: Bz-Arg-NHC10 and Bz-Arg-NHC12 were demonstrated to have broad biocidal ability against the proliferative vegetative form and the asexual reproductive conidia. Results suggest that both membrane permeabilization and induction of oxidative stress are part of the antifungal mechanisms involved in the interruption of normal conidia development by Bz-Arg-NHCn, leading to cell death.

scholarly journals Evaluación in vitro de principios activos de origen botánico para el control de hongos fitopatógenos

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. e1245
Author(s):  
Ernesto Cerna-Chávez ◽  
Gibran Alejandro-Rojas ◽  
Yisa María Ochoa-Fuentes ◽  
Luis Aguirre-Uribe ◽  
Jerónimo Landeros-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Para Determinar

Antecedentes: Los productos naturales presentan un alto potencial para remplazar a los fungicidas sintéticos, sin embargo, estos compuestos varían dependiendo de la etapa de desarrollo de la planta y condiciones climáticas de colecta, así como de la mezcla de compuestos presentes en el material vegetal. La separación de estos principios activos y la evaluación de su eficacia sobre diversos hongos fitopatógenos, podrían incrementar su uso bajo un esquema biorracional y de acuerdo con los principios de la química verde.Objetivo: Evaluar in vitro el efecto de los principios activos botánicos (PAB) de 1-8 cineol (Eucaliptol), β-citronelol, D-limoneno y alil isotiocianato, sobre el crecimiento micelial de los hongos Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum y Rhizoctonia solani. Métodos: Se determinó la concentración inhibitoria (CI50) de los PAB para cada especie de fitopatógeno, mediante bioensayos en medio de cultivo PDA envenenado. Se prepararon placas de cultivo con ocho concentraciones más un testigo por cada compuesto, que fluctuaron entre 20-160 ppm para β-citronelol, 500 a 4000 ppm para alil isotiocianato y entre 1000 a 4500 ppm para eucaliptol y D-limoneno, con intervalos de 20 y 500 ppm, respectivamente. Se tomaron lecturas diarias del crecimiento micelial hasta el cubrimiento de la caja de Petri (Ø 9 cm). A los resultados se les aplicó un análisis Probit por el método de máxima verosimilitud para determinar la CI50 y sus límites fiduciales.Resultados y conclusión: β-citronelol presentó las CI50, más bajas, seguido de alil isotocianato, D-limoneno y eucaliptol. Las CI50 de β-citronelol fueron de 5.44, 6.25 y 6.89 ppm para F. oxysporum, R. solani y A. solani respectivamente. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos, se recomienda el uso de estos PAB’s para el control de los fitopatógenos estudiados.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of saponins originated from Medicago hybrida against some ornamental plant pathogens

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Saniewska ◽  
Anna Jarecka ◽  
Zbigniew Biały ◽  
Marian Jurzysta
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Medicagenic Acid ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

Antifungal activity of total saponins originated from roots of <i>Medicago hybrida</i> (Pourret) Trautv. were evaluated <i>in vitro</i> against six pathogenic fungi and eight individual major saponin glycosides were tested against one of the most susceptible fungi. The total saponins showed fungitoxic effect at all investigated concentrations (0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%) but their potency was different for individual fungi. The highest saponin concentration (0.1%) was the most effective and the inhibition of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>callistephi</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>, <i>Phoma narcissi</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>narcissi</i> was 84.4%, 69.9%, 68.6%, 57.2%, 55.0%, respectively. While <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Schlecht., a pathogen of <i>Muscari armeniacum</i>, was inhibited by 9.5% only. Eight major saponin glycosides isolated from the total saponins of <i>M. hybrida</i> roots were tested against the mycelium growth of <i>Botrytis tulipae</i>. The mycelium growth of the pathogen was greatly inhibited by hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside. Medicagenic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside and oleanolic acid 3-O-[<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl(1→2)-<i>α</i>-L-galactopyranosyl]-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside showed low fungitoxic activity. Medicagenic acid 3-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl- 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, hederagenin 3-O-[α-L- hamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]- 28-O-α-D-glucopyranoside and hederagenin 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D- lucopyranoside did not limit or only slightly inhibited growth of the tested pathogen. While 2<i>β</i>, 3<i>β</i>-dihydroxyolean-12 ene-23-al-28-oic acid 3-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucuronopyranosyl-28-O-<i>β</i>-D-glucopyranoside slightly stimulated mycelium growth of <i>B. tulipae</i>.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of different parsley cultivars to infestation by pathogenic fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Second Year

The experiments were carried out in the years 2002 and 2003 on parsley seeds of 6 cultivars: Alba, Berlińska, Cukrowa, Kinga, Lenka, and Vistula. Mycological analysis of parsley seeds showed that the most common inhabitans were fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> (mainly <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>A. radicina</i>) and <i>Fusarium</i>, especially <i>F. avenaceum</i> and <i>F. oxysporum</i>. During the glasshouse investigations fungi <i>Alternaria radicina</i>, <i>A. alternata</i> and <i>Fusarium avenaceum</i> were the main reason for parsley damping-off. The highest number of infected seedlings was observed for Berlińska and Kinga, because in both years of experiments these cultivars had the lowest number of healthy seedlings. The highest number of healthy seedlings had cultivars Alba and Lenka, especially in the second year of experiments. In the field experiments not only fungi from genus <i>Alternaria</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> were the most often isolated from diseased parsley seedlings. <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was more often isolated from diseased field seedlings than from glasshouse parsley seedlings. Other fungies isolated often from parsley seedlings cultivated in the field were: <i>Pythium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon destructans</i> and <i>Stemphylium botryosum</i>.

scholarly journals Fungi isolated from Stewartia pseudocamellia Max. seeds and their pathogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
Halina Kurzawińska ◽  
Piotr Muras
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Typical Composition

The aim of studies was to determine typical composition of fungi occurring on seeds of <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>.The studies conducted on 100 disinfected and 100 nondisinfected seeds of these plants.Isolates of <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>Cylindrocarpon radicicola</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> were characterized by pathogenicity towards the investigated <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>. In the laboratory experiment, 204 isolations of microorganisms were obtained that belonged to 20 species and form of fungi and bacteria. Among fungi there were both of parasite (<i>Alternaria alternata</i>, <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Fusarium</i> spp., <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>) and typical saprophytic (<i>Cladosporium</i> spp., <i>Penicillium</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., <i>Epicoccum</i> spp., <i>Mucor</i> spp.). The dominant fungus on seeds was <i>Alternaria alternata</i>. Among the investigated isolates only one isolate (R4) <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, was strongly pathogenic, isolates (A1) <i>Alternaria alternata</i> were weakly pathogenic to seedlings of <i>Stewartia pseudocamellia</i>.

scholarly journals BIOASSAY OF BOTANICAL OILS AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Tahira Parveen ◽  
Kanika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Whatman Paper

Objective: In vitro antifungal activity of six essential oils of 1. Ocimum tenuiflorum (Purple leaves/Krishna Tulsi) 2. Cymbopogon citrates (Nimbu ghas), 3. Origanum majorina (Sweet majoram), 4. Ocimum citriodorum (Nimbu tulsi), 5. Ocimum bascillicum (Gulal tulsi), and 6. Ocimum sanctum (Green leaves/Shree tulsi) were investigated against economically important phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani, isolated from infected chilly. Methods: The experiment was carried out by Whatman paper disc method using Whatman paper No.3 on Potato Dextrose Agar with three replicates. Five concentrations of each essential oils i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% were assayed against the test fungus. The experiment was carried out at 27ᵒC and mycelial growth was measured after every third day, upto 15 d using statistical method.Results: It is an evident from this study that all the oils used in this study are inhibiting test fungi, oil of O. bascillicum and O. sanctum are completely (100%) inhibiting test fungi.Conclusion: It may be concluded from the above study that all the taken oils have a good potential to control plant pathogenic fungi and these could be considered for developing a new fungicide.

scholarly journals Phytopathogenic Fungal Inhibitors from Celery Seeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liu ◽  
Fu-Guang Liu ◽  
Hui-Qin Xie ◽  
Qing Mu
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Light Petroleum ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Celery Seeds

Extract of celery ( Apium graveolens L.) seeds was investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. The light petroleum extract showed promising inhibition activities in the tests against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfecum. Chromatographic separation of the extract gave 19 fractions, one of which, QCZ-4, possessed significant inhibitory rates of 64.6%, 88.4% and 54.7% at a concentration of 100 ppm against R. solani, F. oxysporium f. sp. vasinfecum and Alternaria alternata, respectively. Major components in the active fraction were identified by GC-MS as p-(2-aminoethyl)phenol (39.7%), 3-(3,4-dimethybenzoyl) propionic acid (32.6%) and p-heptylphenol (26.9%).

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