Effects of the insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis on Sorex cinereus (masked shrew) populations, diet, and prey selection in a jack pine plantation in northern Ontario

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Bellocq ◽  
J. F. Bendell ◽  
B. L. Cadogan
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Sorex Cinereus

A simulated operational spray with Bacillus thuringiensis in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantation near Gogama, Ontario, showed effects of the insecticide on the population structure, diet, and prey selection of the masked shrew, Sorex cinereus. During the pretreatment period, the abundance and population structure of S. cinereus were similar in the control and experimental areas. Although the total abundance of shrews was also similar after spraying, there were fewer adult males and more juveniles in the treated area than in the control. The emigration of adult males was apparently increased after spraying. Lepidopteran larvae and Araneae were the most abundant items in the diet. After spraying, more lepidopteran larvae were eaten on the control than on the treated area. Juveniles and adult females but not adult males shifted from lepidoptran larvae to alternative prey in the treated area. Generalist insectivores such as S. cinereus are more likely to control the abundance of arthropods and less likely to be impacted negatively by selective insecticides such as B. thuringiensis.

The effects on small-mammal populations of aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® used against jack pine budworm in Ontario

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1318-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
James F. Bendell
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Choristoneura Pinus ◽  
Jack Pine Budworm

In late June 1985, both operational and experimental aerial spraying was conducted against an outbreak of jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus) in northern Ontario. We report the effects of the insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis, fenitrothion, and Matacil® on populations of rodents and shrews in young (20 years) and medium-aged (40 years) jack pine (Pinus banksiana) plantations. Live, snap, and pitfall traps were used to monitor small-mammal populations from early June to late August on four sprayed plots and two control plots. We found no statistically significant differences in abundances that could be attributed to an insecticide. However, pitfall trapping suggested that the abundance of shrews was altered by the fenitrothion spray. Both the pattern and magnitude of shrew captures was different relative to a control and two other treatment plots. This difference may have resulted from the lack of available prey (arthropods) on the fenitrothion plot. With the exception of fenitrothion, our results agree with other studies which suggest that standard applications of insecticides to control forest insects have no detectable or only limited impact on small mammals.

scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana) and Red Pine (P. resinosa) Populations From Metal Contaminated Areas in Northern Ontario (Canada) Using ISSR Markers

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ranger ◽  
K. K. Nkongolo ◽  
P. Michael ◽  
P. Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Information Index

Abstract Metal accumulation in soil and plant tissues has caused severe ecological damage in forest ecosystems in the Sudbury region. The main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of genetic diversity in jack and red pine populations growing in metal contaminated and uncontaminated areas. Newly introduced populations were compared to 40 to 60 old populations. For jack pine, the percentage of polymorphic loci (P %) ranged from 14.6% to 45.8% with a mean of 31.6%. Nei’s gene diversity (h) varied from 0.046 to 0.169 with an average of 0.100, and Shannon’s index (I) ranged from 0.070 to 0.250 with an average of 0.153. The level of genetic variation was much lower in the red pine populations. For this species, the level of polymorphic loci varied from 4.55% to 27.27%. The mean for Nei’s gene diversity and Shannon’s information index, were 0.034 and 0.053, respectively. The highest genetic diversity values were observed in new plantations being developed by the Sudbury reforestation program. Overall, the genetic distance among the Pinus banksiana populations revealed that all the populations analyzed were genetically close to each other. There was no association between metal accumulation and genetic diversity for both species.

scholarly journals Shelter Spot Seeding Trials with Jack Pine, Black Spruce and White Spruce in Northern Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. J. Dominy ◽  
J. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Bare Spot ◽  
Height Data

Seeding trials were established on four different sites in northern Ontario (46°41′N to 49°19′N) in 1979 and 1980. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) was seeded on two medium sand sites, black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) on a sandy clay site, and white spruce (P. glauca [Moench] Voss) on a clay site. Conventional bare spot seeding was compared with spot seeding under Finnish-designed plastic shelters. At least two seeding dates were compared in each trial. Third- and fifth-year stocking and fifth-year height data are presented.Stocking of all three species was increased, regardless of sowing date, when shelters were used. With the exception of June-sown black spruce and one June sowing of jack pine, height growth was not significantly improved through the use of seed shelters. Shelters may prove to be a viable regeneration option only on cooler, exposed sites with little vegetative competition. Key words: Shelter spot seeding, bare spot seeding, Pinus banksiana Lamb., Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P., P. glauca [Moench] Voss.

scholarly journals Estimating the timing of maximum pollen release from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario

1996 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di-Giovanni ◽  
P. G. Kevan ◽  
G.-É. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Operational Testing ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Start Dates

A practical heat sum method was validated for estimating the date of maximal pollen release of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in northern Ontario. The base temperature and start date that minimized differences between estimated and observed maximum pollen release dates were sought. Heat sums were calculated for all data sets (n = 26) for a range of base temperatures (1 to 20 °C) and start dates (January 1 to maximum pollen release). The best combination was a start date at Julian day 107 and base temperature at 4 °C. The heat sum to maximum pollen release was 288.58 degree days and the average difference between estimated and observed was 2.75 days. Recommendations for operational testing are made. Key words: heat sum, phenology, Piuns banksiana Lamb., temperature, pollen, dehiscence, contamination, seed orchard

Climatic sensitivity, water-use efficiency, and growth decline in boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forests in Northern Ontario

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 2761-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Dietrich ◽  
F. Wayne Bell ◽  
Lucas C. R. Silva ◽  
Alice Cecile ◽  
William R. Horwath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Climatic Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Decline ◽  
Use Efficiency

High Densities of the Masked Shrew, Sorex cinereus, in Jack Pine Plantations in Northern Ontario

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan G. L. Innes ◽  
James F. Bendell ◽  
Brian J. Naylor ◽  
Beverley A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Jack Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Sorex Cinereus

Planting recommendations for blueberry — sweetfern sites in northern Ontario

1975 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
R. E. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Average Height ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Local Conditions

This is an extension of a 1968 report on experiments established to study species, age-classes, and planting site treatments for blueberry-sweet-fern (Vaccinium-Comptonia) sites in northern Ontario. Red pine (3–0 and 2–2) and jack pine (2–0 and 2–1) were planted in scalped spots, in furrows, in herbicide-spray strips, in ground cover, and in bulldozed plots. This report is based on survival and height at 10 years after planting.The results suggest that jack pine is more satisfactory than red pine, producing much greater aggregate height (survival × average height). In both species transplants performed better than seedlings. Comparisons of site treatment and planting methods showed that furrowing and bulldozing were both satisfactory for 2–2 red pine, but that bulldozing was clearly the best method for jack pine.Reforestation of dry "blueberry-sweetfern" sites in north-central and northeastern Ontario has often been difficult. These plant associations occur on dry sands and gravels, usually following a fire, or a cutover and burn. The ground cover is Vaccinium spp. and Comptonia peregrina (L) Coult., with scattered herbs and grasses. There may also be light or open cover of trees, such as jack pine Pinus banksiana Lamb.), white birch (Betula payrifera Marsh) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Jack pine is the common species for planting but under some local conditions red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) may be preferred.In 1959 experimental plots were established in the forest districts of Chapleau, Swastika and North Bay, to examine some aspects of the planting requirements for these sites. This report is based on the tenth-year survival and height measurements at Swastika and North Bay. The Chapleau plots are not included because of uncertainty caused by invasion of natural seedlings. An earlier report (Mullin 1968a) was based on the Chapleau and Swastika plots to the fifth-year after planting.

Effects of introgression on the genetic population structure of two ecologically and economically important conifer species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine I. Cullingham ◽  
Janice E.K. Cooke ◽  
David W. Coltman
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Important Species

Forest trees exhibit a remarkable range of adaptations to their environment, but as a result of frequent and long-distance gene flow, populations are often only weakly differentiated. Lodgepole and jack pine hybridize in western Canada, which adds the opportunity for introgression through hybridization to contribute to population structure and (or) adaptive variation. Access to large sample size, high density SNP datasets for these species would improve our ability to resolve population structure, parameterize introgression, and separate the influence of demography from adaptation. To accomplish this, 454 transcriptome reads for lodgepole and jack pine were assembled using Newbler and MIRA, the assemblies mined for SNPs, and 1536 SNPs were selected for typing on lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids (N = 536). We identified population structure using both Bayesian clustering and discriminate analysis of principle components. Introgressed SNP loci were identified and their influence on observed population structure was assessed. We found that introgressed loci resulted in increased differentiation both within lodgepole and jack pine populations. These findings are timely given the recent mountain pine beetle population expansion in the hybrid zone, and will facilitate future studies of adaptive traits in these ecologically important species.

Population structure of a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (P. banksiana) complex as revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrance Z Ye ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Francis C Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Putative Hybrid

We studied the population structure of a lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) complex in west central Alberta and neighboring areas by assessing random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variability in 23 lodgepole pine, 9 jack pine, and 8 putative hybrid populations. Of 200 random primers screened, 10 that amplified 39 sharp and reproducible RAPDs were chosen for the study. None of the 39 RAPDs were unique to the parental species. RAPD diversity ranged from 0.085 to 0.190 among populations and averaged 0.143 for lodgepole pine, 0.156 for jack pine, 0.152 for hybrids, and 0.148 for all 40 populations. The estimated population differentiation based on GST was 0.168 for hybrids, 0.162 for lodgepole pine, 0.155 for jack pine, and 0.247 across all 40 populations. Cluster analysis of genetic distances generally separated jack pine from lodgepole pine and hybrids, but no division could be identified that further separated lodgepole pine from hybrids. The observed weak to mild trend of "introgression by distance" in the complex and neighbouring areas was consistent with the view that introgressive hybridization between lodgepole and jack pines within and outside the hybrid zone may have been through secondary contact and primary intergradation, respectively.Key words: introgression, lodgepole–jack pine complex, natural hybridization, random amplified polymorphic DNA.

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