scholarly journals ACCOUNT OF A RECENT SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAK IN THE LAURENTIDE PARK REGION OF QUEBEC AND MEASURES FOR REDUCING DAMAGE IN FUTURE OUTBREAKS

1964 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Temporary Reduction ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Apparent Reasons

Pulpwood stands in the Laurentide Park region of Quebec were subjected to defoliation by the spruce budworm between 1946 and 1958. Progress of the outbreak was traced from survey records and from radial growth data from 102 localities. The apparent reasons for the temporary reduction in population level from 1951 to 1953, and for the collapse of the infestation in 1958 are discussed. Estimates based on information provided by the various operators in the area place the total amount of merchantable softwoods destroyed at 5.4 million cords, while calculations based on radial growth studies reveal that approximately 1.8 million cords were lost through reductions in increment. About 1.6 million cords were salvaged before the dead wood was rendered unusable by sapwood rots. Measures that would reduce losses from future outbreaks are proposed and discussed.

scholarly journals The Effects of a Western Spruce Budworm Outbreak on the Dead Wood Component in Relation to Ownership in Forests of Eastern Oregon

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Azuma
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Standing Dead Trees ◽  
The Dead

Abstract Forest Inventory and Analysis data were used to investigate the effects of a severe western spruce budworm outbreak on the dead wood component of forests in 11 counties of eastern Oregon for two time periods. The ownership and the level of damage (as assessed by aerial surveys) affected the resulting down woody material and standing dead trees. The pattern of coarse woody debris with respect to ownership and management intensity remained consistent into the next 10-year period. Harvesting tended to lower the amount of coarse woody debris on private forests. Federally managed forests had more standing dead trees than private lands, with more in the reserved than nonreserved areas. There was a reduction in the number of standing dead trees between the two periods.

scholarly journals COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS OF RADIAL-GROWTH DATA FROM TREES FOR EVIDENCE OF PAST SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS

1962 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Host Trees

Methods used in the collection of radial-growth data from host and non-host trees of the spruce budworm for the purpose of establishing evidence of past spruce budworm outbreaks are described. The preparation and examination of the material and the interpretation of the data are discussed. These techniques are based on experience gained in the course of studies in three widely-separated regions in Ontario and Quebec over a period of several years.

SPRUCE BUDWORM OUTBREAKS IN THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND GASPE REGIONS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Blais
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Growth Studies ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
History Of

Evidence of past spruce budworm outbreaks in the lower St. Lawrence and Gaspé regions was obtained through radial-growth studies of balsam fir and white spruce. Outbreaks of this insect were known to have taken place in the Lower St. Lawrence in 1878 and 1912; this was confirmed by the present investigations. However, the data indicate that the 1912 infestation was of greater severity and duration than previously supposed. Forests in the Gaspé were thought to have escaped these past outbreaks. Although no trace was found of the 1878 infestation in the Gaspé, the present study clearly shows that the infestation of 1912 covered close to 9,000 square miles in this region.The recent outbreak of 1950 which affected both regions was generally more severe than that of 1912, especially in the Gaspé. Changes in forest composition appear to be responsible for this situation. Balsam fir, the preferred host of the spruce budworm comprised 46 per cent by volume of the Gaspé forests 30 years ago, but this has since increased to 80 per cent as a result of the destruction of large quantities of white spruce and birch through the respective action of the European spruce sawfly and the birch dieback. The history of past spruce budworm outbreaks indicates that conditions for the development and maintenance of such outbreaks are less favourable in the Gaspé than in the Lower St. Lawrence. This situation appears to be the result of the prevailing cool, moist climate of the Gaspé.

Lxxix: Conrad's Revision of “the Lighthouse” in Nostromo

PMLA ◽  
1937 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1190
Author(s):  
George W. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
The Other ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
The Dead ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Consummate Skill

To the student of writing and literature few inquiries are more interesting and valuable than that into an author's practices in revising his own work. To observe the various stages in the evolution of the final version, to note carefully an artist at his work of pruning the dead wood, adding fresh material, smoothing away harsh phrases, selecting just words, and letting light into obscure places—to do this is to come somewhat nearer to an understanding of what in spite of all analysis will remain essentially a mystery. Especially fascinating and instructive is the study of Conrad's revision, for here one sees a supreme artist at work. In his vigorous hewing and rebuilding there is conclusive proof of the artist's untiring industry and consummate skill. Conrad's revision of Nostromo is of particular interest, for this novel occupies a critical place in the evolution of Conrad's prose. Mr. Richard Curie has justly characterized the change that came over Conrad's prose—a change perceptible in the “Amy Foster” of Typhoon and fully marked in from Under Western Eyes onward. This evolution has smoothed away the cadence, has concentrated the manner, has toned down the style of Conrad's former exuberance. At first glance the later and the earlier Conrad appear two totally different men. The unruly splendor of the one has given way to the subtle and elastic suavity of the other … His earlier prose is sometimes uncertain, sometimes exaggerated, but his later prose has the uniform temper of absolute mastery.

THE SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH RINGS IN JACK PINE IN RELATION TO DEFOLIATION BY THE SWAINE JACK-PINE SAWFLY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Dense Stand

An investigation of the radial growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) defoliated by the Swaine jack-pine sawfly (Neodiprion swainei Midd.) disclosed that growth rings were discontinuous and missing in cross-sectional disks from severely damaged trees. In young and open-grown trees with dead tops, the incidence of such deficiencies in radial growth was especially high in disks from upper regions of the stems, in the vicinity of the dead tops; radial growth was suspended for 1 year and subsequently resumed in disks from the lower regions of some stems. Cambial inactivity was more generalized in trees from an old and dense stand and it was detected in disks representing major portions of some of the stems sampled; the death of some trees followed 2 to 6 years of cambial inactivity in disks cut at various heights along their entire stems. Growth deficiencies in the young stand were clearly effects of severe sawfly defoliation. Data from the old, dense stand indicated that sawfly defoliation had perhaps merely hastened the gradual deterioration of the stand in which intertree competition was intense.

scholarly journals Dead wood and mycoflora in Nature Reserve Polom, Protected Landscape Area Železné hory

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-134
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
J. Beránek ◽  
AVágner
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Wood Decomposition ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
The Dead

Activity of fungi participating in the dead wood decomposition was studied in the Velk&yacute; Polom Nature Reserve, Protected Landscape Area Železn&eacute; hory. Two game-proof fences of an area of 0.30 ha (570 m alt.) and 0.19 ha (620 m alt.) were <br />used as permanent sample plots. In both the plots, activities were monitored of wood-destroying fungi in 126.82 m<sup>3</sup> dead wood, 104.05 m<sup>3 </sup>of which were in beech. After conversion to an area, the volume amounts to 258.82 m<sup>3</sup> per ha. In the whole reserve, almost 220 species of macromycetes were recorded in the course of a mycological survey. Wood-destroying fungi are the dominant component of mycoflora representing more than 50% identified taxa of in the period under study. The proportion of mycorrhizal fungi amounted to 14%. A series of macromycetes considered to be saprophytes is bound to products of wood decomposition. Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr., Fomitopsis pinicola (Sowerby) P. Karst., Ustulina deusta (Fr.) Petrak, Hypoxylon fragiforme (Pers.) Kickx, Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) Atk. and the genus Armillaria were the predominant species of wood-decaying fungi. As for rare macro-fungi, it is possible to mention Ascotremella faginea (Peck) Seaver, Stropharia albocrenulata (Peck) Kreisel and Tricholomopsis decora (Fr.) Singer.

Dead branches on living trees constitute a large part of the dead wood in managed boreal forests, but are not important for wood-dependent lichens

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Måns Svensson ◽  
Anders Dahlberg ◽  
Thomas Ranius ◽  
Göran Thor
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
The Dead

The dead forest on Trindade Island was not monospecific, says the wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-S3
Author(s):  
Luciana Witovisk ◽  
Ruy J.V. Alves ◽  
Alessandra R. Guimarães ◽  
Nilber G. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Wood Colour ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Trindade Island ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The 1960S

The first reports of a dead forest on Trindade Island are from the 18th century. Since then, the tentative identifications of the trees with red wood included Caesalpinia, Acacia, Rapanea, Pisonia, Eugenia and Colubrina, the latter having been confirmed by three independent wood anatomists familiar with Brazilian woods. In the 1960s Johann Becker was the last to sample a live Colubrina glandulosa Perkins var. reitzii on Trindade, which was presumed to be a remnant of the extinct forest. Based on this information, along with the eradication of feral goats from the island in 2005, thousands of C. glandulosa seedlings were reintroduced to Trindade. These trees, which grew well at first, are now collectively dying, less than two decades after planting. Their wood colour is much lighter than that of the dead trees, raising doubts about the latter’s correct identification. Herein we report the first detailed descriptions of two wood types from the extinct forest of Trindade, confirming the presence of C. glandulosa and reporting the presence of Paratecoma peroba (Bignoniaceae), a novel occurrence for the island. Radiocarbon dating of a dead C. glandulosa tree confirms that it belongs to the forest which died three centuries ago. The preserved wood proves that the extinct forest was not monospecific and suggests that further sampling of the remaining dead wood may enhance the floristic knowledge of the forest which once covered most of the island with additional species.

5 Return to Parliament: May to October 1940

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 197-224
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
The Dead

Friday 10 May 1940 Neville Chamberlain announced his resignation on the wireless tonight: a dignified effort — Winston is to rule in his stead — so at last that man has gained his ambition: I never thought he would — well — let us hope that he makes good. I have never believed in him: I only hope that my judgement of the man will be proved wrong. He certainly possesses courage, imagination and drive[,] and age and experience and responsibility may give him judgement — then all should be well. One is sorry for Neville but I should imagine that he has only himself (and David Margesson) to blame for his fall: he should long ago have cut the dead wood out of his administration. The Germans invaded Holland and Belgium early this morning — troops dropped from the air appeared to be very busy in both countries. … No doubt we were ready for this coup. The war has now really begun and we are in for a period of strain and tension.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document