THE SUPPRESSION OF GROWTH RINGS IN JACK PINE IN RELATION TO DEFOLIATION BY THE SWAINE JACK-PINE SAWFLY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Dense Stand

An investigation of the radial growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) defoliated by the Swaine jack-pine sawfly (Neodiprion swainei Midd.) disclosed that growth rings were discontinuous and missing in cross-sectional disks from severely damaged trees. In young and open-grown trees with dead tops, the incidence of such deficiencies in radial growth was especially high in disks from upper regions of the stems, in the vicinity of the dead tops; radial growth was suspended for 1 year and subsequently resumed in disks from the lower regions of some stems. Cambial inactivity was more generalized in trees from an old and dense stand and it was detected in disks representing major portions of some of the stems sampled; the death of some trees followed 2 to 6 years of cambial inactivity in disks cut at various heights along their entire stems. Growth deficiencies in the young stand were clearly effects of severe sawfly defoliation. Data from the old, dense stand indicated that sawfly defoliation had perhaps merely hastened the gradual deterioration of the stand in which intertree competition was intense.

scholarly journals Acoustic-Based Prediction of End-Product-Based Fibre Determinates within Standing Jack Pine Trees

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Peter F. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Cross Sectional

The objective of this study was to specify, parameterize, and evaluate an acoustic-based inferential framework for estimating commercially-relevant wood attributes within standing jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb) trees. The analytical framework consisted of a suite of models for predicting the dynamic modulus of elasticity (me), microfibril angle (ma), oven-dried wood density (wd), tracheid wall thickness (wt), radial and tangential tracheid diameters (dr and dt, respectively), fibre coarseness (co), and specific surface area (sa), from dilatational stress wave velocity (vd). Data acquisition consisted of (1) in-forest collection of acoustic velocity measurements on 61 sample trees situated within 10 variable-sized plots that were established in four mature jack pine stands situated in boreal Canada followed by the removal of breast-height cross-sectional disk samples, and (2) given (1), in-laboratory extraction of radial-based transverse xylem samples from the 61 disks and subsequent attribute determination via Silviscan-3. Statistically, attribute-specific acoustic prediction models were specified, parameterized, and, subsequently, evaluated on their goodness-of-fit, lack-of-fit, and predictive ability. The results indicated that significant (p ≤ 0.05) and unbiased relationships could be established for all attributes but dt. The models explained 71%, 66%, 61%, 42%, 30%, 19%, and 13% of the variation in me, wt, sa, co, wd, ma, and dr, respectively. Simulated model performance when deploying an acoustic-based wood density estimate indicated that the expected magnitude of the error arising from predicting dt, co, sa, wt, me, and ma prediction would be in the order of ±8%, ±12%, ±12%, ±13%, ±20%, and ±39% of their true values, respectively. Assessment of the utility of predicting the prerequisite wd estimate using micro-drill resistance measures revealed that the amplitude-based wd estimate was inconsequentially more precise than that obtained from vd (≈ <2%). A discourse regarding the potential utility and limitations of the acoustic-based computational suite for forecasting jack pine end-product potential was also articulated.

The Relationship of Spathimeigenia spinigera Townsend (Diptera: Tachinidae) to its Host, Neodiprion swainei Midd. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Tripp
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Extensive Program ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Studies on the parasites of the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd., form part of an extensive program designed to assess the factors influencing population dynamics of this important defoliator of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb. Investigations were carried out in the Province of Quebec between 1955 and 1959 near the headwaters of the Gatineau River, Abitibi County, and continued during 1960 and 1961 near the source of the Vermillion River, County Laviolette. In both areas, one of the principal parasites associated with N. swainei was the tachinid, Spathimeigenia spinigera Townsend. Descriptions of the immature stages of this parasite, and details of its behaviour were published previously (Tripp, 1960).

POTENTIAL OF ANTIFEEDANTS TO CONTROL LARVAL FEEDING OF SELECTED NEODIPRION SAWFLIES (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1976 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. All ◽  
D. M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
European Pine Sawfly ◽  
Feeding Development ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

AbstractAntifeedants for controlling larval feeding of several Neodiprion sawflies were evaluated in laboratory and field studies. Nine commercially available insect antifeedants and a hexane extract of the juvenile foliage of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lambert, were tested on larvae of six species. In laboratory bioassays larvae exhibited varying sensitivity to antifeedants; generally species with monophagous or restricted oligophagous feeding habits were most sensitive. In the laboratory the Swaine jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Middleton, had severely restricted feeding, development, survival, and fecundity. Triphenyltin hydroxide was toxic to N. swainei and to European pine sawfly, N. sertifer (Geoffroy). In field tests certain antifeedants disrupted N. swainei feeding and development. The colonial behavior of larvae often was disrupted and solitary larvae fell from trees or wandered on twigs. Colony disruption by most antifeedants was temporary and many larvae resumed feeding.

Notes on Leconte's Sawfly

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
A. S. West
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Neodiprion Lecontei ◽  
Significant Damage

Leconte's sawfly or the red-headed pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei Fitch) is a common insect attacking pines in Ontario. Plantations red pine are almost invariably attacked from the time the trees have reached two to four feet in height. Periodically epidemic populations cause significant damage. The life history and habits of the species have heen described by Middleton (2) who states that this insect attacks practically all species of pine as bell as larch. Schaffner (3) also indicates that the larvae feed on a wide variety of pine and occasionally on other conifers. Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) is undoubtedly the usual host, although in Ontario jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) is sometimes attacked. In 1946 evidence was secured to show that jack pine needles may be selected for oviposition even in an area where red pine foliage is plentiful. (Figure 1).

The use of multiple measurement techniques to refine estimates of conifer needle geometry

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Bond-Lamberty ◽  
C Wang ◽  
S T Gower
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Axis Ratio ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Simple Equations

Knowledge of foliar surface area is important in many fields, but estimating the area of nonflat conifer needles is difficult. The primary goal of this study was to use optical scanning and immersion methods to test and refine the standard cross-sectional geometries assumed for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) needles. Projected leaf area (PLA, measured using a flatbed scanner), and hemisurface leaf area (HSLA, estimated from water immersion) were compared for conifer samples from a 37-year-old even-aged stand in northern Manitoba, Canada. The HSLA–PLA relationship was used to infer information about needle cross-sectional geometry after assuming a basic form (rhombus for black spruce and hemiellipse for jack pine). The cross section of black spruce needles was best approximated as a rhombus with a major/minor diagonal ratio of 1.35. Jack pine needles were best described by a hemiellipse with major/minor axis ratio of 1.30. Minor but incorrect assumptions of needle cross-sectional geometry resulted in foliar area errors of 6–8% using scanning methods and 1–2% using immersion methods. Simple equations are presented to calculate hemisurface needle area from volume or projected needle area based on these refined parameters.

Oviposition of the Red-Headed Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Oviposition Behaviour ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Neodiprion Lecontei ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Pine Sawfly

The oviposition behaviour of Neodiprion sawflies has been the subject of much investigation in recent years. The impetus for this interest seems to lie in the paper by Atwood and Peck (1943), in which it was suggested that the number and spacing of eggs on needles were a useful tool for the identification of memhers of this important group of conifer defoliators. Ghent (1955) has analysed the egg clusters of N. pratti banksianae Roh., and Ghent and Wallace (1958) have investigated the behaviour responsible for the pairing of eggs on adjacent jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb. ) needles by N. swainei Midd. More recently, Ghent (1959) has presented a study of the factors determining the spacing of eggs by the European pine sawfly, N. sertifer (Geoff.). Of these, the 1955 and 1959 papers, in addition to making valuable contributions to our understanding of the behaviour of adults, cast doubt on the usefulness of the number and spacing of eggs as identifying characters in these species.

Notes on the Parasites of Neodiprion nanulus Schedl (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

1954 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Beneficial Insects ◽  
Heavy Infestation

In collecting sawfly eggs, larvae, and cocoons for propagating beneficial insects at the Belleville laboratory, a heavy infestation of a pine sawfly, Neodiprion nanulus Schedl, was discovered in 1942 nine miles north of Belleville, on a 25-year-old plantation of red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.; Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.; and jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb.From samples of the eggs collected in the spring of 1943, no parasites emerged.

scholarly journals A Mathematically Tractable Stem Profile Model for Jack Pine in Ontario

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Model ◽  
Volume Estimates

Abstract A new model was derived to describe the inside bark cross-sectional area of tree stems. It is a rational function. The inputs required by the model are outside bark tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height (H). Knowledge of a species-specific bark thickness at 1.3 m expressed in terms of input variables is also needed. Defining the model involves estimating two regression coefficients using either nonlinear or linear regression (after linearization of the model). The formula is analytically integrable and thus provides analytical inside bark volume estimates for any stem section defined by height limits. The model is analytically solvable for a stem height location at any given inside bark diameter, so that stem sections can be defined by the required inside bark diameter limits. The new model can be calibrated using either section diameter or section volume data. It is suggested that involving the ratio H/DBH in the model accounts for the influence of stand density on stem profile. The formula was calibrated for jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in Ontario. Wider applicability of the model is supported by results obtained for sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in Ontario and Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) in Finland. Comparing volume estimates from the new model with those generated by Honer's formula confirms the advantages of the new model. North. J. Appl. For. 16(3):138-143.

SOME EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION ON THE GROWTH OF JACK PINE (PINUS BANKSIANA LAMB.)

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Pine Sawfly ◽  
Reduced Height

Young jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) were defoliated manually to measure the effects of defoliation on growth of this species, and to determine the relative efficiency of foliage of different ages with respect to growth. The removal of 2-year-old or 3-year-old foliage had no appreciable effect on tree growth, but their joint removal reduced height growth. Height growth was also reduced by the removal of 1-year-old foliage. Current foliage was found essential for the maintenance of normal height, diameter, and shoot growth; in addition, its removal induced high bud mortality, the production of profuse adventitious growth, and a reduction in the rate of shoot elongation. Trees deprived of all but current foliage showed marked reductions in height, diameter, and shoot growth. Complete defoliation resulted in tree death shortly thereafter. Growth reductions resulting from some of the treatments approximated that following defoliation by the Swaine jack-pine sawfly (Neodiprion swainei Midd.). Also, the present results are compared with those obtained by several other workers in this field.

False rings in jack pine and black spruce trees from eastern Manitoba as indicators of dry summers

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1722-1736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Hoffer ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
False Rings

False rings (FRs) are a tree-ring anomaly that can be used to better understand tree growth and potentially reconstruct past climatic events. The main objective of this study was to explore the association between FRs and climate, especially drought occurrence. Sampling was conducted in Nopiming Provincial Park. Wood cores were extracted from jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in five stands and from co-occurring black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) in three of these stands. After cross-dating, earlywood, latewood, and total ring width were measured on all cores. All FRs were identified, and their position within a tree ring was determined. Both species showed similar radial growth and FR patterns. Jack pine and to a lesser extent black spruce both showed abundant FRs in the juvenile period. Springs with cool and snowy conditions and summers with severe drought were associated with a higher frequency of FRs. These anomalies could be formed partly in response to timing of the start of the growing season and to conditions during that growing season that lead to interruption and subsequent resumption of normal growth. Jack pine radial growth was found to be more sensitive to precipitation, whereas that of black spruce was more sensitive to temperature.

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