scholarly journals Micro Combined Heat and Power Systems – Evaluation of a Sample Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anayo A. Ezeamama ◽  
Eike Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Sample Application

The growing need for a secure, cost-effective, less polluting and efficient form of energy has contributed to an increasing interest in the use of micro combined heat and power (MCHP) systems. In this paper, the environmental performance and economic feasibility of a 1 kWe internal combustion engine (ICE) MCHP system in a one-family house was assessed and compared with the baseline scenario were residential energy demands are met with grid electricity and natural gas fired condensing boilers. The result of the analysis shows that MCHP systems present opportunities for savings in energy costs. Based on a social discount rate (SDR) of 5 % and a calculated 3259 operating hours, a simple payback period of about 4.8 years was derived as the time needed to recover the extra investment cost of the ICE unit. The result of the sensitivity analysis reveals that, both the running hours and price of electricity have significant effects on the payback period of the project. Considering the end of useful life period of the systems, MCHP offer a good replacement for conventional gas boilers of 90 % efficiency. However, their high initial costs (when compared to high efficiency condensing boilers), could be seen as the major factor hampering market diffusion. Also, considering the optimal environmental benefits, MCHP system produced more on-site CO2 emissions in reference to the condensing boiler but generally, annual CO2 emission is reduced by about 38 % when compared to the overall separate generation of heat and power scenario.

scholarly journals Design parameters influencing the operation of a CHP plant within a micro-grid: application of the ANOVA test

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Alberto Fichera ◽  
Arturo Pagano ◽  
Rosaria Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Cost Parameters

Combined heat and power systems are widely recognized as a cost-effective solution for the achievement of sustainable and energy efficiency goals. During the last decade, cogeneration systems have been extensively studied from both the technological and operational viewpoints. However, the operation of a cogeneration system is a topic still worth of investigation. In fact, along with the determination of the optimal configurations of the combined heat and power systems, it is likewise fundamental to increase the awareness on the design and cost parameters affecting the operation of cogeneration systems, especially if considering the micro-grid in which they are inserted. In this direction, this paper proposed a mixed integer linear programming model with the objective of minimizing the total operational costs of the micro-grid. Different scenarios include the satisfaction of the cooling demands of the micro-grid as well as the opportuneness to include a heat storage. The influence of the main design and cost parameters on the operation of the micro-grid has been assessed by adopting the statistical tool ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance). The model and the experimental application of the ANOVA have been applied to a micro-grid serving a hospital located in the South of Italy.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility for Recycling of Waste Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idiano D’Adamo ◽  
Michela Miliacca ◽  
Paolo Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Global Power ◽  
The Usa

Cumulative photovoltaic (PV) power installed in 2016 was equal to 305 GW. Five countries (China, Japan, Germany, the USA, and Italy) shared about 70% of the global power. End-of-life (EoL) management of waste PV modules requires alternative strategies than landfill, and recycling is a valid option. Technological solutions are already available in the market and environmental benefits are highlighted by the literature, while economic advantages are not well defined. The aim of this paper is investigating the financial feasibility of crystalline silicon (Si) PV module-recycling processes. Two well-known indicators are proposed for a reference 2000 tons plant: net present value (NPV) and discounted payback period (DPBT). NPV/size is equal to −0.84 €/kg in a baseline scenario. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis is conducted, in order to improve the solidity of the obtained results. NPV/size varies from −1.19 €/kg to −0.50 €/kg. The absence of valuable materials plays a key role, and process costs are the main critical variables.

Emissions Control From IC Engines Using Advanced Combustion Chamber Design

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Ashwani K. Gupta ◽  
Eugene L. Keating ◽  
Andrew A. Pouring
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Geometry Design ◽  
Pollutants Emission

Abstract Numerical simulation of flow, combustion phenomena and pollutants emission characteristics have been obtained on an homogeneous-charged internal combustion engine having conventional flat piston and five other bowl-in-piston geometries. The code employed here uses the time marching procedure and solves the governing partial differential equations of multi-component chemically reactive flow by finite difference method. The transient solution is marched out in a sequence of time steps. The results show that the piston geometry affects the local flame properties which subsequently influences the pollutants emission level. The numerical results provide a cost effective means of developing advanced internal combustion engine chamber geometry design that provides high efficiency and low pollution. It is expected that increased computational tools will be used in the future for enhancing our understanding of the detailed combustion process in internal combustion engines and all other energy conversion systems. Such detailed information is critical for the development of advanced methods for energy conservation and environmental pollution control.

Enginuity’s Combined Heat and Power (CHP) System Part 1: Fundamental Design & Performance Evaluation of Residential Engine System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehar Bade ◽  
Vince Meyers ◽  
Eric Suits ◽  
Anthony F. Mannarino ◽  
Jayaram Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Chp System ◽  
Cooling And Lubrication ◽  
Fundamental Design

Abstract The development of highly compact and energy-efficient systems is critical for world energy security and technology leadership. Due to the abundance of natural gas, the natural gas fueled distributed energy systems that lower the energy consumption and utility costs would be ideal in the U.S. as well as worldwide markets. To meet these objectives, researchers from Enginuity Power Systems (EPS) are currently working on the development of an ultra-efficient Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system for residential and commercial applications. These CHP systems generate electricity at the point of use while also meeting the space and water heating demands. Furthermore, a single CHP system replaces the conventional electricity generator, space, and water heating systems in residential and commercial applications. The main technical objective of this research article is the demonstration of the fundamental design and performance characteristics of an EPS’s 6 kW–10 kW CHP system intended for residential applications. The proposed residential system utilized a mirror-balanced, patented, inwardly opposed piston, four-stroke internal combustion engine as a prime mover. This novel four-stroke opposed piston design resolved the scavenging, cooling, and lubrication issues faced by the conventional opposed designs in the market while also maintaining the power density, balancing, and performance benefits. Initially, a series of experiments were conducted on the proposed system for different speeds and throttle openings. Later, the combustion, performance, and quantified energy loss pathways were presented at Wide Open Throttle (WOT) conditions to demonstrate the performance benefits of the proposed system. Finally, a performance-oriented framework was developed for the proposed CHP system for future efforts.

Design and Feasibility Study of Biomass-Driven Combined Heat and Power Systems for Rural Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Philippe Schicker ◽  
Dustin Spayde ◽  
Heejin Cho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Fuel Source

Abstract Meeting energy demands at crucial times can often be jeopardized by an unreliable power supply from the grid. Local, on-site power generation, such as combined heat and power (CHP) systems, may safeguard against grid fluctuations and outages. CHP systems can provide a more reliable and resilient energy supply to buildings and communities while it can also provide energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable solutions compared to centralized power systems. With a recent increased focus on biomass as an alternative fuel source, biomass-driven CHP systems have been recognized as a potential technology to bring increased efficiency of fuel utilization and environmentally sustainable solutions. Biomass as an energy source is already created through agricultural and forestry by-products and may thus be efficient and convenient to be transported to remote rural communities. This paper presents a design and feasibility analysis of biomass-driven CHP systems for rural communities. The viability of wood pellets as a suitable fuel source is explored by comparing it to a conventional grid-connected system. To measure viability, three performance parameters – operational cost (OC), primary energy consumption (PEC), and carbon dioxide emission (CDE) – are considered in the analysis. The results demonstrate that under the right conditions wood pellet-fueled CHP systems create economic and environmental advantages over traditional systems. The main factors in increasing the viability of bCHP systems are the appropriate sizing and operational strategies of the system and the purchase price of biomass with respect to the price of traditional fuels.

Techno-Economic Analysis of Micro-Grid Based Photovoltaic/Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System for Rural Electrification in Kerkennah, Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Dardour ◽  
Olfa Chouaieb ◽  
Habib Sammouda
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper scrutinizes the techno-economic feasibility of a solar hybrid off-grid power system, in a rural area in Tunisia. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (homer) is used for the design and the optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/diesel power system consisting of photovoltaic panels, a diesel generator, a converter, and a battery bank. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of the key system parameters such as the average load, the diesel fuel price, and the reliability constraints on the system outputs and performance. Sensitivity analysis is also used to compare different system configurations and to identify thresholds and situations in which one configuration is more cost-effective than another. Three system types are considered: PV/battery, PV/diesel/battery, and diesel/battery. The results showed that beyond a certain load threshold, the hybrid system is the most cost-effective and that micro-grid projects based on hybrid PV/Diesel power systems can be a solution for rural electrification in Tunisia where there is no possibilities for the national electric grid extension.

A Novel Gas Turbine Product Line for Onsite Generation and Combined Heat and Power Between 400 kWe and 1.6 MWe

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Touchton ◽  
Alexandr Belokon ◽  
Mikhail Senkevych ◽  
V. Belyaev
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

In theory gas turbines have inherent advantages for on-site power generation and combined heat and power production in the size range from 50 kWe to 5 MWe. These include low maintenance costs, low vibration, low emissions impact, and ease of remote operation. They also have the potential for high efficiency and low capital costs. In practice they have failed to seriously challenge reciprocating engines dominant market position, despite many recent attempts by established corporations and innovative start-ups. The authors analyze the reasons for this, and discuss the performance goals that gas turbines (or any other new product) must meet in order to challenge and displace the incumbent technology. They then describe a novel gas turbine product line designed specifically to meet this specification in the size range from 400 kW to 1.6 MW. The design is a “clean sheet” of paper approach uniquely fusing industrial gas turbine and aero engine technologies and practices. Fully commercial, cost effective components and technology are applied throughout. The result is a family of machines, which have efficiencies, capital costs, emissions impact, and operating characteristics that make them directly competitive with reciprocating engines across the board. The authors base the features and operating characteristics of the machines on thermodynamic analysis, and component, and system designs prepared by Salut [Appendix A].

scholarly journals Preliminary Realization of an Electric-Powered Hydraulic Pump System for a Waste Compactor Truck and a Techno-Economic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3033
Author(s):  
Michele De Santis ◽  
Luca Silvestri ◽  
Antonio Forcina ◽  
Gianpaolo Di Bona ◽  
Anna Rita Di Fazio
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Hydraulic Pump ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Pump System

Most industrial trucks are equipped with hydraulic systems designed for specific operations, for which the required power is supplied by the internal combustion engine (ICE). The largest share of the power consumption is required by the hydraulic system during idling operations, and, consequently, the current literature focuses on energy saving strategies for the hydraulic system rather than making the vehicle traction more efficient. This study presents the preliminary realization of an electric-powered hydraulic pump system (e-HPS) that drives the lifting of the dumpster and the garbage compaction in a waste compactor truck, rather than traditional ICE-driven hydraulic pump systems (ICE-HPSs). The different components of the e-HPS are described and the battery pack was modelled using the kinetic battery model. The end-of-life of the battery pack was determined to assess the economic feasibility of the proposed e-HPS for the truck lifespan, using numerical simulations. The aim was twofold: to provide an implementation method to retrofit the e-HPS to a conventional waste compactor truck and to assess its economic feasibility, investigating fuel savings during the use phase and the consequent reduction of CO2 emissions. Results show that the total lifespan cost saving achieved a value of 65,000 €. Furthermore, total CO2 emissions for the e-HPS were about 80% lower than those of the ICE-HPS, highlighting that the e-HPS can provide significant environmental benefits in an urban context.

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