Techno-Economic Analysis of Micro-Grid Based Photovoltaic/Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System for Rural Electrification in Kerkennah, Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Dardour ◽  
Olfa Chouaieb ◽  
Habib Sammouda
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Rural Electrification ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper scrutinizes the techno-economic feasibility of a solar hybrid off-grid power system, in a rural area in Tunisia. Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (homer) is used for the design and the optimization of a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/diesel power system consisting of photovoltaic panels, a diesel generator, a converter, and a battery bank. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the impact of the key system parameters such as the average load, the diesel fuel price, and the reliability constraints on the system outputs and performance. Sensitivity analysis is also used to compare different system configurations and to identify thresholds and situations in which one configuration is more cost-effective than another. Three system types are considered: PV/battery, PV/diesel/battery, and diesel/battery. The results showed that beyond a certain load threshold, the hybrid system is the most cost-effective and that micro-grid projects based on hybrid PV/Diesel power systems can be a solution for rural electrification in Tunisia where there is no possibilities for the national electric grid extension.

scholarly journals Impact of the Reduction of Diesel Fuel Subsidy in the Design of an Off-Grid Hybrid Power System: A Case Study of the Bellavista Community in Ecuador

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1730
Author(s):  
Ruben Hidalgo-Leon ◽  
Fernando Amoroso ◽  
Jaqueline Litardo ◽  
Javier Urquizo ◽  
Miguel Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Hybrid Power System ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a technical, economic, and environmental analysis and optimization of the impact of the reduction of diesel fuel subsidy in the design of an off-grid hybrid power system (OHPS). The OHPS includes a diesel generator, battery energy storage system (BESS), and a solar power system (SPS). This impact will focus on the electricity production levels of each of the OHPS components according to the increase of the fuel price and the SPS size. The Bellavista community in Ecuador was selected as the case study for this work. In this South American country, the government has begun a gradual increase in the diesel fuel price until it reaches international prices. Fifteen scenarios of OHPSs were simulated, in Homer Pro software, considering three SPS sizes and varying the diesel fuel price in five values. The annual load profile for the simulations was built based on the information of a previous study in this community. The results showed that for lower fuel prices (USD$0.26/L and USD$0.35/L), the OHPSs worked mostly with their diesel generators with reduced use of their BESSs. However, there was a higher penetration of the power delivered from the SPSs and BESSs, with higher fuel prices (USD$0.44/L, USD$0.53/L, and USD$0.62/L). These OHPSs considerably reduced their CO2 emissions compared with the standalone diesel generator scenario.

scholarly journals Addition of Flucytosine to Fluconazole for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in Africa: A Multicountry Cost-effectiveness Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinevimbo Shiri ◽  
Angela Loyse ◽  
Lawrence Mwenge ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Shabir Lakhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Costing Analysis ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Mortality from cryptococcal meningitis remains very high in Africa. In the Advancing Cryptococcal Meningitis Treatment for Africa (ACTA) trial, 2 weeks of fluconazole (FLU) plus flucytosine (5FC) was as effective and less costly than 2 weeks of amphotericin-based regimens. However, many African settings treat with FLU monotherapy, and the cost-effectiveness of adding 5FC to FLU is uncertain. Methods The effectiveness and costs of FLU+5FC were taken from ACTA, which included a costing analysis at the Zambian site. The effectiveness of FLU was derived from cohorts of consecutively enrolled patients, managed in respects other than drug therapy, as were participants in ACTA. FLU costs were derived from costs of FLU+5FC in ACTA, by subtracting 5FC drug and monitoring costs. The cost-effectiveness of FLU+5FC vs FLU alone was measured as the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). A probabilistic sensitivity analysis assessed uncertainties and a bivariate deterministic sensitivity analysis examined the impact of varying mortality and 5FC drug costs on the ICER. Results The mean costs per patient were US $847 (95% confidence interval [CI] $776–927) for FLU+5FC, and US $628 (95% CI $557–709) for FLU. The 10-week mortality rate was 35.1% (95% CI 28.9–41.7%) with FLU+5FC and 53.8% (95% CI 43.1–64.1%) with FLU. At the current 5FC price of US $1.30 per 500 mg tablet, the ICER of 5FC+FLU versus FLU alone was US $65 (95% CI $28–208) per life-year saved. Reducing the 5FC cost to between US $0.80 and US $0.40 per 500 mg resulted in an ICER between US $44 and US $28 per life-year saved. Conclusions The addition of 5FC to FLU is cost-effective for cryptococcal meningitis treatment in Africa and, if made available widely, could substantially reduce mortality rates among human immunodeficiency virus–infected persons in Africa.

scholarly journals Design parameters influencing the operation of a CHP plant within a micro-grid: application of the ANOVA test

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Alberto Fichera ◽  
Arturo Pagano ◽  
Rosaria Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Cost Parameters

Combined heat and power systems are widely recognized as a cost-effective solution for the achievement of sustainable and energy efficiency goals. During the last decade, cogeneration systems have been extensively studied from both the technological and operational viewpoints. However, the operation of a cogeneration system is a topic still worth of investigation. In fact, along with the determination of the optimal configurations of the combined heat and power systems, it is likewise fundamental to increase the awareness on the design and cost parameters affecting the operation of cogeneration systems, especially if considering the micro-grid in which they are inserted. In this direction, this paper proposed a mixed integer linear programming model with the objective of minimizing the total operational costs of the micro-grid. Different scenarios include the satisfaction of the cooling demands of the micro-grid as well as the opportuneness to include a heat storage. The influence of the main design and cost parameters on the operation of the micro-grid has been assessed by adopting the statistical tool ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance). The model and the experimental application of the ANOVA have been applied to a micro-grid serving a hospital located in the South of Italy.

scholarly journals Determination of reliability of power supply of ship's responsible power receivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
С.Е. Кузнецов ◽  
Н.А. Алексеев ◽  
А.А. Виноградов
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Reliability Indicators ◽  
Supply Reliability

Изложена методика расчета показателей безотказности электроснабжения (вероятности безотказного электроснабжения и средней наработки до отказа) ответственных приемников морского судна, подключаемых к аварийному электрораспределительному щиту. Методика реализована применительно к судовой электроэнергетической системе с тремя источниками электроэнергии – двумя основными дизель-генераторными агрегатами, подключенными к главному электрораспределительному щиту, и одним аварийным дизель-генераторным агрегатом, подключенным к аварийному электрораспределительному щиту. Рассмотрены различные режимы работы судовой электроэнергетической системы: при работе до первого отказа одного основного дизель-генератора, при параллельной работе двух основных дизель-генераторов, при работе одного аварийного дизель-генератора; а также после обесточивания с учетом возможности последующего включения резервного или (и) аварийного дизель генератора. Методика, с соответствующими корректировками, может быть использована для расчета показателей безотказного электроснабжения в судовых электроэнергетических системах другой комплектации. Расчет показателей безотказности электроснабжения необходим при проектировании для обеспечения требуемого уровня надежности электроснабжения судовых приемников электроэнергии, а при эксплуатации – для предупреждения отказов и планирования технического обслуживания и ремонта элементов судовых электроэнергетических систем. The methodology for calculating the indicators of the reliability of power supply (the probability of failure-free power supply and the mean time to failure) of critical receivers of a sea vessel connected to the emergency electrical switchboard is presented. The technique is implemented in relation to a ship power system with three sources of electricity - two main diesel generator sets connected to the main electrical switchboard, and one emergency diesel generator set connected to an emergency electrical switchboard. Various operating modes of the ship's electric power system are considered: during operation until the first failure of one main diesel generator, during parallel operation of two main diesel generators, during operation of one emergency diesel generator; as well as after de-energizing, taking into account the possibility of subsequent switching on of the backup and / or emergency diesel generator. The technique, with appropriate adjustments, can be used to calculate indicators of reliable power supply in ship power systems of a different configuration. Calculation of power supply reliability indicators is necessary during design to ensure the required level of power supply reliability for ship power receivers, and during operation - to prevent failures and plan maintenance and repair of elements of ship power systems.

Parametric Modeling and Optimal Control of a Combined Heating and Power System With Energy Storage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lucia De Pascalis ◽  
Stephanie Stockar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parametric Modeling ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Generation Cost

Abstract Cogeneration is a well-known and cost effective solution for generating power and heat within the same plant, leading to improved overall efficiency and reduced generation cost. Combined heating and power systems can facilitate the penetration of renewable energy sources in medium size applications through the integration of electric and thermal energy storage units. Due to the complexity of the plant as well as significantly variability in power demand and generation, the design and operation of such systems requires a systematic co-optimization of plant and controller for guaranteeing near optimal performance. In this scenario, this paper presents a physics-based parametric modeling approach for the characterization of the main components of a 1MW combined heating and power system that includes renewable sources, electric and thermal storage devices. To demonstrate the model flexibility and potential benefits achieved by an optimal sizing, the system energy management is optimized using Dynamic Programming. The operational costs for different configurations are compared showing that an optimization of the energy management strategy in conjunction with an improved system sizing lead to more than 6% of reduction in the operational cost.

scholarly journals Distributed Control of Clustered Populations of Thermostatic Loads in Multi-Area Systems: A Mean Field Game Approach

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6483
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Trovato ◽  
Antonio De Paola ◽  
Goran Strbac
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Mean Field Game ◽  
Flexible Resources ◽  
Mean Field Equations ◽  
The Impact

Thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) can effectively support network operation through their intrinsic flexibility and play a pivotal role in delivering cost effective decarbonization. This paper proposes a scalable distributed solution for the operation of large populations of TCLs providing frequency response and performing energy arbitrage. Each TCL is described as a price-responsive rational agent that participates in an integrated energy/frequency response market and schedules its operation in order to minimize its energy costs and maximize the revenues from frequency response provision. A mean field game formulation is used to implement a compact description of the interactions between typical power system characteristics and TCLs flexibility properties. In order to accommodate the heterogeneity of the thermostatic loads into the mean field equations, the whole population of TCLs is clustered into smaller subsets of devices with similar properties, using k-means clustering techniques. This framework is applied to a multi-area power system to study the impact of network congestions and of spatial variation of flexible resources in grids with large penetration of renewable generation sources. Numerical simulations on relevant case studies allow to explicitly quantify the effect of these factors on the value of TCLs flexibility and on the overall efficiency of the power system.

scholarly journals Operational Planning and Bidding for District Heating Systems with Uncertain Renewable Energy Production

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Blanco ◽  
Daniela Guericke ◽  
Anders Andersen ◽  
Henrik Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Operational Planning ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
The Impact

In countries with an extended use of district heating (DH), the integrated operation of DH and power systems can increase the flexibility of the power system, achieving a higher integration of renewable energy sources (RES). DH operators can not only provide flexibility to the power system by acting on the electricity market, but also profit from the situation to lower the overall system cost. However, the operational planning and bidding includes several uncertain components at the time of planning: electricity prices as well as heat and power production from RES. In this publication, we propose a planning method based on stochastic programming that supports DH operators by scheduling the production and creating bids for the day-ahead and balancing electricity markets. We apply our solution approach to a real case study in Denmark and perform an extensive analysis of the production and trading behavior of the DH system. The analysis provides insights on system costs, how DH system can provide regulating power, and the impact of RES on the planning.

scholarly journals Cost–utility of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir versus other direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b infection in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e035224
Author(s):  
Haoya Yun ◽  
Guoqiang Zhao ◽  
Xiaojie Sun ◽  
Lizheng Shi
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Lifetime Horizon ◽  
System Perspective ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the cost–utility of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) compared with other direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in Chinese patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV).DesignA Markov model was developed to estimate the disease progression of patients with HCV over a lifetime horizon from the healthcare system perspective. Efficacy, clinical inputs and utilities were derived from the published literature. Drug costs were from the market price survey, and health costs for Markov health states were sourced from a Chinese study. Costs and utilities were discounted at an annual rate of 5%. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the impact of input parameters on the results.InterventionsSOF/VEL was compared with sofosbuvir+ribavirin (SR), sofosbuvir+dasabuvir (SD), daclatasvir+asunaprevir (DCV/ASV), ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir+dasabuvir (3D) and elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR).Primary and secondary outcomesCosts, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost–utility ratios (ICURs).ResultsSOF/VEL was economically dominant over SR and SD. However, 3D was economically dominant compared with SOF/VEL. Compared with DCV/ASV, SOF/VEL was cost-effective with the ICUR of US$1522 per QALY. Compared with EBR/GZR, it was not cost-effective with the ICUR of US$369 627 per QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that reducing the cost of SOF/VEL to the lower value of CI resulted in dominance over EBR/GZR and 3D. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that 3D was cost-effective in 100% of iterations in patients with genotype (GT) 1b and SOF/VEL was not cost-effective.ConclusionsCompared with other oral DAA agents, SOF/VEL treatment was not the most cost-effectiveness option for patients with chronic HCV GT1b in China. Lower the price of SOF/VEL will make it cost-effective while simplifying treatment and achieving the goal of HCV elimination.

SECONDARY POWER SYSTEM EVALUATIONS FOR ADVANCED AIRCRAFT

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1B) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
R. Lykins ◽  
M. Ramalingam ◽  
B. Donovan ◽  
E. Durkin ◽  
J. Beam
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Shaft Power ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engine Cycle

A computerized analytical program is being developed to help investigate the impact of power system requirements on aircraft performance. The program has an user interface that operates in MS-EXCEL, linking several subsystems analysis programs for execution and data transfer in the power systems analysis. The program presently includes an encoded propulsion engine cycle code, which allows the inspection of power extraction effects on engine performance. To validate the results of the encoded engine program, a study was conducted to investigate the separate effects of shaft power extraction and pneumatic bleed. The selected engine cycle was that for a standard tactical fighter, with a flight condition of varied altitude (sea level to 40,000 ft) and constant Mach Number (0.9). As expected the resultant data showed that the engine performance was more sensitive to pneumatic bleed than to shaft power extraction. The paper’s efficiency comparisons between shaft power and bleed air power helps indicate the higher efficiency for the power system of a more-electric type aircraft. Present efforts on the analytical interface are to incorporate a fuel thermal management analysis capability.

scholarly journals Exploiting Coarse-Grained Parallelism Using Cloud Computing in Massive Power Flow Computation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hee Yoon ◽  
Sang-Kyun Kang ◽  
Minseong Kim ◽  
Youngsun Han
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Flow Computation ◽  
Cloud Computing System ◽  
The Impact

We present a novel architecture of parallel contingency analysis that accelerates massive power flow computation using cloud computing. It leverages cloud computing to investigate huge power systems of various and potential contingencies. Contingency analysis is undertaken to assess the impact of failure of power system components; thus, extensive contingency analysis is required to ensure that power systems operate safely and reliably. Since many calculations are required to analyze possible contingencies under various conditions, the computation time of contingency analysis increases tremendously if either the power system is large or cascading outage analysis is needed. We also introduce a task management optimization to minimize load imbalances between computing resources while reducing communication and synchronization overheads. Our experiment shows that the proposed architecture exhibits a performance improvement of up to 35.32× on 256 cores in the contingency analysis of a real power system, i.e., KEPCO2015 (the Korean power system), by using a cloud computing system. According to our analysis of the task execution behaviors, we confirmed that the performance can be enhanced further by employing additional computing resources.

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