scholarly journals NaCl Effects on In Vitro Germination and Growth of Some Senegalese Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahamadou Thiam ◽  
Antony Champion ◽  
Diaga Diouf ◽  
Mame Ourèye SY
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars ◽  
Protein Rich

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the most important grain legumes in sub-Saharian regions. It contributes to man food security by providing a protein-rich diet. However, its production is limited by abiotic stresses such as salinity. This study aims to evaluate the salt tolerance of 15 cowpea cultivars, at germination stage. The seed germination process consisted of sowing them in agarified water (8 g·L−1) supplemented with 6 different concentrations of NaCl (0, 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM). Results highlighted that high salt concentrations drastically reduced germination and significantly delayed the process for all varieties. A cowpea varietal effect towards the salt tolerance was noticed. Genotypes Diongoma, 58-78, and 58-191 were more salt-tolerant cultivars while Mougne and Yacine were more salt-sensitive ones as confirmed in the three groups of the dendrogram. NaCl effects on the early vegetative growth of seedlings were assessed with a tolerant (58-191) and a susceptible (Yacine) cultivar. Morphological (length and dry biomass) and physiological (chlorophyll and proline contents) parameter measurements revealed a negative effect of high (NaCl). However, 58-191 was much more salt tolerant, and the chlorophyll and proline contents were higher than those of Yacine genotype at increasing salt concentrations.

scholarly journals Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salt Stress during In Vitro Germination

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Salt Selection ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Many golf courses and turfgrass managers use recycled water, which contains high salts, as part or a sole irrigation source to lower costs and comply with governmental restrictions on water use. High salinity negatively affects turfgrass performance. Using salt-tolerant species or cultivars is one the most effective methods to address salinity problems. Twenty-six commercially available creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) cultivars were evaluated for salt tolerance during in vitro germination on 1% agar media supplemented with NaCl at 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 g·L−1 at 25/15 °C (day/night) under fluorescent light (36 μmol·s−1·m−2) with an 8- to16-h photoperiod. Significant variations in salinity tolerance were observed among the cultivars. Final germination rate (FGR, %) and daily germination rate (DGR, %/d) decreased linearly or quadratically as salinity levels increased. ‘Declaration’, ‘Seaside II’, ‘T-1’, and ‘Bengal’ were the most salt-tolerant, requiring salt levels at or greater than 16.0 and 10.0 g·L−1, respectively, to reduce FGR and DGR by 50%. In contrast, ‘Tyee’, ‘Kingpin’, and ‘SR1150’ required average salinity levels of 11.6 and 6.5 g·L−1 to cause 50% reduction in FGR and DGR, respectively, showing that they were the least salt-tolerant cultivars. The largest difference between FGR (1.9%) and DGR (26.2%) reduction under saline conditions was observed at 5 g·L−1, indicating that DGR was more sensitive to salinity changes than FGR. Therefore, DGR might be a more reliable method to be used for salt selection.

scholarly journals Salinity Effects on Bentgrass Germination

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. McCarty ◽  
A.E. Dudeck
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salinity Effects ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Duplicate studies were conducted to determine salt tolerance during germination of eight bentgrass (Agrostis spp.) cultivars commonly used for overseeding warm-season turf species, such as bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) putting surfaces. Bentgrass seeds were germinated on agar salinized with 0, 4000, 8000, 12,000, or 16,000 mg·liter-1, with the highest rate approaching one-half seawater salinity. Total germination decreased linearly or quadratically for specific cultivars as salinity increased. Time necessary to reach 50% germination across all salt concentrations was shortest for `Highland' colonial (Agrostis tenuis Sibth) and `Seaside' creeping (A. palustris Huds.) bentgrass (≈3.7 days); intermediate for `Kingstown' velvet (A. canina L.) and `Streaker' red top (A. alba L.) bentgrass (≈4.5 days); and longest for `Penneagle' creeping, `Penncross' creeping, `Exeter' colonial, and `Pennlinks' creeping bentgrass (≈5.3 days). Salt concentrations necessary to reduce germination to 90%, 75%, and 50% indicated that `Streaker' red top and `Seaside' creeping bentgrass were the most salt-tolerant cultivars. `Kingstown' velvet, `Exeter' colonial, and `Highland' colonial bentgrass were intermediate, while `Pennlinks', `Penncross', and `Penneagle' creeping bentgrass were the most salt-sensitive cultivars.

Influence of NaCl Salinity on the Behaviour of Protease, Aminopeptidase and Carboxypeptidase in Rice Seedlings in Relation to Salt Tolerance

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Dubey ◽  
M Rani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Activities of the enzymes protease, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase were determined in seedlings of rice cultivars with different salt tolerances raised under increasing levels of NaCl salinity. Salinity caused a marked increase in protease activity in roots as well as shoots, though activity was higher in roots than in shoots. Salt-tolerant cultivars possessed higher levels of protease activity in control as well as salt-stressed seedlings compared with salt-susceptible cultivars. During a growth period of 5-20 days, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity increased up to days 10-15 and decreased thereafter. Salt treatment caused a sharp increase in LAP activity in roots of both sets of cultivars. The increase was larger in tolerant than in susceptible cultivars. In shoots, unlike roots, higher salinity suppressed LAP activity, and suppression was more marked in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones. Carboxypeptidase activity was higher in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones under both control as well as salt treatments. Roots maintained higher levels of carboxypeptidase activity than shoots. Results suggest an increased rate of proteolysis in salt-stressed rice seedlings and an association of salt-tolerance ability with higher protease and aminopeptidase activities and lower carboxypeptidase activity under salinisation.

scholarly journals A Simple and Cost-effective Approach for Salt Tolerance Evaluation in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 1280-1287
Author(s):  
Waltram Ravelombola ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Yuejin Weng ◽  
Beiquan Mou ◽  
Ainong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Injury

Little has been done with respect to breeding for salt-tolerant cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars despite of salt stress being a growing threat to cowpea production. Seedling stage is one the most susceptible stages to salt stress in cowpea. Establishing a streamlined methodology for rapidly screening a large number of genotypes will significantly contribute toward enhancing cowpea breeding for salt tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish and validate a simple approach for salt tolerance evaluation in cowpea seedlings. A total of 30 genotypes including two controls (PI582468, a salt-tolerant genotype, and PI255774, a salt-sensitive genotype) were greenhouse-grown under 0 mm and 200 mm NaCl. A total of 14 above-ground traits were evaluated. Results revealed: (1) significant differences were observed in average number of dead plants per pot, leaf injury scores, relative salt tolerance (RST) for chlorophyll, plant height, and leaf and stem biomass among the 30 genotypes; (2) all PI255774 plants were completely dead, whereas those of PI582438 were fully green after 2 weeks of salt stress, which validated this methodology; (3) RST for chlorophyll content was highly correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores; (4) RST for leaf biomass was moderately correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores; and (5) RST in plant height was poorly correlated with number of dead plants and leaf injury scores Therefore, less number of dead plants per pot, high chlorophyll content, and less leaf injury scores were good criteria for salt tolerance evaluation in cowpea. This study provided a simple methodology and suggested straightforward criteria to evaluate salt tolerance at seedling stage in cowpea.

scholarly journals Genotypic Response of Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) to In Vitro Regeneration from Cotyledon Explants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 604d-604
Author(s):  
Mohanjeet S. Brar ◽  
Jameel M. Al-Khayri ◽  
Teddy E. Morelock ◽  
Edwin J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important grain legume, which in developing countries provides much of the protein in human diets. A plant regeneration system for cowpea was developed. Cotyledons were initiated on MS medium containing 15 to 35 mg·L-1 benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 5 to 15 days. For shoot regeneration, the explants were transferred to a medium containing 1 mg·L-1 BAP. Regeneration percentage (1% to 11%) and the number of shoots (4 to 12 shoots per explant) were significantly influenced by genotype. The duration of culturing and BAP concentration in the initiation stage significantly affected the regeneration capacity. Explants initiated on 15 mg·L-1 BAP for 5 days resulted in the highest regeneration percentage. Conversely, the highest number of shoots was obtained from explants initiated on 35 mg·L-1 BAP. This is the first report of plant regeneration of U.S. cowpea cultivars.

Salt tolerance of cowpea genotypes in the emergence stage

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Murillo-Amador ◽  
E. Troyo-Diéguez ◽  
A. López-Cortés ◽  
H. G. Jones ◽  
F. Ayala-Chairez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Salinity Effects ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class B ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Germination Stage

The effect of NaCl salinity (0, 85 and 170 mmol/L) during emergence of 25 genotypes of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was studied under growth chamber conditions. Seed emergence percentage and rate, root:shoot ratio, and biomass per plant were affected by genotype, salinity and genotype salinity interaction; this interaction showed that salinity effects differed among genotypes. The criterion used to classify genotypes with respect to their salt tolerance was based on their germination percentages in both 85 and 170 mmol NaCl/L. One genotype was grouped into class ‘A’ (CB27) which had the highest salt tolerance at emergence, and was classified as salt tolerant. Another group consisting of Paceño, CB88, CB3, CB5, Tardón, Cuarenteño and CB46 was placed into class ‘B’; these genotypes showed total emergence percentages up to 75% in both 85 and 170 mmol NaCl/L. A third group of genotypes was placed into class ‘C’ which had the lowest emergence percentages in both 85 and 170 mmol NaCl/L. It was confirmed that salinity treatments affect the emergence of cowpea, delaying both emergence percentage and rate. We conclude that selection and classification for salt tolerance in cowpea genotypes can be successfully undertaken at early seedling stages, because the same genotypes were classified similarly during the germination stage in previous research.

scholarly journals Micropropagation and Attempts to Develop RAPD Molecular Markers for Salt Tolerant Cultivars of Pearl Millet

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
T.V. Rajya Lakshmi ◽  
Mohammed Naji ◽  
Bilal Abdul-ma'abood ◽  
Mahmoud Al Ghazali ◽  
M. Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Pcr Markers ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars ◽  
Unique Band

Differences were observed among four salt tolerant cultivars of pearl millet to in vitro culture media. Among the four cultivars, Cv IP 6098 is the most salt sensitive had maximum number of multiple shoots (15)/ seed, and the more salt tolerant cvs IP 6106 and IP 22269 developed 3-6 shoots/seed while cv IP 19612 the seeds remained single shooted in MS+3.0mg/L media up to 7 months. The multiple shoots 20% of cv IP 6098, flowered in 5 months with the reduction in hormone concentration (MS+1.0 mg/L BAP) whereas, the other three cultivars did not flower under the tested conditions. The present study was carried to detect genetic differences among the four cultivars of pearl millet at molecular level through RAPD PCR markers. RAPD analysis was carried with 12 primers, each 10-mer, only 7 primers were amplified showed polymorphism for the four cultivars. Primer OPM 16 revealed a single unique band of approx. 485bp in the genotype IP 22269 and three polymorphic bands in the genotype IP 6106. The results were repeatable, and further studies in this direction may enable to link the single band in the genotype IP 22269 to a morphological trait or physiological condition like salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Response of Lettuce Germplasm to Salt Stress at Different Developmental Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavli OI ◽  
◽  
Kempapidis K ◽  
Maggioros L ◽  
Foti C ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level

Salinity is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses leading to considerable yield and economic losses worldwide. Lettuce is a relatively salt sensitive species, thus placing the interest in the release of salt-tolerant cultivars to enhance production in saline soils. This study aimed at investigating the response of lettuce germplasm to salt stress at the germination and at the whole plant level and to examine possibilities of early selection for salt tolerant genotypes. Fifteen lettuce commercial varieties were initially screened for salt tolerance on the basis of seed germination and seedling growth potential under salt stress conditions (0, 50, 100, 150 mM NaCl). The in vitro evaluation revealed the existence of considerable genetic variation related to salt tolerance at germination and allowed for the classification of genotypes into tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive to salt stress. Based on this classification, six cultivars were assessed at the whole plant level using plant height, chlorophyll content and fresh and dry biomass weight as evaluation criteria. Overall findings point to the existence of a satisfactory association of genotype performance between germination and later growth stages, thus suggesting the feasibility of screening for salt tolerance at early growth stages. This approach may considerably upgrade the efficiency of selecting suitable germplasm material for cultivation in saline soils or introgression into relevant breeding programs.

scholarly journals Evaluation De Quatre Cultivars De Niebe (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Pour Leur Resistance Au Deficit Hydrique Et A L’adventice Parasite, Striga Gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke Au Togo

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Yorikoume Kondi ◽  
Aziadekey Mawuli ◽  
Banito Agnassim ◽  
Pocanam Yentchabre ◽  
Tozo Koffi
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Striga Gesnerioides ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Sub Saharan

Drought and weed parasite Striga gesnerioides(Willd.)Vatke, are major constraints to cowpea production in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of four cowpea (Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.)cultivars, VITOCO, VITA5, IT87D-10-10, and IT98K589-2 to water deficit, to a weed parasite S. gesnerioides and to determine the effect of this weed parasite on these cowpea cultivars under water deficit conditions. Pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse condition under artificial infestation at the Agronomic Experimentation Station of Lomé. The experimental design was a split-split-plot design with three replications of two levels of S. gesnerioides;(presence and absence) in main plot, four water regimes; (periodic watering of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days) in sub-plot, and the cultivars in sub sub-plot. Data were collected on yield components (number of seed per pod, number of pod per plant and seeds weight per plant). Data collected on parasitic plantdate of emergence and its rate of emergence per pot. Water deficit tolerance was evaluated by the rank summation index (RSI).The results showed that the water régimes of 10 and 15 days had significant depressive effect on all yield components. The number of S. gesnerioides emerged per pot ranged from 10.20 (VITOCO) to 48.60 (IT98K589-2). In addition, the infestation of S. gesnerioides showed a significant reduction of all yield components evaluated in all tested cultivars. Therefore, no cultivar proved to be resistant, nor tolerant to S. gesnerioides.The overall rankings of the evaluated cultivars in terms of growth and yield parameters studied revealed that the cultivar IT98K-589-2 showed the best adaptive response in drought condition. The results also revealed that, the significant negative effect of water deficit on the seeds weight per plant is exacerbated by the S. gesnerioides infestation.

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