Respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk dengan kopi Robusta pada berbagai panjang entres dan inokulasi mikoriza

Grafting bibit kopi memiliki tujuan menghasilkan tanaman dengan karakteristik terbaik dari dua varietas kopi yang disambungkan. Kopi robusta digunakan sebagai batang bawah, karena lebih tahan terhadap kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan di lahan gambut. Upaya peningkatan ketahanan batang bawah dapat memanfaatkan mikoriza dan disambungkan dengan kopi liberika sebagai batang atas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bibit kopi Liberika unggul hasil grafting dengan kopi Robusta bermikoriza serta mendapatkan panjang entres kopi Liberika yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil sambung pucuk. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah inokulasi mikoriza (tanpa aplikasi mikoriza dan aplikasi mikoriza gabungan Glomus sp-1a dan Glomus sp-3c) dan faktor kedua berupa panjang entres (10, 15, 20 dan 25 cm). Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase keberhasilan sambungan, waktu pecah tunas, pertambahan tinggi bibit, pertambahan jumlah daun, jumlah tunas, bobot kering tunas, dan infeksi mikoriza. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta bermikoriza terbaik diperoleh pada panjang entres 15 cm, sedangkan yang disambungkan dengan Robusta tidak bermikoriza diperoleh pada panjang entres 25 cm. Pertumbuhan bibit kopi Liberika hasil grafting dengan bibit kopi Robusta terbaik pada berbagai panjang entres diperoleh pada kopi Robusta bermikoriza.” The main goal of coffee grafting is to create a crop with the best characteristic of two coffee varieties in one plant. Robusta coffee is used as the rootstock, which is more resistant to constraints and unfavorable conditions in the peatland. The effort to increase rootstock resistance is inoculated by mycorrhizae and grafted with Liberica coffee as the scion. This study aimed to obtain the best scion length in order to increase the growth of Liberica coffee with Robusta coffee as the inoculated rootstock. The experiment used factorial completely randomized design with the first factor was mycorrhizae inoculation (without inoculation and inoculation of Glomus sp-1a and Glomus sp-3c combination) and the second factor was the length of scion (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm). The variables observed were the percentage of success grafted plants, shoot break time, growth (plant height, number of leave, number of shoots, and shoot dry weight) and mycorrhizae infection. The results showed that the plant inoculated by mycorrhizae and scion lenght of 15 cm gave the best percentage of the success graft, shoot break time, and growth of scion. While, the root stock without inoculation showed the best result with the scion length 25 cm. The best growth of grafted plant was obtained in all scion length with mycorrhizae inoculation.

In vitro Propagation of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) Plant Using Shoot Tip Explant

Banana is a fruit crop which has high demand in Ethiopia, but its production is constrained by lack of disease free planting material with conventional propagation methods. For shoot initiation, shoot tip explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L BAP. Similarly, MS medium supplemented with BAP at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mg/L in combination with IBA at 0.25 and 0.50 mg/L were used for shoot multiplication. Half- strength MS medium augmented with IBA at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mg/l were used for root induction. MS medium without PGRs were used as controls. Finally, hardening of the in vitro derived plantlets was carried out in green house both in the primary and secondary acclimatization stages. Results showed that the highest shoot initiation percent (93.40%), highest mean number of shoots per explant (4.67) and lesser day for shoot induction (11.00) were observed in explant cultured on MS + 1.0 mg/L BAP. With shoot multiplication, highest shooting percent (92.60%), maximum number of shoots (7.67) and highest shoot length (5.27 cm) were recorded on MS + 1.5 mg/L BAP + 0.5 mg/L IBA. The highest rooting percent (93.40%), maximum root number per shoot (7.67) and highest root length (11.00 cm) were found on a half strength MS medium + 2.0 mg/L IBA. The survival rate of plantlets were 96.00% in coco peat substrate in primary acclimatization and 97.92% in forest soil, sand and manure substrates mixed at 3:2:1 ratio in secondary acclimatization. Overall, the result showed that the PGRs type, concentrations and combinations used are effective for mass propagation of banana variety studied in this experiment.

The effect of NAA and coconut water combination on garlic (Allium sativum L.) tissue culture

Tissue culture techniques can increase the number of garlic seedlings. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of NAA and coconut water in increasing the number of garlic seeds. This research used a Completely Randomized Design of two factors. The treatment used is NAA with concentrations of 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, and coconut water concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%. The variables observed were shoot emergence time, root emergence time, number of shoots, number of roots, number of leaves, shoot height, root length, and number of plantlets. The results showed that the addition of coconut water 20% without the addition of NAA in 1 bulb can produce 3.33 planlets and the results of explant propagation in 1 bulb can produce the number of shoots as many as 15.33 shoots. Giving coconut water with concentrations of 10% and 20% can increase the number of leaves, shoot height, and some planlets. The concentration of NAA 0.5 ppm can accelerate the root emergence time on garlic explant.

The growth and yield of several sorghum varieties in the first ratoon

At harvest, the stems of the sorghum plant are generally cut down and then it is left abandoned. Meanwhile, the remaining sorghum stems from the harvest have the potential to be regrown for the cultivation of ratoon. The advantages of ratoon cultivation are it has a relatively shorter harvest time than the main crop, requires less water, and lower production costs. The aim of this study was to test the growth and yield of five varieties of sorghum, namely Numbu, Super 1, Suri 3, Keller, and Kawali in ratoon cultivation and to test the growth and yield of sorghum with several selections of the number of shoots in ratoon cultivation. The study used a factorial - Randomized Completed Block Design with 2 treatment factors, repeated 3 times. The first treatment was sorghum varieties consisting of Numbu, Super 1, Suri 3, Keller, and Kawali. The second treatment was the number of shoots consisting of 1 shoot, 2 shoots, 3 shoots, and 4 shoots. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance with the F test at 5% level followed by Duncan’s multiple distance test. Observation variables included the height of plant, stem diameter, grain weight per clump, number of grains per clump, the weight of 1000 grains, and yield per plant. The results indicated that the highest plant in the Numbu variety, while the largest stem diameter was in the Kawali variety. The number of shoots 4 increased the grain yield per clump but decreased the plant height compared to the number of shoots that were less. The yield of grains per plot was higher on Super1 varieties as much as 604.33 g or 3.3 ton/ha, however the highest number of grains per clump was on Kawali varieties.

In vitro propagation of Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis protocorm on media containing liquid organic fertilizer as a substitute for MS media

Vanda orchids have a high economic value in the flower industry, so it is necessary to have seeds available at all times. Tissue culture technology offers an important solution to produce plants in large numbers, but it is very costly in media preparation. Hence, it is necessary to have low-cost options for the application of planting media. One way of doing this is to substitute the composition of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with alternative sources that are more affordable. Liquid organic fertilizer contains macro, micro, and good nutrients for the growth of explants. This study used explants from the protocorm of Vanda tricolor Lindl orchid. var. suavis aged three months planted on media containing liquid organic fertilizer, namely Nasa, Bio88, and Fortune. The parameters observed were the number of shoots and the number of leaves in each treatment. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test at the 5% level, and if there was an effect, it was continued with the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer gave different responses to the Vanda tricolor Lindl. var. suavis protocorm. Liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the number of shoots and number of leaves.

The Population Of Festuca Arundinaceae Sherb. The Cretaceous South Of The Middle Russian Uplands As A Starting Material For The Selection Of Grass Bearing Varieties

Collected specimens of Festuca arundinaceae Sherb. (2014-2018). Source material for breeding was obtained as a result of expeditionary studies in the Belgorod region in different ecotopes of ravine and ravine complexes, floodplains of rivers, and technogenic-disturbed lands. Tests of breeding value of selected forms were carried out in comparison with released varieties of Russian (‘Olshanka’, ‘Ivitsa’, ‘Darina’) and foreign breeding (‘Finelawn’, ‘Meandre’). It has been established that the forms selected in natural habitats had wide limits of variation in all basic selection traits - Cv varied from 11.4% for traits ‘number of shoots on 1 plant’ and ‘number of productive shoots on 1 plant’ to 65.4% for the trait ‘color of knots’. Wild populations provide opportunities for selection of such important for selection on seed productivity traits as “number of seeds in one panicle” and “weight of 1000 seeds” - Cv = 12.1 % and 16.1 % accordingly. The results indicate the possibility of using the source material available in the collection to produce new lawn varieties with high seed productivity and ornamental value.

The effect of biochar application and number of shoots on the growth of ratoon sorghum in vertisol soil

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.)) is one of the potential commodities that can be developed to support food and energy diversification programs in Indonesia. It has the advantage that one of them can be ratoon. However, the yield of ratoon is lower than that of the main crop. The research on ratoon sorghum was carried out in vertisol soil. This aims of the study to determine the interaction between biochar application and number of shoots on the growth of ratoon sorghum in vertisol soil, to obtain the right dose of biochar and to get the appropriate number of shoots to increase the yield of ratoon sorghum. The study was arranged in a factorial manner using a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). The treatment factors were biochar (without biochar, 2.5 tons/ha, 5 tons/ha and 7.5 tons/ha), and the number of shoots (1 shoot, 2 shoots, 3 shoots, and 4 shoots) at the 5% level. The results showed that there was no interaction between biochar treatment and the number of shoots on the variable of panicle sorghum, weight of fresh stover, and weight of dry stover. The results showed an interaction on the variable of plants height observation. Provides growth results that are not significantly different in the parameters of plant height, panicle length and panicle weight. Gives significantly different results on panicle length, weight of fresh stover, and weight of dry stover. The number of 1 shoots produced the highest growth for all observed variables.

The Efficient and Easy Micropropagation Protocol of Phyllanthus niruri

Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) or Dukung Anak is a herbal plant in the Phyllanthaceae family that has been used traditionally to treat various ailments such as diabetes, jaundice, flu and cough. P. niruri contains numerous medicinal benefits such as anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic properties and a remedy for hepatitis B viral infection. Due to its beneficial properties, P. niruri is overharvested and wild plants become scarce. This study was conducted to develop an appropriate in vitro culture protocol for the mass production of P. niruri. An aseptic culture of P. niruri was established followed by multiplication of explants using different types of basal medium and its strength and plant growth regulators manipulation. This study also established the induction of in vitro rooting utilizing various types and concentrations of auxin. Treatment of Clorox® with 30% concentration showed the lowest percentage (%) of contamination, 4.44% in P. niruri culture. Nodal segments of P. niruri were successfully induced in full-strength of Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media with 2.33 number of shoots, 3.11 cm length of shoot and 27.91 number of leaves. In addition, explants in full-strength MS media without any additional cytokinin were recorded as the optimum results for all parameters including the number of shoots (5.0 shoots), the length of shoots (3.68 cm) and the number of leaves (27.33 leaves). Treatment of 2.5 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed the highest number of roots (17.92 roots) and root length (1.29 cm). Rooted explants were transferred for acclimatization, and the plantlet showed over 80% of survival rate. In conclusion, plantlets of P. niruri were successfully induced and multiplied via in vitro culture, which could be a step closer to its commercialization.

In vitro propagation of six selected sugarcane mutant clones through leaf explants

Six mutant clones of sugarcane with high productivity have been produced through tissue culture techniques combined with mutations using gamma-ray irradiation and Ethyl Methane Sulfonate. The six mutant clones have been tested for stability in the field. They are proven to have high productivity and yields, so that they are very potential to be developed as superior varieties. To support the planting material sufficiency of these clones, an efficient propagation method was needed. Media formulations with different physical properties and composition of growth regulators were tested to obtain high seedling propagation rates. The media formulation for callus induction was Murashige dan Skoog (MS) + 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 3 g/l casein hydrolysate + 3% sucrose and for shoot regeneration was MS + 0,5 mg/l BA + 0,1 mg/l IBA + 100 mg/l PVP and 2% sucrose. Shoot proliferation was carried out on MS liquid (1, ½) + (0.3; 0.5 mg/l) BA + 0.1 mg/l IBA + 1 mg/l Kinetin + (0; 0.5 mg/l) GA3+ sucrose 2%. The results showed that callus induction, callus regeneration, and shoot proliferation of sugarcane mutant clones were influenced by the genotype and medium composition. The fastest callus induction was obtained from the MSP-4 clone (5.82 days), and the longest was MSB-7 (8.82 days). The largest callus diameter was obtained from MSB-6 clone on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BA, 100 mg/l PVP, and 2% sucrose. The highest number of shoots was obtained from the MSB-6 clone, while the least number of shoots conducted from the MSB-8 clone. The MSB-8 clones were more difficult to regenerate compared to the others. The best media formulation for shoot proliferation was ½ MS containing 0.5 mg/l BA, 1 mg/l Kinetin, and 0.1 mg/l IBA, while the best formulation for rooting was ½ MS.

RESPON EKSPLAN PISANG KLUTUK (Musa paradisiaca L.) TERHADAP KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK BIJI PINANG MUDA DAN AIR KELAPA MUDA SECARA IN VITRO

Nurseries play an important role in banana development. The tissue culture technique is an alternative to produce quality seeds in large quantities, uniform and produced in a short time and free of pathogens. Areca nut extract is an organic material that contains tannin and can replace bicycling used as a disinfectant in tissue culture activities. Coconut water is a food reserve that contains vitamins and growth substances, so it can stimulate germination. The purpose of the study was to examine the interaction and single response of klutuk banana explants to the concentration of areca nut extract and young coconut water in vitro. This research was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, the Islamic University of Riau with the planting material used Pisang Klutuk weevil with the method used in a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 x 4. The first factor was seed extract Young areca nut and the second factor was Young Coconut Water. The parameters observed were the percentage of live explants, the percentage of contaminated explants, the age of shoot emergence, and the number of shoots. The observation results were analyzed statistically and continued with the further test of Honest Significant Difference (HSD) at the 5% level. It was found that the best treatment was P2K2 (20% young betel nut extract (200 ml + 800 ml distilled water) and young coconut water 20 ml/liter media), where the percentage of life was 100%, the percentage of contamination was 0%, the age of shoots appeared was 37.67 days, and the number of shoots was 5 strands.