Influence of NaCl Salinity on the Behaviour of Protease, Aminopeptidase and Carboxypeptidase in Rice Seedlings in Relation to Salt Tolerance

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Dubey ◽  
M Rani
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Activities of the enzymes protease, aminopeptidase and carboxypeptidase were determined in seedlings of rice cultivars with different salt tolerances raised under increasing levels of NaCl salinity. Salinity caused a marked increase in protease activity in roots as well as shoots, though activity was higher in roots than in shoots. Salt-tolerant cultivars possessed higher levels of protease activity in control as well as salt-stressed seedlings compared with salt-susceptible cultivars. During a growth period of 5-20 days, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity increased up to days 10-15 and decreased thereafter. Salt treatment caused a sharp increase in LAP activity in roots of both sets of cultivars. The increase was larger in tolerant than in susceptible cultivars. In shoots, unlike roots, higher salinity suppressed LAP activity, and suppression was more marked in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones. Carboxypeptidase activity was higher in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones under both control as well as salt treatments. Roots maintained higher levels of carboxypeptidase activity than shoots. Results suggest an increased rate of proteolysis in salt-stressed rice seedlings and an association of salt-tolerance ability with higher protease and aminopeptidase activities and lower carboxypeptidase activity under salinisation.

Application of SSR Technique for the Identification of Markers Linked to Salinity Tolerance in Rice

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
MH Kabir ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
AC Manidas
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Phenotypic Screening ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Marker Assisted Breeding ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Rice Landrace ◽  
Salt Susceptible

A cross was made between high yielding salt susceptible BINA variety (Binadhan-5) with salt tolerant rice landrace (Harkuch) to identify salt tolerant rice lines. Thirty six F3 rice lines of Binadhan-5 x Harkuch were tested for salinity tolerance at the seedling stage in hydroponic system using nutrient solution. In F3 population, six lines were found as salt tolerant and 10 lines were moderately tolerant based on phenotypic screening at the seedling stage. Twelve SSR markers were used for parental survey and among them three polymorphic SSR markers viz., OSR34, RM443 and RM169 were selected to evaluate 26 F3 rice lines for salt tolerance. With respect to marker OSR34, 15 lines were identified as salt tolerant, 9 lines were susceptible and 2 lines were heterozygous. While RM443 identified 3 tolerant, 14 susceptible and 9 heterozygous rice lines. Eight tolerant, 11 susceptible and 7 heterozygous lines were identified with the marker RM169. Thus the tested markers could be efficiently used for tagging salt tolerant genes in marker-assisted breeding programme.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i2.16929 Progress. Agric. 19(2): 57 - 65, 2008

scholarly journals Advances and Challenges in the Breeding of Salt-Tolerant Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8385
Author(s):  
Hua Qin ◽  
Yuxiang Li ◽  
Rongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Salt Susceptible

Soil salinization and a degraded ecological environment are challenging agricultural productivity and food security. Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple food of much of the world’s population, is categorized as a salt-susceptible crop. Improving the salt tolerance of rice would increase the potential of saline-alkali land and ensure food security. Salt tolerance is a complex quantitative trait. Biotechnological efforts to improve the salt tolerance of rice hinge on a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance. In this review, we summarize progress in the breeding of salt-tolerant rice and in the mapping and cloning of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with salt tolerance in rice. Furthermore, we describe biotechnological tools that can be used to cultivate salt-tolerant rice, providing a reference for efforts aimed at rapidly and precisely cultivating salt-tolerance rice varieties.

scholarly journals Salinity Effects on Bentgrass Germination

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. McCarty ◽  
A.E. Dudeck
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salinity Effects ◽  
Agrostis Tenuis ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Duplicate studies were conducted to determine salt tolerance during germination of eight bentgrass (Agrostis spp.) cultivars commonly used for overseeding warm-season turf species, such as bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) putting surfaces. Bentgrass seeds were germinated on agar salinized with 0, 4000, 8000, 12,000, or 16,000 mg·liter-1, with the highest rate approaching one-half seawater salinity. Total germination decreased linearly or quadratically for specific cultivars as salinity increased. Time necessary to reach 50% germination across all salt concentrations was shortest for `Highland' colonial (Agrostis tenuis Sibth) and `Seaside' creeping (A. palustris Huds.) bentgrass (≈3.7 days); intermediate for `Kingstown' velvet (A. canina L.) and `Streaker' red top (A. alba L.) bentgrass (≈4.5 days); and longest for `Penneagle' creeping, `Penncross' creeping, `Exeter' colonial, and `Pennlinks' creeping bentgrass (≈5.3 days). Salt concentrations necessary to reduce germination to 90%, 75%, and 50% indicated that `Streaker' red top and `Seaside' creeping bentgrass were the most salt-tolerant cultivars. `Kingstown' velvet, `Exeter' colonial, and `Highland' colonial bentgrass were intermediate, while `Pennlinks', `Penncross', and `Penneagle' creeping bentgrass were the most salt-sensitive cultivars.

scholarly journals Identification of introgressed rice lines of Binadhan-7×FL-378 under salt stress through SSR markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Haque ◽  
M A Mahmud ◽  
M M Islam ◽  
S N Begum
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Bc1f1 Population ◽  
Backcross Population ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Pattern Of Variation ◽  
Positive Correlations

Thirty two rice lines of BC1F1 population (Binadhan-7/FL 378) were used to identify introgressed rice lines for salt tolerance using SSR markers at the Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Divisions of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. Seeds of BC1F1 population of Binadhan-7/FL-378 were collected from backcross population of F1 (Binadhan-7/FL 378). Salt tolerant genotype, FL-378 was crossed with high yielding variety, Binadhan-7. Randomly selected 32 BC1F1 progenies along with their two parents (Binadhan-7, FL-378) were genotyped with microsatellite or SSR markers for identification of introgressed rice lines. Parental polymorphism survey was assayed by 8 SSR markers and three polymorphic SSR markers viz., RM296, RM585 and OSR30 were selected to evaluate BC1F1 rice lines for salt tolerance. Primer RM585 indicated 16 lines as introgressed and 16 lines as susceptible in comparison with salt tolerant parent FL-378 and salt susceptible parent Binadhan-7. Primer RM296 identified 13 introgressed, and 19 susceptible lines. Nine introgressed and 23 susceptible lines were identified when BC1F1 lines were evaluated with marker OSR30. Line BC1F1-30, BC1F1-40, BC1F1-2, BC1F1-16 and BC1F1-34 were identified as introgressed in comparison with parent FL-378 (salt tolerant) when RM585 and RM296 markers were used but line BC1F1-1 and BC1F1-3 were identified as introgressed incase of 3 primers (RM585, RM296 and OSR30). Again the lines BC1F1-5, BC1F1-24, BC1F1-26, BC1F1-27, BC1F1-29, BC1F11F1-37 and BC1F1(PIC) values ranged from 0.3290 to 0.3671 with an average of 0.3544. The overall gene diversity of SSR loci for the 32 BC1F1 rice lines along with two parents was 0.4614, ranging from 0.4152 to 0.4844. Positive correlations were found between the genetic diversity and the maximum number of repeats. Among the lines, all the loci were polymorphic and clearly distinct and the cluster analysis (NJ tree and UPGMA) showed nearly similar pattern of variation which could be used for improvement of salt tolerant rice lines of rice through SSR markers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i1.12039J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 49–54, 2012

Selecting salt-tolerant citrus rootstocks

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Gallasch ◽  
GS Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
Chloride Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference

The salt-tolerance of 28 imported rootstocks was compared with three citrus rootstocks used widely in South Australia. The experiment was conducted in a shadehouse, using highly saline irrigation water (8700 8S/cm conductivity) applied to vigorous, chloride-excluding genotypes.Fifteen of the imported rootstocks showed no significant growth reductions after 84 days of salt treatment and were therefore considered as being highly salt tolerant. All fifteen outperformed the three locally used rootstocks (Paramatta sweet orange, Cleopatra mandarin and Troyer citrange), which experienced significant growth reductions during salt treatment. Seventeen rootstocks showed no significant difference from each other in leaf chloride (Cl-) concentrations on day 84 and were therefore identified as the best Cl- excluders. Ten rootstocks had the combined attributes of salt tolerance on the basis of growth response, Cl- exclusion ability and absence of phytotoxic leaf symptoms. The relationship between growth response of plants during salt treatment and Cl- -accumulation in leaves was not significant.The three locally used rootstocks were not significantly different (P < 0.05) in their growth response to high salinity, but differed from each other in their Cl exclusion ability.Investigation of nutrient interrelationships showed that chloride uptake was negatively correlated with nitrogen (N) uptake and positively correlated with calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na) uptake. Sodium uptake was negatively correlated with N, potassium (K) and manganese (Mn) uptake.

scholarly journals Assessment of Kentucky Bluegrass Salt Tolerance with Remote Sensing

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 999B-999
Author(s):  
James A. Poss ◽  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
Walter B. Russell ◽  
Stacy A. Bonos
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Canopy Reflectance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Poa Arachnifera

Six cultivars or selections of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) exposed to salinity stress were evaluated with ground-based remote sensing plant reflectance (R) measurements at wavelengths ranging from 350 nm to 2500 nm. Cultivars Baron, Brilliant, Cabernet, Eagleton, Midnight, and the selection A01-856, a Texas × Kentucky bluegrass hybrid (Poa arachnifera × P. pratensis), were grown outdoors from vegetative clones in a gravelly-sand medium from Apr. to Sept. 2005, in Riverside, Calif., at soil water salinities ranging from 2 to 22 dSm-1. Two Normalized Difference Vegetation Indicies (NDVI) were developed based on: 1) canopy reflectance in the visible domain at 695 and 670 nm and 2) an average of eight wavelengths in mid-infrared [Ravg = (R:1500, R:1680, R:1740, R:1940, R:2050, R:2170, R:2290, and R:2470 nm/8)] and the reference wavelength (670 nm). Both NDVIs were significantly sensitive to salinity-induced changes in grass canopies and were able to discriminate significantly between the salt-tolerant cultivars (`Baron', `Brilliant', and `Eagleton') and salt-sensitive cultivars (`Cabernet', `Midnight', and A01-856). Another remotely sensed index, based on the derivative of the absorbance (1/R) in the red-edge region between 600 and 800 nm, also generated a similar ranking to the NDVIs and biomass for the six cultivars. These findings indicate that remote sensing of canopy reflectance may represent an additional tool to evaluate and explain the biophysical or physiological differences among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars related to salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of F4 Rice Lines for Salt Tolerance at the Reproductive Stage

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Akhtar ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
SN Begum ◽  
J Halder ◽  
MK Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Selection Of

A total of 29 lines of F4 population of rice along with their parents Binadhan-5 (high yielding and salt susceptible) and Harkuch (salt tolerant landrace) were evaluated for salt tolerance at the reproductive stage with EC 6 dS/m following IRRI standard protocol. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed in plant height in salinized and non-salinized conditions. High heritability along with high genetic advance was also found in number of filled grains/plant in saline condition. These characters were under additive gene control and selection for salt tolerance might be effective. Number of filled grains/plant showed significant positive correlation with grain yield/plant. Path analysis revealed that number of filled grains/plant had positive and maximum direct effect on grain yield/plant. Therefore, number of filled grains/plant should be given the importance in selection of rice lines under saline condition.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16746 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 31 - 38, 2010

scholarly journals Comparative Water Relations of Two Contrasting Date Palm Genotypes under Salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Al Kharusi ◽  
Ramanjulu Sunkar ◽  
Rashid Al-Yahyai ◽  
Mahmoud W. Yaish
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Casparian Strips

Salinity is a global agricultural problem, resulting in a significant reduction in the plantation areas and the crop yields, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The date palm is relatively salt-tolerant plant species, although the nature of salt tolerance is poorly understood. In this study, the salt stress responses of a salt-tolerant “Umsila” was compared with salt-susceptible “Zabad” date palm cultivars. Various physiological parameters, plant-water relations, and anatomical characteristics were analyzed. The results revealed that although salinity has negatively affected both cultivars, Umsila exhibited more stable photosynthesis than Zabad as reflected by the quantum yield (Qy) and the stomatal conductance (GS). Similarly, Umsila showed a more dynamic root system and efficient water relations than Zabad as demonstrated by the leaf water potential (LWP) and relative water content (RWC) during salinity. Umsila also accumulated greater abundances of soluble sugars, potassium (K+), calcium (Ca+2), proline, glycine betaine, and lignin and formed extra layers of Casparian strips in the root tissues when the seedlings were grown under saline conditions. Together, the results obtained from this study have offered some insights into the salt tolerance mechanisms in the date palm.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Salinity Tolerance of Crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia spp.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Raul Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Nacl Salinity ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Indica Cultivar

The crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia L.) is one of the most popular flowering trees in the U.S. and abroad. L. indica cultivars have dominated urban and landscape settings until their recent displacement by modern interspecific L. indica × L. fauriei Kohene hybrids. This study evaluated the salt tolerance of an older L. indica cultivar, ‘Pink Lace,’ and the hybrids ‘Natchez’ and ‘Basham’s Party Pink.’ While the growth of these three cultivars was significantly and negatively affected by increasing NaCl salinity (0 to 24 mM) in the irrigation water, the shoot to root ratio (S/R) and aesthetic parameters (chlorophyll content and salt burn ratings) of ‘Pink Lace’ was the most affected. This cultivar showed the most responsive relationships between salt burn ratings and sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) accumulation in leaf tissues. ‘Basham’s Party Pink’ was rated as the most salt tolerant, with relatively steady S/R, chlorophyll contents and salt burn rating across all salinities, and its leaf tissues had the lowest accumulation of Na and Cl. Results from this study also support the hypothesis that geographical and ecological origins of the parent Lagerstroemia species and selections largely influences the relative salinity tolerance of the cultivars.

scholarly journals Integrated Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Analyses Revealed Molecular Mechanism for Salt Resistance in Soybean Roots

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12848
Author(s):  
Jie Jin ◽  
Jianfeng Wang ◽  
Keke Li ◽  
Shengwang Wang ◽  
Juan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Root Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Salinity stress is a threat to yield in many crops, including soybean (Glycine max L.). In this study, three soybean cultivars (JD19, LH3, and LD2) with different salt resistance were used to analyze salt tolerance mechanisms using physiology, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and bioinformatic methods. Physiological studies showed that salt-tolerant cultivars JD19 and LH3 had less root growth inhibition, higher antioxidant enzyme activities, lower ROS accumulation, and lower Na+ and Cl- contents than salt-susceptible cultivar LD2 under 100 mM NaCl treatment. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that compared with LD2, salt stress increased the expression of antioxidant metabolism, stress response metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, auxin response protein, transcription, and translation-related genes in JD19 and LH3. The comparison of metabolite profiles indicated that amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle were important metabolic pathways of soybean in response to salt stress. In the further validation analysis of the above two pathways, it was found that compared with LD2, JD19, and LH3 had higher nitrogen absorption and assimilation rate, more amino acid accumulation, and faster TCA cycle activity under salt stress, which helped them better adapt to salt stress. Taken together, this study provides valuable information for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying salt tolerance of soybean and also proposes new ideas and methods for cultivating stress-tolerant soybean.

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