scholarly journals Friction Performance Optimization of Chemically Deposited Ni-P-W Coating Using Taguchi Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriyo Roy ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Friction Performance ◽  
Roller Configuration

The present study considers the friction behavior of chemically deposited Ni-P-W coatings and optimization of the coating process parameters for minimum friction using Taguchi method. The study is carried out by varying the combination of four coating process parameters, namely, concentration of nickel source, concentration of reducing agent, concentration of tungsten source, and annealing temperature. The friction tests are conducted in a plate-on-roller configuration by keeping the coated sample fixed against a rotating steel roller. The optimum combination of process parameters for minimum friction coefficient is obtained from the analysis of S/N ratio. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of variance reveals that the concentration of nickel source solution has the most significant influence in controlling friction characteristics of Ni-P-W coating. The surface morphology and composition of coatings are also studied with the help of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersed x-ray analysis, and x-ray diffraction analysis.

Design and Selection of Chemically Deposited Ni-P-W Coatings for Optimum Tribological Behavior

2014 ◽  
pp. 45-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta Sahoo ◽  
Supriyo Roy ◽  
J. Paulo Davim
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Roller Configuration ◽  
Wear And Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Source Concentration

Chemically deposited nickel coatings possess superior tribological properties such as high hardness, good wear, and corrosion resistance. The quest for improved tribological performance has led to the design and selection of newer variants of these coatings. The present chapter deals with the development of Ni-P-W coating on mild steel substrate and the improvement of tribological characteristics through modification of the coating process parameters. Three coating process parameters, concentration of nickel source, concentration of reducing agent, and concentration of tungsten source along with the annealing temperature, are optimized for minimum friction and wear of the coating. Friction and wear tests are carried out in a multi-tribotester using block on roller configuration under dry conditions. Taguchi-based grey relational analysis is employed for the optimization of this multiple response problem using L27 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance shows that the concentration of nickel source, the interaction between nickel source concentration, and reducing agent concentration, and also the interaction between nickel source concentration and tungsten source concentration have significant influence in controlling the friction and wear behavior of chemically deposited Ni-P-W coating. It is observed that wear mechanism is a mild adhesive in nature. The structural morphology, composition, and phase structure of the coating are studied with the help of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), and X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), respectively.

Tribological Performance Optimization of Electroless Nickel Coatings Under Lubricated Condition

2018 ◽  
pp. 250-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Duari ◽  
Arkadeb Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Tapan Kumar Barman ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present chapter aims to determine optimal tribo-testing condition for minimum coefficient of friction and wear depth of electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu coatings under lubrication using grey relational analysis. Electroless Ni-P, Ni-P-W and Ni-P-Cu coatings are deposited on AISI 1040 steel substrates. They are heat treated at suitable temperatures to improve their hardness. Coating characterization is done using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis and X-Ray diffraction techniques. Typical nodulated surface morphology is observed in the scanning electron micrographs of all the three coatings. Phase transformation on heat treating the deposits is captured through the use of X-Ray diffraction technique. Vicker's microhardness of the coatings in their as-deposited and heat treated condition is determined. Ni-P-W coatings are seen to exhibit the highest microhardness. Friction and wear tests under lubricated condition are carried out following Taguchi's experimental design principle. Finally, the predominating wear mechanism of the coatings is discussed.

Wear Performance Optimization for Electroless Ni-P Coating

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta Sahoo ◽  
Suman Kalyan Das
Keyword(s):  
Performance Optimization ◽  
System Response ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nodular Structure ◽  
Coating Morphology ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Significant Factors

Optimization of the wear performance of electroless Ni-P coating is carried out with the help of Taguchi orthogonal array design. Tribological testing parameters (applied load, sliding speed and duration of testing) are optimized with the help of L27 array in order to get the best wear performance from the coating. Load and time were found to be the most significant factors. Interaction between load and time is also found to hold some amount of significance towards the system response (wear). The characterization of the coating is carried out through scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. The coating morphology is found to resemble a nodular structure and the coating is mainly amorphous in as deposited state. However, post heat treatment at 400ºC for one hour the coating transforms into crystalline structure. The wear mechanism is also studied and found to be a mixture of abrasive and adhesive wear phenomena.

scholarly journals Combinatorial Search for New Solar Water Splitting Photoanode Materials in the Thin-Film System Fe–Ti–W–O

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Kumari ◽  
Chinmay Khare ◽  
Fanxing Xi ◽  
Mona Nowak ◽  
Kirill Sliozberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Coated Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Film Library ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Splitting

AbstractIn order to identify new solar water splitting photoanodes, Fe–Ti–W–O materials libraries were fabricated by combinatorial reactive co-sputtering and investigated by high-throughput characterization methods to elucidate compositional, thickness, and structural properties. In addition, photoelectrochemical measurements such as potentiodynamic photocurrent determination and open circuit potential measurements were performed using an automated scanning droplet cell. In the thin-film library, a quaternary photoactive region Fe30–49Ti29–55W13–22Ox was identified as a hit composition region, comprising binary and ternary phases. The identified region shows a distinct surface morphology with larger grains (∼200 nm) being embedded into a matrix of smaller grains (∼80–100 nm). A maximum photocurrent density of 117 μA/cm2 at a bias potential of 1.45 V vs. RHE in NaClO4 as an electrolyte under standard solar simulating conditions was recorded. Additional samples with compositions from the hit region were fabricated by reactive co-sputtering and spin coating followed by annealing. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction of sputtered Fe32Ti52W16Ox thin-films, annealed in air (600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C) revealed the presence of the phases FeTiO3 and Ti0.54W0.46O2. The composition Fe48Ti30W22Ox from the hit region was fabricated by spin coating and subsequent annealing for a detailed investigation of its structure and photoactivity. After annealing the spin-coated sample at 650 °C for 6 h, X-ray diffraction results showed a dominant pattern with narrow diffraction lines belonging to a distorted FeWO4 (ferberite) phase along with broad diffraction lines addressed as Fe2TiO5 and in a small fraction also, Fe1.7Ti0.23O3. In hematite, Fe can be substituted by Ti, therefore we suggest that in the newfound ferberite-type phase, Ti partially substitutes for Fe leading to a small lattice distortion and a doubling of the monoclinic unit cell. In addition, Na from the substrate stabilizes the new phase: its tentative chemical formula is NaxFe0.33Ti0.67W2O8. A maximum photocurrent density of around 0.43 mA/cm2 at 1.45 V vs. RHE in 1M NaOH (pH ∼ 13.6) as an electrolyte was measured. Different aspects of the dependence of annealing and precursor solution concentration on phase transformation and photoactivity are discussed.

Electroless Ni-P Coating of Cenospheres Using Copper Sulfate Activator

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 375-379
Author(s):  
Ai Xiang Zeng ◽  
Kai Long Hu ◽  
Li Luo
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Emi Shielding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microwave Absorbing Materials ◽  
Absorbing Materials ◽  
Fly Ash Cenosphere ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
The Given

Electroless Ni- P-coating of fly-ash cenosphere particles is demonstrated in the present investigation. The Electroless Ni- P-coating process is modified by replacing the conventional sensitization and activation steps with only using activation step with CuSO4 activator. The cenosphere particles are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) during and after the coating process. Relatively uniform and continuous coating is obtained under the given coating conditions. The possible mechanism of electroless Ni-P-coating of cenosphere particles utilizing CuSO4 activator is suggested. The low density Ni-P coated cenosphere particles may be utilized for manufacturing conducting polymers for EMI-shielding application and microwave absorbing materials.

Nanoindentation Evaluation of Suspension Thermal Sprayed Nanocomposite WC-Co Coatings

2017 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Omar Ali ◽  
Rehan Ahmed ◽  
Nadimul H. Faisal ◽  
Nayef M. Al-Anazi ◽  
Youssef O. Elakwah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Coating ◽  
Thermal Spray Coating ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Suspension Spraying ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cermet Coatings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Coating Microstructure

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the microstructural and nanohardness characteristics of tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) cermet coatings deposited by liquid suspension spraying. Commercially available WC-Co coating powder was milled and water based suspension was produced as feedstock for the thermal spray coating process. Microstructural evaluations of WC-Co cermet coatings included XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Post spraying nanomechanical evaluations were conducted using a Berkovich nanoindenter. Results indicated relatively higher modulus but lower hardness of suspension coatings. The load displacement curves during nanoindentation were characteristic of the complex coating microstructure showing signs of microcracking and pile-up.

scholarly journals Preparation of Tween 80-Zn/Al-Levodopa-Layered Double Hydroxides Nanocomposite for Drug Delivery System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminu Umar Kura ◽  
Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali ◽  
Mohd Zobir Hussein ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aggregation Structure ◽  
Viability Study ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Mitochondrial Dehydrogenase Activity

We incorporated anti-Parkinsonian drug, levodopa (dopa), in Zn/Al-LDH by coprecipitation method to form dopa-LDH nanocomposite. Further coating of Tween-80 on the external surfaces of dopa-LDH nanocomposite was achieved through the oxygen of C=O group of Tween-80 with the layer of dopa-LDH nanocomposite. The final product is called Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite. The X-ray diffraction indicates that the Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite was formed by aggregation structure. From the TGA data, the Tween-80 loading on the surface of LDH and dopa-LDH was 8.6 and 7.4%, respectively. The effect of coating process on the dopa release from Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite was also studied. The release from Tween-dopa-LDH nanocomposite shows slower release compared to the release of the drug from dopa-LDH nanocomposite as done previously in our study, presumably due to the retarding shielding effect. The cell viability study using PC12 showed improved viability with Tween-80 coating on dopa-LDH nanocomposite as studied by mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (MTT assay).

Effect of Electrolyte on Micro Arc Oxidation Coating of Al-2014 Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 1148 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Shankar ◽  
R. Sokkalingam ◽  
K. Sivaprasad ◽  
Veerappan Muthupandi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Porous Layers ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Phosphate Electrolyte

Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) coating was performed on Al-2014 aluminium alloy in aqueous solution of silicate, phosphate and hybrid electrolytic environments. The MAO thickness was measured around 5-15 μm, in which significant thickness of both dense and porous layers were identified. A combination of nanocrystalline α-Al2O3and Υ-Al2O3 was identified in the MAO coating using X-ray diffraction analysis. The thickness and morphology of the coating, which is analyzed using SEM are different for different MAO process parameters and it was found that the MAO coating prepared in phosphate electrolyte is giving a better coating with higher coating thickness, minor pore size and better adherence.

Roughness Optimization of Electroless Ni-B Coatings Using Taguchi Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kalyan Das ◽  
Prasanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Taguchi Orthogonal Design

In this paper, the authors present an experimental study of roughness characteristics of electroless Ni-B coatings and optimization of the coating process parameters based on L27 Taguchi orthogonal design. Three coating process parameters are considered viz. bath temperature, reducing agent concentration, and nickel source concentration. It is observed that concentration of reducing agent together with bath temperature play a vital role in controlling the roughness characteristics of the coatings. The analysis yields the optimum coating parameter combination for minimum roughness. A reduction of about 15% is observed in roughness at the optimal condition compared to the initial condition. The microstructure, composition, and the phase content of the coating are also studied with the help of scanning electron microscopes energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively.

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