Mutation of KIT In Cellular Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: A Case of And Literature Review

Background: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (EMCs) have been recognised as genetically and biologically solid tumours. Only a few studies have discussed the role of CD117 in immunohistochemical(IHC) staining or the influence of the KIT gene in EMC. We herein present a novel case of cellular EMC exhibiting EWSR1-NR4A3 fusion, KIT exon 13 mutations and a strong diffuse expression of CD117.Case presentation: A man presented with a fist-sized tumour on his left shoulder. Computed tomography(CT) revealed a tumour in the left thoracic and dorsal muscle space. The tumour was completely resected. Histologically, the tumour cells had a nodular structure and underwent infiltrative growth, with the invasion of the peripheral fat and muscle tissues. The tumour cells had uniform size, round nuclei with well-defined nucleoli and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells were positive for CD117, vimentin, CD56 and NSE and revealed focal expression for desmin, with negativity for myogenin, S-100, SYN, INSM1, CD34, STAT6, INI-1, Brachyury, ERG, TLE1, AE1/AE3, WT-1, CD99 and SMA. Next-generation sequencing revealed EWSR1-NR4A3 fusion and KIT exon 13 mutations. The patient had no further treatment after surgery, and no recurrence or metastasis in follow-up for nearly 2 months.Conclusions: Molecular detection is an indispensable technique for the diagnosis of EMC, especially rare variants like cellular EMC. The KIT mutations noted in this case report may offer fresh insights regarding EMC treatment.

Pheochromocytoma and Adrenocortical Carcinoma: Morphological Characteristics in Endoscopic Ultrasound Imaging

Purpose Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are two rare endocrine diseases. Early diagnosis is crucial to significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. In this study, we used endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for high-resolution imaging to investigate the endosonographic morphology pattern of PCC and ACC. Materials and Methods This retrospective cohort study included 58 PCC/ACC lesions diagnosed by EUS imaging at two tertiary care centers between 1997 and 2015. The following groups were defined by histology or by the presence of a pheochromocytoma-associated syndrome without histological proof: bPCC (benign PCC), mPCC (malignant PCC), and ACC. Results In our cohort, mPCC tended to be larger at the time of diagnosis (n=5; 39.9±41.9 mm) than bPCC (n=46; 27.3 ±20.8 mm, P=0.548). ACC lesions were significantly larger (n=7; 50.6±14.8 mm) than bPCC and mPCC (n=51; 28.5±23.3 mm, P=0.002). In EUS, bPCC and ACC lesions frequently appeared to have a round shape and nodular structure. bPCC and ACC tended to be more hyperechoic (P=0.112 and P=0.558, respectively) and heterogeneous (P=0.501 and P=0.098, respectively) than mPCC. Compared to PCC, ACC did not show high hyperperfusion (P=0.022). In contrast to adenoma, all tumor entities showed hypo-/anechoic areas within the tumor (P<0.05). Conclusion No significant differences in EUS morphology were found to reliably distinguish benign from malignant PCC and ACC lesions. However, EUS may be a reasonable alternative or complementary method to conventional imaging techniques for the early detection of these tumor entities.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-P/Tic Composite Coating through one Step Co- Electrodeposition

Coatings are considered to be a promising solution for the corrosion and wear in various industries. NiP coatings are well known for their anticorrosive behavior but lack mechanical strength. In present study, the effect of sub microscale TiC particles on the structural, morphological, mechanical and electrochemical analysis of Ni-P/TiC coating were carried out through X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Vickers microhardness, nanoindentation and potentiodynamic polarization test on Gamry. Co-electrodeposition of the Ni-P/TiC with varying the composition of TiC namely 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0g/L. The depostion conditions were optimized for pH, temperature and current density. The surface morphology of coat represents nodular structure with TiC particles embedded in it without any defects. Structural analysis proves the amorphous nature of the coating. Vickers microhardness is observed to increase with the composition and attains highest value at 1.5g/L of TiC in the chemical bath. Nanoindentation results are in agreement with the hardness result. Thus, improvement in mechanical properties of the Ni-P coating is achieved without affecting its corrosion resistance.

Analysis of Titania Nanosheet Adsorption Behavior Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor

We investigated the adsorption of albumin and fibronectin on a titania nanosheet- (TNS-) modified quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. A Ti QCM sensor was fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering. A thin layer of Ti was deposited on the QCM sensor. This sensor was then alkali-modified by treatment with NaOH at room temperature to fabricate the titania nanosheets. Scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to investigate the surface topology and chemical components of each sensor. The TNS had a titanium oxide film exhibiting a nodular structure and a thickness of 13 nm on the QCM sensor. Furthermore, QCM measurements showed significantly greater amounts of albumin and fibronectin adsorbed on the TNS than on titanium. The NaOH treatment of titanium modified the sensor surface and improved the adsorption behaviors of proteins related to the initial adhesion of bone marrow cells. Therefore, we concluded that TNS improves the initial adhesion between the implant materials and the surrounding tissues.

Tribological Study of Fe–W–P Electrodeposited Coating on 316 L Stainless Steel

Ternary iron–tungsten–phosphorus (Fe–W–P) coatings were electrodeposited with different sodium tungstate (NaWO4·2H2O) concentration on stainless steel 316 L substrate. These coatings were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The friction and wear behavior of these coatings were investigated using ball-on-disk tribometer under dry conditions. This study reveals a nanocrystalline and nodular structure with nanometric grain size of the deposited alloy. The maximum level of incorporation of tungsten (W) is about 29.54 at %. It was obtained with 0.5 M of sodium tungstate concentration, and it increases the microhardness of the coatings. Moreover, it was found that Fe–W–P coatings had significantly improved the tribological properties of the substrate due to their higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient.

Study of Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni-P-TiO2 Composite Coatings

Electroless nickel coatings are widely popular in various industrial sectors due to their excellent tribological properties. The present study considers optimization of coating parameters along with annealing temperature to improve microhardness and corrosion resistance of Ni-P-TiO2 composite coatings. Grey relational analysis is used to find out the optimal combination of coating parameters. From the analysis, it is confirmed that annealing temperature of the coating has the most significant effect and amount of titanium particles in the coating has some significant effect on corrosion properties of the coating. The same trend is observed in case of combined study of corrosion behavior and microhardness. The surface morphology, phase transformation and the chemical composition are examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive analysis respectively. The Ni-P-TiO2 composite coating revealed nodular structure with almost uniform distribution of titanium particles and it turns in to crystalline structure after heat treatment.

A Rare Complication following Thyroid Percutaneous Ethanol Injection: Plummer Adenoma

Percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) is a technique used only for benign thyroid nodules, cystic or mixed cystic-solid with a large fluid component. It is a quite low-cost, safe, and outpatient method of treatment. Rare and severe complications have been described after PEI: jugular vein thrombosis and severe ethanol toxic necrosis of the larynx combined with necrotic dermatitis. Moreover, only four thyrotoxicosis cases due to Graves’ disease have been reported. We report a case of 58-year-old female with a voluminous thyroid cystic nodule, occupying almost the entire left thyroid lobe. Our patient had already performed surgical visit and intervention of thyroidectomy had been proposed to her, which she refused. At baseline, our patient has a normal thyroid function with negative autoantibodies. According to the nodular structure, intervention of PEI has been performed with a significant improvement of compressive symptoms and cosmetic disorders. About 30 days after treatment, there was a significant volume reduction, but patient developed an acclaimed symptomatic thyrotoxicosis. After ruling out several causes of hyperthyroidism and according to the thyroid scintigraphy findings, we made the diagnosis of Plummer adenoma. To our knowledge, our patient is the first case of Plummer adenoma following PEI treatment of nontoxic thyroid nodule.