scholarly journals Optimum condition of manufacturing hybrid particleboard from mixture of cocoa pod husk and bamboo particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Hong T. K. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husks

This study was to investigate the feasibility of using cocoa pod husks (CPH) and bamboo in manufacturing hybrid particle board. Three-layer experimental particleboards from mixture of bamboo and CPH participles were manufactured using different surface to core layer ratios (30, 40 and 50%) and various UF ratios for surface layer (6, 8 and 10%) and for core layer (4, 6 and 8%). Modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB) and thickness swelling (TS) properties of the boards were evaluated based on Standard TCVN7756:2007 Test Methods for general purpose used in dry conditions. The results showed that boards in all ratios of surface to core layer investigated could be manufactured using up till 8% UF resin for surface layer and up till 6% UF resin for core layer without falling below the minimum Standard VN7754:2007. The optimal condition was the surface to core layer ratio of 30% used with 9.51% UF resin for surface layer and 7.45% UF resin for core layer obtaining the lowest thickness swelling (TS) 11.13%. The highest values of MOR and IB were 15.25 MPa and 0.45 MPa, respectively. This study demonstrates that cocoa pod husks and bamboo waste can be an alternative raw material source for particleboard production.

scholarly journals TOF-SIMS Molecular Imaging and Properties of pMDI-Bonded Particleboards Made from Cup-Plant and Wood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Petr Klímek ◽  
Rupert Wimmer ◽  
Peter Meinlschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Scanning Electron

Cup-plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) stalks were investigated as a potential wood-replacement in particleboards (PBs). Two types of PBs were produced—(1) single-layer and (2) three-layer boards. In the three-layer cup-plant PB, the core layer was made from cup-plant, while the surface layer consisted of spruce particles. The cup-plant as well as spruce control panels were produced with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) as the adhesive, with the physical and mechanical properties measured to meet class P1 of the European EN 312 standard. For the intrinsic morphology of the particleboards, scanning electron microscopy was applied. Wood-based and cup-plant-based particleboards indicated significant differences in morphology that affect the resulting properties of particleboards. Furthermore, an innovative approach was used in the determination of the pMDI bondline morphology. With a compact Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass analyser, integrated in a multifunctional focused-ion beam scanning-electron-microscope, it was possible to show that the Ga+ ion source could be detect and visualize in 3D ion molecular clusters specific to pMDI adhesive and wood. Mechanical performance data showed that cup-plant particleboards performed well, even though their properties were below the spruce-made controls. Especially the modulus of rupture (MOR) of the cup-plant PB was lowered by 40%, as compared to the spruce-made control board. Likewise, thickness swelling of cup-plant made boards was higher than the control. Results were linked to the specific porous structure of the cup-plant material. In contrast, it was shown that three-layer cup-plant PB had a higher MOR and also a higher modulus of elasticity, along with lower thickness swelling, compared to its single-layer cup-plant counterpart. The industry relevant finding was that the three-layer PB made from cup-plant stalks fulfilled the EN 312 standard, class P1 (usage in dry conditions). It was shown that raw material mixtures could be useful to improve the mechanical panel performance, also with an altered vertical density profile.

scholarly journals Soybean waste in particleboard production

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽  
Alan Pereira Vilela ◽  
Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽  
Lourival Marin Mendes ◽  
Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Pazio ◽  
Piotr Boruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Larch Wood

Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards. The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of the addition of fibers and particles obtained from European larch wood (Larix decidua Mill) from plantations on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards in comparison to the boards of the same structure based on typical industrial raw material (pine wood) uses by European wood based panels industry. The differences were shown in the tests, i.e.: modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity in static bending (MOE), internal bond (IB), thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water and density profile. In the MOR and MOE tests, larch boards with a minimum 50% fiber share were characterized by comparable values of the properties determined to pine boards, while in the other variants, boards made of pine wood had better properties. In most cases, the larch boards were characterized by significantly lower values of swelling by thickness (with the exception of boards made of fibers) than boards made of wood from forest cultivation. The density profile of the boards on the cross-section of the plantation raw material did not differ from the boards made of pine raw material.

scholarly journals Comparision of Different Raw Densities and Board Thicknesses in the Production of Enzymatically Bonded Fiberboards

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Alexander Kirsch ◽  
Patrick Reuter ◽  
Alireza Kharazipour ◽  
Markus Euring
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Bonding Agents ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Mediator System ◽  
Health Related

Reducing CO2 emissions for the long term is an important issue in countering climate change. For this reason, the use of renewable construction materials inter alia wood-based materials is becoming increasingly important. Wood based materials often depend on petrochemical-based binding agents, most of which contain and emit formaldehyde. This causes environmental and health-related difficulties that could be rectified by avoiding the utilization of these adhesives. For this purpose, enzymatically bonded medium-density fiberboards (MDF) with a targeted raw density of 650 kg/m³ and 750 kg/m³ and high-density fiberboards (HDF) with a density of 900 kg/m³ were produced in different thicknesses. Laccase-Mediator-System (LMS) was applied to manufacture the boards and to compare them to those glued with UF and inactivated laccase, respectively. These panels were tested in terms of their physical technical properties, such as internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR) and thickness swelling (TS) after 24 h immersion. The aim was to show the correlation between density and these properties for fiberboards bonded this way. Most panels meet the requirements of the European standard when LMS and UF-resin were used. The possibility to produce fiberboards bonded with alternative bonding agents opens up the way to alternative, innovative, healthy and environmental-friendly wood based products.

scholarly journals Physico-Mechanical and Biological Durability of Citric Acid-Bonded Rubberwood Particleboard

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Zhou Huaxu ◽  
Lee Seng Hua ◽  
Paridah Md Tahir ◽  
Zaidon Ashaari ◽  
Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Citric Acid Content ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Biological Durability

This study investigated the effects of different citric acid content on the physico-mechanical and biological durability of rubberwood particleboard. Particleboards with density of 700 kg/m3 were produced with three different citric acid contents, namely 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Particleboards made from 10 wt% urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were served as control for comparison purposes. FTIR analysis was carried out and the formation of ester linkages between -OH on cellulose and carbonyl groups of citric acid was confirmed. The peak intensity increased along with increasing citric content, which indicated that a higher amount of ester linkages were formed at higher citric acid content. Citric acid-bonded particleboard had inferior physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) compared to that of the UF-bonded particleboard. However, the performance of particleboard was enhanced with increasing citric acid content. Meanwhile, citric acid-bonded particleboard displayed significantly better fungal and termite resistance than UF-bonded particleboard owing to the acidic nature of citric acid. It can be concluded that citric acid is a suitable green binder for particleboard but some improvement is needed during the particleboard production process.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Kempa Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Papan Komposit dari Serat Tkks Berperekat Gambir Berlapis Anyaman Bambu

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Junaidi -
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pressing Time

Fiber from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) can be used as a raw material for the production of composite board.  Gambier can be used in a natural adhesive because of its high tannin content.  Appropriate material to veneer the board and the correct temperature and pressing time are needed to improve the quality of this composite board. This research was to discover the optimal temperature, needed to make woven bamboo veneer composite board from OPEFB fiber and  gambier based adhesive that can fulfill the Indonesian National Standards for veneered composite boards and the pressing time required for the board to reach thermal equilibrium. Results showed that both temperature and pressing time have a significant influence on density, moisture content, thickness swelling and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the boards but not on the internal bond strength or the compression strength parallel to the grain.  Multi-layered composite board pressed at 1300C has weaker physical and mechanical properties than that pressed at  1450C, or 1600C.  Twenty-five minutes of pressing time yielded a better product than 15 minutes and the combination of 25 minutes and 1450C proved to be optimal for the curing of the gambier based adhesive used with 8.4% moisture content fibers. Use of woven bamboo veneer resulted in boards that reached the density, moisture content, thickness swelling at 24 hours (PT24) and MOR National standards SNI 03-2105-2006 for standard veneered particle board however it failed to reach the standard for modulus of elasticity (MOE). The bonding strength of the boards reached the Nation Standard SNI 01-5008.7-1999 of 3.5 kg/cm2 minimum for structural veneered boards.

scholarly journals Kualitas Papan Partikel Dari Pelepah Nipah dengan Perekat Asam Sitrat dan Sukrosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Mahdi Santoso ◽  
Ragil Widyorini ◽  
Tibertus Agus Prayitno ◽  
Joko Sulistyo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Press Time ◽  
Positive Effect

Penggunaan perekat alami dan bahan baku non kayu dalam pembuatan papan partikel masih sangat terbatas. Sukrosa dan asam sitrat adalah dua bahan alami yang potensial sebagai perekat alami pengganti perekat sintetik berbasis formaldehida. Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) merupakan bahan non kayu yang potensial dijadikan alternatif bahan baku papan partikel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas papan partikel pelepah nipah yang direkat dengan sukrosa/asam sitrat (100/0, 87,5/12,5 dan 75/25). Papan partikel yang dibuat berukuran 25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm, target kerapatan 0,8 g/cm3. Variabel perekatan antara lain jumlah perekat 20%, waktu kempa 10 menit, suhu kempa 180°C dan tekanan spesifik 3,6 MPa. Sifat fisika dan mekanika papan partikel diuji berdasarkan standar JIS A 5908:2003, kekasaran permukaan diukur menggunakan metode yang dilakukan oleh Hiziroglu (1996). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan asam sitrat terhadap sukrosa berpengaruh positif terhadap sebagian besar sifat papan partikel pelepah nipah. Papan partikel pelepah nipah dengan perekat sukrosa/asam sitrat 87,5/12,5 mampu memberikan hasil terbaik dengan memenuhi standar JIS A 5908:2003. Karakteristik papan partikel tersebut adalah kerapatan 0,89 g/cm3, kadar air 10,21%, pengembangan tebal 2,45%, penyerapan air 23,55%, kekasaran permukaan 5,13 μm, keteguhan rekat internal 0,39 MPa, keteguhan patah 9,80 MPa dan keteguhan elastisitas 3,19 GPa.Kata kunci: papan partikel, pelepah nipah, perekat alami, sukrosa, asam sitrat AbstractUtilization of natural binder for non-wood composite is still limited. Sucrose and citric acid are potential natural binding agents for composite products. Nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) was non-wood materials which are potentially to be used as an alternative raw material for particleboards. This study aimed to determine the quality of the nipa frond particleboard bonded with sucrose/citric acid (100/0, 87.5/12.5 and 75/25). Particleboards were manufactured in 25 cm × 25 cm × 1 cm dimension, the target of density 0.8 g/cm3. The variables included resin content of 20%, press time of 10 m, pressing temperature of 180°C and specific pressure of 3.6 MPa. The physics and mechanics properties of particleboard were tested in accordance to standard JIS A 5908:2003 and surface roughness was measured by following the method performed by Hiziroglu (1996). The results showed that the addition of citric acid to sucrose give a positive effect on most of the properties of the nipa frond particleboards. The particleboard bonded with sucrose/citric acid 87.5/12.5 was able to provide the best results to meet the standards of JIS A 5908: 2003. Characteristics of the particleboard was a density of 0.89 g/cm, moisture content of 10.21%, thickness swelling of 2.45%, water absorption of 23.55%, surface roughness of 5.13 ìm, internal bonding of 0.39 MPa, modulus of rupture of 9.80 MPa and modulus of elasticity of 3.19 GPa.

scholarly journals Impact of kaolin on physicomechanical properties of density-graded cement bonded paperboards

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6033-6044
Author(s):  
Aina K. Sesan ◽  
Olayiwola Y. Bolarinwa ◽  
Oriire L. Temitope
Keyword(s):  
Cement Content ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Nominal Density ◽  
Printing Papers ◽  
Absorption Thickness

Paperboards of thickness 0.6 cm with densities of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 g/cm3 were produced from waste papers mixed with cement and kaolin. Printing and corrugated waste papers were employed in the proportions of 50.0/25.0/25.0, 50.0/37.5/12.5, and 50.0/12.5/37.5 (paper/cement/kaolin), respectively. The dimensional and strength properties of the boards were investigated. The values obtained range from 0.40 to 0.94 g/cm3, 51.19 to 68.10%, 0.14 to 3.10%, 0.01 to 1.69 Nmm-2, and 119.98 to 567.32 Nmm-2 for observing the density, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity, respectively. The board of proportion 25/25 of kaolin/cement was densest with high strength. As the nominal density and kaolin content were increased from 12.5 to 37.5%, an increase was observed in density and strength properties. Similarly, as the proportion of kaolin and cement content were increased, the rate of moisture uptake to cavity decreased. This study shows that boards from printing papers were more dimensionally stable than corrugated papers. It revealed that printing papers could be better raw material for manufacture paperboard than corrugated papers. Information provided in this study could be used as a guideline for the manufacture of paperboard reinforced with kaolin as an additional constituent for quality improvement.

Properties of orchard pruning and suitability for composite production

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Turgut Sahin ◽  
Mustafa Burak Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Board Type

AbstractApple and cherry pruning with red pinewood particles in various proportions were used as the raw material for the experimental particleboard manufacturing in laboratory conditions. The results showed that there were no considerable differences in the main chemical constituents of carbohydrate and lignin content, although there were some differences found for extractives that are considerably higher for both cherry and apple pruning. The mean modulus of rupture values of boards were found to ranged from 12.4 to 18.48 MPa. These indicated that all the boards, except for the board type F (prepared from 100% apple pruning), met the minimum bending strength required in standard for general-purpose particleboards. The modulus of elasticity and internal bond of the experimental particleboards usually decreased as red pinewood particle content decreases in proportion. However, all the boards produced in this study met the minimum modulus of elasticity, internal bond, and surface strength required in standard for general-purpose particleboards. However, the thickness swelling for 24 h was considerably higher than the required in standard value of 14% for all boards.

scholarly journals Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Stalks as Alternative Raw Material for Cement Bonded Particleboard

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Hasan Hüseyin Taş ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kul
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Sunflower Stalks ◽  
Nominal Density ◽  
Screw Withdrawal ◽  
Absorption Thickness

Sunflower stalks (Helianthus annuus) were studied as an alternative raw material for cement bonded particleboard. Experimental cement bonded particleboards measuring 500 mm × 500 mm × 12 mm with nominal density of 1300 kg/m3 were produced using different ratios of sunflower stalk particles with wood. Properties of the cement bonded particleboards evaluated include water absorption, thickness swelling, screw withdrawal strength and bending properties. Results of the study showed that the addition of small amount of sunflower stalks in the production of cement bonded particleboard does not significantly influence the properties tested. Inclusion of more stalks in the mixture significantly decreases mechanical properties and raises thickness swelling and water absorption values of the cement bonded particleboard. Results indicate that boards which include a small amount of sunflower stalks provide properties required by the standards for general purpose-use cement bonded particleboards.

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