scholarly journals Physico-Mechanical and Biological Durability of Citric Acid-Bonded Rubberwood Particleboard

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Zhou Huaxu ◽  
Lee Seng Hua ◽  
Paridah Md Tahir ◽  
Zaidon Ashaari ◽  
Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Citric Acid Content ◽  
Acidic Nature ◽  
Biological Durability

This study investigated the effects of different citric acid content on the physico-mechanical and biological durability of rubberwood particleboard. Particleboards with density of 700 kg/m3 were produced with three different citric acid contents, namely 10, 15 and 20 wt%. Particleboards made from 10 wt% urea formaldehyde (UF) resin were served as control for comparison purposes. FTIR analysis was carried out and the formation of ester linkages between -OH on cellulose and carbonyl groups of citric acid was confirmed. The peak intensity increased along with increasing citric content, which indicated that a higher amount of ester linkages were formed at higher citric acid content. Citric acid-bonded particleboard had inferior physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (internal bonding strength, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity) compared to that of the UF-bonded particleboard. However, the performance of particleboard was enhanced with increasing citric acid content. Meanwhile, citric acid-bonded particleboard displayed significantly better fungal and termite resistance than UF-bonded particleboard owing to the acidic nature of citric acid. It can be concluded that citric acid is a suitable green binder for particleboard but some improvement is needed during the particleboard production process.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH KULIT KACANG TANAH DENGAN PEREKAT ALAMI ASAM SITRAT DENGAN PELARUT ASAP CAIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Ngadianto ◽  
Ganis Lukmandaru ◽  
Dhuria Maulidya Sari ◽  
Utari Mardatillah ◽  
Dera Fara Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Pressing Time ◽  
Citric Acid Content ◽  
Dry Wood

Binderlessboard is one of the potential eco friendly products that can be developed. Utiliation of natural adhesives for non-wood composite is still very limited. Therefore, this research is focused on effects of citric acid content and pressing time on characteristics of particleboard made from peanut shell including its durability to dry wood termite attacks. Peanut shell particles were used as raw materials. Citric acid dissolved in liquid smoke which functioned as a water substitute solvent under a certain ratio and the concentration of the solution was adjusted to 60%. The use of liquid smoke is expected to increase the durability of the particleboard. Factors used in this research were citric acid content (10-30% based on dry weight particles) and pressing time (10 minutes and 15 minutes). Properties of particleboard were analyed based on Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908 for particleboard. The dry wood termite resistance was then analyzed for its weight loss and mortality after 4 weeks. The results showed that the best particleboard was obtained from the treatment of 30% citric acid content with 15 minutes of pressing time where only the modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity did not met the requirement of JIS A 5908 type 8 with the thickness swelling were 3.276%, water absorption were 44,991%, internal bonding were 4.679 kgf / cm², modulus of rupture were 26.822 kgf / cm², and modulus of elasticity were 8,986,058 kgf / cm². The best value of weight loss and mortality of dry wood termites on particleboard was obtained in a combination of 30% citric acid content with 10 minutes pressing time were 1.083% and 38.67% respectively.

scholarly journals Particleboards from Recycled Pallets

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1597
Author(s):  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Zuzana Vidholdová
Keyword(s):  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

Worldwide production of wooden pallets continually increases, and therefore in future higher number of damaged pallets need to be recycled. One way to conveniently recycle pallets is their use for the production of particleboards (PBs). The 3-layer PBs, bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, were prepared in laboratory conditions using particles from fresh spruce logs (FSL) and recycled spruce pallets (RSP) in mutual weight ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 50:50 and 0:100. Particles from RSP did not affect the moisture properties of PBs, i.e., the thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA). The mechanical properties of PBs based on particles from RSP significantly worsened: the modulus of rupture (MOR) in bending from 14.6 MPa up to 10 MPa, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending from 2616 MPa up to 2012 MPa, and the internal bond (IB) from 0.79 MPa up to 0.61 MPa. Particles from RSP had only a slight negative effect on the decay resistance of PBs to the brown-rot fungus Serpula lacrymans, while their presence in surfaces of PBs did not affect the growth activity of moulds at all.

scholarly journals CITRIC ACID CONTENT OF MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

1921 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461
Author(s):  
G.C. Supplee ◽  
B. Bellis
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Citric Acid Content

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Petar Antov ◽  
Viktor Savov ◽  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Roman Réh ◽  
George I. Mantanis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
European Standards

The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE CITRIC ACID CONTENT OF MILK

1918 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
H.H. Sommer ◽  
E.B. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Citric Acid Content

Effect of Dietary Magnesium and Fluoride on Citric Acid Content of Chick Bones.

1964 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Griffith ◽  
H. E. Parker ◽  
J. C. Rogler
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Citric Acid Content

scholarly journals Properties of Wood Particleboards Containing Giant Reed (Arundo donax L.) Particles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10469
Author(s):  
Manuel Ferrandez-Villena ◽  
Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia ◽  
Teresa Garcia-Ortuño ◽  
Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia ◽  
Maria Teresa Ferrandez Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Giant Reed ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Industrial Manufacturing ◽  
Environmental Treatment ◽  
Arundo Donax L

Agriculture is responsible for generating large amounts of waste that are not adequately managed in terms of their environmental treatment and economic administration. This work uses giant reed, which was traditionally used as a construction material in eastern areas of Spain. Nowadays, it is no longer used, which has led to its rapid, autonomous, uncontrolled proliferation on river banks, making it a serious environmental hazard because this plant causes significant blockages of bridges and other infrastructure when uprooted by the strong currents that occur as rivers flood. The aim of this work is to develop wood and giant reed particleboards, which help to counter the high dependence on wood in industrial manufacturing by using an easily renewable resource. It will thereby be possible to achieve two general objectives: controlling the growth of a weed and obtaining a product (particleboards) from a waste material. Particleboards containing 9% urea formaldehyde composed of different proportions of sawmill wood and giant reed (0, 50, 70 and 100%) have been manufactured by applying two different pressures (2.1 and 2.6 MPa) and a temperature of 120 °C for 4 min in a hot plate press. Density, thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) after immersion in water, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding strength (IB) and screw holding strength (SH) have been tested according to european norms (EN) for wood boards. With the addition of 70% reed particles, the density, MOR and TS decrease and the MOE, IB and SH increase; therefore, adding giant reed particles to wood boards can improve their properties, bringing about considerable industrial and environmental benefits.

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