Properties of orchard pruning and suitability for composite production

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Turgut Sahin ◽  
Mustafa Burak Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Board Type

AbstractApple and cherry pruning with red pinewood particles in various proportions were used as the raw material for the experimental particleboard manufacturing in laboratory conditions. The results showed that there were no considerable differences in the main chemical constituents of carbohydrate and lignin content, although there were some differences found for extractives that are considerably higher for both cherry and apple pruning. The mean modulus of rupture values of boards were found to ranged from 12.4 to 18.48 MPa. These indicated that all the boards, except for the board type F (prepared from 100% apple pruning), met the minimum bending strength required in standard for general-purpose particleboards. The modulus of elasticity and internal bond of the experimental particleboards usually decreased as red pinewood particle content decreases in proportion. However, all the boards produced in this study met the minimum modulus of elasticity, internal bond, and surface strength required in standard for general-purpose particleboards. However, the thickness swelling for 24 h was considerably higher than the required in standard value of 14% for all boards.

scholarly journals The potential of using forest waste as a raw material in particleboard manufacturing

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 7780-7795
Author(s):  
Halil İbrahim Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Internal Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Forest Waste ◽  
Physical Density

Wood particles and a mixture of forest waste were investigated as raw material for the particleboard industry. Urea formaldehyde resin was used as the adhesive in the production of the particleboards. Some chemical (pH, dilute alkali solubility, hot and cold water solubility), physical (density, moisture, thickness swelling, and water absorption), mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, and screw holding strength) properties, as well as the contact angle values of the resulting particleboards were determined. Due to its needle litter and cone content, the forest waste exhibited a lower pH value and a higher content of extractive material than wood. Increasing the addition of forest waste led to significant reductions in the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboards. The addition of forest waste reduced the internal bond strength the most (56.6%), whereas the least reduction (15.7%) was in the value of screw holding strength perpendicular to the surface. The values of all panels except panel type F exceeded the minimum modulus of elasticity (1600 N mm-2) required for furniture production according to the EN 312-P2 standard. Results of the analyses showed that forest waste (10% and 20%) is a suitable renewable raw material source for panel production.

scholarly journals Use of Hardwood Species (Robinia pseudoaccacia from Short-rotation Plantations as Raw Material in Particleboards

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
J. Lawrence Tene Tayo ◽  
Achale Travolta Achale ◽  
Markus Euring
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Internal Bonding ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Short Rotation

The problem of climate change, coupled to the propagation of wood diseases (bark beetles for example), is leading to a shortage in softwood supply for the particleboard industries. Furthermore, the recent changes in the German forest policies which promote the conversion of coniferous forest into mixed stands are likely to enhance this phenomenon. There is, therefore, a growing need for research on possibilities of substituting the softwood with hardwood and other alternative material. For the first time, young six to seven years old Black locust (Robinia pseudoaccacia) stems from a short-rotation plantation were used at a laboratory scale with the objective of assessing the suitability of particleboard production. Four different variants were produced using different resin types: UF K350, UF K340, albumin, and PMDI, with a target density and thickness of 650 kg/m3 and 20 mm respectively for each board. The boards were tested regarding their mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bonding), physical (water absorption and thickness swelling) properties according to the European standard (EN 310, EN 317 and EN 319), and their formaldehyde content and emission following the EN 120 and EN 717. Industrial particles were used as reference material for the purpose of comparison. Promising bending strength was obtained with UF resins-bonded boards. The modulus of elasticity of all four variants fulfilled the EN 2003 requirements. The internal bond of the UF resins-bonded boards also met the general product standard, with values above 0.35 N/mm2. The bending strength and the internal bonding strength properties of the UF-bonded boards were superior to that of the reference boards produced with the industrial particles. Based on these results, black locust is a potential substitute for softwood in particleboard production and can be used in the industry as alternative raw material for panel production.

Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Pazio ◽  
Piotr Boruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Density Profile ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Larch Wood

Analysis of the influence of larch fibers and particles on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards. The paper presents the results of the research on the effect of the addition of fibers and particles obtained from European larch wood (Larix decidua Mill) from plantations on selected properties of fiber- and particleboards in comparison to the boards of the same structure based on typical industrial raw material (pine wood) uses by European wood based panels industry. The differences were shown in the tests, i.e.: modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity in static bending (MOE), internal bond (IB), thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours soaking in water and density profile. In the MOR and MOE tests, larch boards with a minimum 50% fiber share were characterized by comparable values of the properties determined to pine boards, while in the other variants, boards made of pine wood had better properties. In most cases, the larch boards were characterized by significantly lower values of swelling by thickness (with the exception of boards made of fibers) than boards made of wood from forest cultivation. The density profile of the boards on the cross-section of the plantation raw material did not differ from the boards made of pine raw material.

Analysis of the influence of particle and poplar fibres share on selected properties of particle-fibre boards

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Karol Zaraziński ◽  
Piotr Boruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Density Profile ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Poplar Hybrid ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Positive Effect

Analysis of the influence of particle and poplar fibres share on selected properties of particle-fibre boards. As a part of the study, one-layer particle-fibre boards with 12 mm thick and of average density 650 kg/m3 were manufactured from plantation poplar ‘Hybrid 275’ wood.. For the control variant a typical industrial raw material (pine wood) was used. The following properties were determined for the boards: modulus of rapture (MOR), density profile, modulus of elasticity at static bending (MOE), internal bond (IB), thickness swelling (TS) after 2h and 24h soaking in water. On the basis of conducted study, it was found that the addition of poplar fibers to particle-fibre boards in most cases has a positive effect on the values of determined properties – an increase in strength was noted, except for internal bond (IB). In the case of thickness swelling of the boards after 24 h soaking in water, it was noted that with the increase in the share of poplar fibers in the boards, the value of the tested property decreased (which was not clear in the case of thickness swelling of boards after 2 h soaking in water).

Research on the Bending Properties of the Bamboo-Wood Container Flooring

2013 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Juan Wei ◽  
Dan Zeng ◽  
Ming Jie Guan
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Aging Performance

In this paper, the bending properties of bamboo-wood container flooring and bamboo curtain-OSB container flooring were tested and the six-cycle artificial accelerated aging method of ASTM D1037 was conducted to evaluate the aging performance of two kinds of bamboo-wood container floorings. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were tested in the longitudinal and transverse directions before and after aging. The results showed that both the bending strength and MOE decreased after aging. The retention ratios of MOR of the bamboo-wood container flooring and bamboo curtain-OSB container flooring were respectively 43.5%, 72.0%, and the retention ratios of MOE were 54.6%, 76.3%. In general, the effect of aging on the bamboo-wood container flooring was larger than that on the bamboo curtain-OSB container flooring.

scholarly journals Panel Board From Coconut Fibre And Pet Bottle

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhayati Ngadiman ◽  
Masiri Kaamin ◽  
Aslila Abd. Kadir ◽  
Suhaila Sahat ◽  
Aziza Zaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Coconut Fibre ◽  
Outer Lining ◽  
Alternative Feedstock

The rate of global deforestation and its impact on the environment has led particle board manufacture to search for alternative feedstock, especially in countries where wood is less available compared to other cellulosic natural product. Based on the properties of coconut fibre and PET bottle, these two materials can be recycle as raw material for manufacture of panel board. As for this study, the coconut fibre were used as the filler and PET bottle as outer lining of the panel board. Two types of coconut fibre were used which are grinding and un-grinding coconut fibre. At first, the coconut fibre are undergoes softening, grinding, drying and sieving process, while PET bottle was cleaning, shredding, sieving before compacted using hydraulic hot press machine. There are four types of testing that been carried out which are swelling, water absorption, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). The result show the conventional board has the highest value for MOE test, so it’s indicate that the conventional board is less strength from the coconut fibre board. As for water absorption test, the average water absorption of coconut fibre based panel board is less than conventional board. Overall, the coconut fibre board is better than conventional panel board because coconut fibre board are less swelling, has low water absorption, high modulus of rupture and low modulus of elasticity. Based on the finding, this coconut fibre panel board has potential as a stronger and long-lasting panel board than the conventional board in the market. Other than that, the panel also have their own aesthetic value since the recycled plastic bottle used as outer lining is colourful and giving aesthetic value.

Development and evaluation of new curing agents derived from glycerol for formaldehyde-free soy-based adhesives in wood composites

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Huang ◽  
Kai Gu ◽  
Kaichang Li
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Soy Flour ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Wood Composites ◽  
Curing Agents ◽  
Resistance Tests

Abstract Three novel curing agents (I, II, and III) were synthesized from epichlorohydrin and ammonium hydroxide. The combinations of soy flour (SF) with one of the curing agents (SF-I, SF-II, and SF-III) were investigated as adhesives for making interior plywood. Water resistance tests showed that plywood panels bonded with SF-I and SF-III adhesives met the requirements of interior plywood, whereas those bonded with SF-II did not. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength of particleboard panels bonded with the SF-II adhesive all exceeded the corresponding minimum industrial requirements for M-2 grade particleboard.

scholarly journals All-lignocellulosic Fiberboard from Steam Exploded Arundo Donax L.

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Ramos ◽  
Nour-Eddine El Mansouri ◽  
Francesc Ferrando ◽  
Joan Salvadó
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Arundo Donax L

This paper explores the possibility of producing all-lignocellulosic fiberboards from Arundo donax L. as a source of lignocellulosic fibers with no synthetic binders. This raw material was steam exploded with a thermomechanical aqueous vapor process in a batch reactor. The Arundo donax raw material and its obtained pulp were characterized in terms of chemical composition and the results were compared to other lignocellulosic materials. The chemical composition of steam exploded Arundo fibers showed high cellulose and a moderate lignin content suggesting it was a good raw material for fiberboard production. The all-lignocellulosic fiberboards were produced on laboratory scale; using the steam exploded Arundo donax by means of a wet process. The effects of pressing pressure on physical and mechanical properties were evaluated and the conditions that optimize the responses were found. The analyzed properties were density (d); water absorption (WA); thickness swelling (TS); modulus of elasticity (MOE); modulus of rupture (MOR); and internal bond strength (IB). The tested levels of the pressing pressure range from 0.35 to 15 MPa. The optimum IB; MOE; MOR; WA and TS were 1.28 MPa, 7439 MPa, 40.4 MPa, 17.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The obtained fiberboards were of very good quality and more than satisfy the requirements of the relevant standard specifications.

Effect of Particle Size on Some Properties of Rice Husk Particleboard

2007 ◽  
Vol 18-19 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Osarenmwinda ◽  
J.C. Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Internal Bond ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties (Modulus of Elasticity, Modulus of Rupture, and Internal Bond) and physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) of rice husk particleboard. The particle sizes used were 1.0mm, 1.18mm, 2mm, 2.36mm and 2.80mm. Each was mixed with a constant resin (urea formaldehyde) concentration of 20% of oven dry weight of rice husk particles. The results showed that as the particle size increased, the particleboard’s mechanical and physical properties decreased. For example, the modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, thickness swelling and water absorption for 1.0mm particle size particleboard were 1590N/mm2, 11.11N/mm2, 0.28N/mm2,10.90% and 38.53% respectively, while for 2.8mm particle size they were 1958N/mm2,14.2N/mm2, 0.44N/mm2, 11.51% and 47.21% respectively. Overall results showed that particleboard made from rice husk exceed the EN standard for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond. However, thickness swelling values were poor. Hence, the smaller the particle size the better the properties of the particleboard.

scholarly journals Impact of cyclic densification on bending strength and modulus of elasticity of wood from temperate and tropical zones

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 2869-2881
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Laskowska
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Densification Temperature ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thermo Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Milicia Excelsa

Oak (Quercus robur L.), iroko (Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg), and tauari (Couratari spp.) wood were subjected to cyclic thermo-mechanical treatment (CTMT). The densification temperature amounted to 100 °C or 150 °C. The greatest changes in the modulus of rupture (MOR) value of the iroko wood, depending on the number of thermo-mechanical modification cycles, were noted. The MOR of the iroko wood, densified at 100 °C or 150 °C, after second thermo-mechanical modification cycle was twice as high as before the modification. No significant differences were observed between the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of oak wood before and after one modification cycle. Similar dependencies were noted in iroko wood. The thermo-mechanical modification performed over two cycles led to the highest increase, by about 56%, in MOE in oak wood densified at 150 °C. It was demonstrated that modification at 150 °C had a negative impact on iroko wood, which was manifested in the lower compression ratio of iroko at 150 °C than at 100 °C.

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