Examination of Rubber-Brass Inter-Reacted Layer of Steel Cord by Cross Sectional TEM Observation

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Yamauchi ◽  
Toshi Shimizu ◽  
Mitch Doi ◽  
David Yasunaga ◽  
Takenori Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Reaction ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brass Plate ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Brass Plating

Abstract Cross sectional TEM observation was conducted with the aim of investigating the interfacial reaction of commercially manufactured steel cord and rubber during vulcanization. At the initial phase of the reaction, an inter-reacted layer was uniformly generated regardless of uneven brass thickness. As vulcanization progresses, the thickness of the interreacted layer becomes uneven, i.e. the thicker the brass plate, the thicker the inter-reacted layer becomes. Thus, the inter-reacted layer grows unevenly making a mirror image of the uneven brass plate, while a Zn-rich brass layer was formed between the brass plating and the inter-reacted layer.

Níveis de estresse da equipe de enfermagem do centro cirúrgico: estudo transversal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Flávia Barreto Tavares Chiavone ◽  
Andrea Tayse de Lima Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Cristiane Filgueira Martins Rodrigues ◽  
Larissa De Lima Ferreira ◽  
Pétala Tuani Candido de Oliveira Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Nursing Professionals

Aim: to measure the stress levels of nursing professionals from the surgical center of a university hospital in northeastern Brazil. Method: this is a descriptive and cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach that was performed with 57 workers from the researched sector. The data collection was performed in February 2015, through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Lipp Stress Symptom Inventory. Result: it was verified that only 11 (19.3%) professionals presented some stage of stress; however, a concern is pointed out in the study regarding the stage of stress in which workers are: resistance. This indicates that stress is no longer in its initial phase. Regarding the inferential analysis of the data, it was evidenced that the practice of physical activity is a protective factor against the incidence of stress. Conclusion: although the investigated sector has potentially stressful characteristics, being a closed sector, the population investigated presented low levels of stress incidence.

Adhesion of Rubber to Brass Plate

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Gurney
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
Brass Plate ◽  
General Production ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Brass Plating ◽  
High Level

Abstract The brass-plating process is one of the most important methods of bonding rubber to metal. It consists of depositing a thin layer of copper zinc alloy on the surface of the metal. The rubber is then moulded in contact with the brass deposit, and in most cases, a strong bond is established during vulcanization. Even, however, when all precautions are taken, bond failures occur, often with no obvious cause, so the process is still somewhat suspect. It is only fair to say, however, that this variability appears to be common to most methods of bonding rubber to metal, and that in general production a high level of adhesion is maintained.

Effects of Salt Corrosion on the Adhesion of Brass Plated Steel Cord to Rubber

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Ishikawa ◽  
Shinji Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Concentration Cell ◽  
Open Type ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Brass Plating ◽  
Electrochemical Oxygen

Abstract Adhesion loss caused by salt corrosion is proposed to occur by the following process: 1) During a salt corrosion test, the NaCl solution rises in the cavity located at the steel-cord center. 2) An electrochemical oxygen concentration cell is formed. 3) OH− is produced by the reduction of oxygen. 4) An increase of the NaOH concentration causes the reverse of ion tendency between brass and steel. 5) Dezincification and dissolution of brass take place in the brass plating. The same process also occurs in the corrosion of a bare brass plated steel cord immersed in NaCl solution. Compounds containing cobalt stearate and a compound free from cobalt show adhesion deterioration by the process described above. Many other cobalt salts suppress the corrosion of brass in NaCl solution. At the same time, the underlying steel changes to become ignoble compared with brass, leading to the production of a large amount of rust. In view of the above considerations, it is desirable to remove the cavity located at the steel-cord center in order to suppress the steel-cord corrosion. Use of an open type of steel cord is useful in this respect.

scholarly journals Awareness of dissection skills and tools session in preparing first MBBS learners for cadaveric dissection in medical school a qualitative analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
TLS Gowri ◽  
M Ramadevi ◽  
Aparna Vedapriya ◽  
V Janaki ◽  
Jana Siva Koti Srinivasa Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Subject

Qualitative dissections require knowledge of dissection tool kit and dissection skills which acquired will allow dissector to take care for cadaveric donor while acquiring the experience and knowledge of a successful dissection. This promotes the researcher to equip the learner in initial phase with dissection skills and tools.The main objective of the study is to analyse the learner prior and after interventional sessions as to how effective the session would be helpful in improving the quality and participation of learners in dissection. A qualitative prospective cross-sectional study was done in 168 Learners of I MBBS by an interventional session on the topic through General lecture and demonstration. Learners were assessed prior and after the interventional session by same validated questionnaire. Perceptions of learners were also taken. The obtained data were compared and its significance was analysed by Chi-square test using Epi info 7.1 software.The pre and post-test scores showed a significant improvement of 64 percent on average with p value less than 0.001 indicating that the session was fruitful. 80% of learners also opined that the session stimulated interest in the subject and improved their dissection skills.An interventional session on “Awareness of dissection skills and tools” in the initial phase would increase the Learners performing quality dissections with ease. This would also help the learner to acquire better independent surgical skills and understanding in clinical phases of learning and therefore would recommend it in early phase of I MBBS Anatomy.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in Indian children in the initial phase of the pandemic: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhakti Sarangi ◽  
Venkat Sandeep Reddy ◽  
Jitendra S. Oswal ◽  
Nandini Malshe ◽  
Ajinkya Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio

Abstract Background: India saw the largest and the most stringent lockdown in the world when the number of COVID-19 cases reached around 550. With some early benefits in containing the surge and restricting the R0 of the virus, the current relaxation of lockdown norms has witnessed an exponential rise in positive cases. With scarcity of Pediatric data from the Indian subcontinent, early observations in the pandemic are pivotal in improving the understanding of physiologic behaviors, identifying risks, and guiding clinicians in assessing time-tested interventions and augmenting the awareness in the masses about the manifold clinical profiles of an evolving disease.Objective: To assess the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of children admitted with COVID-19 infection early in the pandemic.Study Design: A cross-sectional studyParticipants: Fifty children between one month and 18 years of age whose nasopharyngeal swab tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT- PCR. Results: 28 (56%) children were male. 41 (82%) came from government declared containment zones with only one child having history of travel to affected area. Home overcrowding was observed in 33 (66%). Of the 50 children, 29 (58%) were asymptomatic while 20 (40%) and one (2%) had mild and moderate symptoms respectively. Fever, cough, and sore throat were the most common symptoms. 49 (98%) children had BCG scar. Leucopenia was seen in three (6%) only. Mean (SD) Neutrophil-Lymphocyte-Ratio (NLR) was 0.78 (0.48) while mean (SD) CRP was 10.98 (23.90). All 50 (100%) were cured. Conclusion: Our study reasserts the increasing pediatric burden of COVID-19 with all age groups affected and overcrowding as a risk factor for continued community transmission, thus beckoning that public health policies be directed to ensuring further preventive measures. It also re-iterates the milder disease pattern in children with COVID-19 in the initial phase of the pandemic with a high proportion of asymptomatic and mild illness. Though abnormal CRP values are synonymous with the illness in children; leucopenia may not be a consistent finding.

Examination of Rubber Adhesion Property of Brass Film on Steel Formed by Magnetron Sputtering

2005 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Yamauchi ◽  
Toshi Shimizu ◽  
Mitch Doi ◽  
David T. Yasunaga ◽  
Takenori Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Adhesion Force ◽  
Adhesion Property ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
Ar Plasma ◽  
Excellent Adhesion

Abstract Brass films were formed on steel rods by magnetron sputtering by using 63 wt% Cu - 37 wt% Zn target in Ar plasma. The brass plated steel rods were inserted in crude rubber and then cured to form various samples. Rubber-brass inter-reacted layers were investigated by cross sectional TEM observation. Evaluation of adhesion force was also conducted in order to compare with the TEM investigation. The magnetron sputtering brass film has strongly oriented columner crystal structure and thickness of the film is uniform in whole area. The magnetron sputtering film has excellent adhesion regardless of the film thickness that cannot be attained by that of commercially manufactured steel cord.

Site and Severity of the Increased Humeral Retroversion in Symptomatic Baseball Players

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1825-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Itami ◽  
Teruhisa Mihata ◽  
Koji Shibano ◽  
Kazuomi Sugamoto ◽  
Masashi Neo
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Elbow Injury ◽  
Humeral Retroversion ◽  
Dominant Side

Background: Humeral retroversion in baseball players is greater in the dominant shoulder than in the nondominant shoulder. However, the site and severity of the humeral rotational deformity remain unclear. Purpose: To evaluate the site of side-to-side differences in humeral retroversion in baseball players and the severity of these changes through 3-dimensional computed tomographic (3D CT) bone models. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: From 2008 to 2014, we studied 25 baseball players (12 pitchers, 13 fielders) who underwent surgery for throwing-related injuries (shoulder injury, 15 players; elbow injury, 10 players). The mean age (±SD) at the time of surgery was 20.0 ± 5.9 years. A reconstructed 3D CT model of the entire humerus was divided into 15 segments of equal height (overall mean, 21.4 ± 1.0 mm). The side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion in each segment was calculated by superimposing the model of the dominant side over the mirror-image model of the nondominant side. Results: The overall mean increase in humeral retroversion was 13.0° ± 6.2° on the dominant side. Significant side-to-side differences in retroversion were present throughout the humerus. The largest side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion was seen at the insertions of the internal rotator muscles (2.5° ± 4.3°) and around the proximal physis (2.5° ± 1.4°). At the insertions of shoulder capsule and rotator cuff tendons, the superior half of the humeral head was more retroverted than the inferior half ( P < .0001). The side-to-side difference in humeral retroversion was significantly greater in the pitchers (16.2° ± 5.1°) than in the fielders (10.0° ± 5.7°) ( P = .009), particularly at the proximal physis. Conclusion: Baseball players exhibited significant side-to-side differences in humeral retroversion at multiple sites throughout the humerus, including the proximal humerus near the epiphyseal plate and at the insertions of the internal rotator muscles, the middle of the humeral shaft, and the distal third of the humerus. Therefore, the increased humeral retroversion at multiple sites throughout the humerus needs to be considered when we perform physical examinations, provide treatment, or undertake biomechanical studies for any throwing-related injuries.

scholarly journals External cervical resorption—a review of pathogenesis and potential predisposing factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Chen ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Xuliang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Dental Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractExternal cervical resorption (ECR) refers to a pathological state in which resorption tissues penetrate into the dentin at the cervical aspect of the root. Despite being latent in its initial phase, ECR could cause severe damage to mineralized dental tissue and even involve the pulp if not given timely diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, the etiology of ECR is still poorly understood, which adds to the difficulty in early diagnosis. ECR has received growing attention in recent years due to the increasing number of clinical cases. Several potential predisposing factors have been recognized in cross-sectional studies as well as case reports. In the meantime, studies on histopathology and pathogenesis have shed light on possible mechanisms of ECR. This review aims to summarize the latest findings in the pathogenesis and potential predisposing factors of ECR, so as to provide pragmatic reference for clinical practice.

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