Future of Decellularized Dental Pulp Matrix in Regenerative Endodontics

With the advancements in tissue engineering, the repair and regeneration of oral/dental tissue are becoming possible and productive. Due to periodontal diseases, the tooth loses bone support resulting in tooth loss, but bone grafting stabilizes with new bone. It is seen that due to the progression of dental caries, pulp damage happens, and the vitality of the tooth is compromised. The current theme of dental pulp regeneration through biological and synthetic scaffolds, is becoming a potential therapy for pulp revitalization.

Preparation, Physicochemical Assessment and the Antimicrobial Action of Hydroxyapatite–Gelatin/Curcumin Nanofibrous Composites as a Dental Biomaterial

In this study, we prepared and evaluated hydroxyapatite–gelatin/curcumin nanofibrous composites and determined their antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans. Hydroxyapatite–gelatin/curcumin nanofibrous composites were prepared by the electrospinning method. The prepared nanocomposites were then subjected to physicochemical studies by the light scattering method for their particle size, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify their functional groups, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study their crystallinity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study their morphology. For the microbial evaluation of nanocomposites, the disk diffusion method was used against Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The results showed that the nanofibers were uniform in shape without any bead (structural defects). The release pattern of curcumin from the nanocomposite was a two-stage release, 60% of which was released in the first two days and the rest being slowly released until the 14th day. The results of the microbial evaluations showed that the nanocomposites had significant antimicrobial effects against all bacteria (p = 0.0086). It seems that these nanocomposites can be used in dental tissue engineering or as other dental materials. Also, according to the appropriate microbial results, these plant antimicrobials can be used instead of chemical antimicrobials, or along with them, to reduce bacterial resistance.

Magnetism in Dentistry: Review and Future Perspectives

Tissue engineering or tissue reconstruction/repair/regeneration may be considered as a guiding strategy in oral and maxillofacial surgery, as well as in endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, and daily clinical practice. A wide range of techniques has been developed over the past years, from tissue grafts to the more recent and innovative regenerative procedures. Continuous research in the field of natural and artificial materials and biomaterials, as well as in advanced scaffold design strategies has been carried out. The focus has also been on various growth factors involved in dental tissue repair or reconstruction. Benefiting from the recent literature, this review paper illustrates current innovative strategies and technological approaches in oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering, trying to offer some information regarding the available scientific data and practical applications. After introducing tissue engineering aspects, an overview on additive manufacturing technologies will be provided, with a focus on the applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the biomedical field. The potential applications of magnetic fields and magnetic devices on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement will be analysed.

THE EFFECT OF CHOCOLATE BISCUIT AND JELLY CANDY CONSUMPTION ON SALIVARY pH IN ELEMENTARY STUDENTS

Introduction:Dental caries is a disease of hard dental tissue, namely enamel, dentin, and cementume caused by a microorganism in a carbohydrate that can be shared. Stimulus secretion of saliva consists of mechanical stimulation including talking, chewing, and gargling, while chemical stimulation in the form of the impression of taste. Chocolate biscuits and jelly candies are sweet, sticky, and chewy cariogenic foods that greatly affect changes in salivary pH. Children aged 9-10 years are more susceptible to dental disease because it is a critical age group, at that age there is a transition of tooth growth from baby teeth to permanen teeth. Purpose:This study aims to determine the differences in salivary pH between consuming chocolate biscuits and jelly candies in students aged 9-10 years. Materials and Methods: The research design used was a pre-experimental study with a pretest and posttest control group design. The number of subjects required was 32 respondents, by taking a Simple Random Sampling, which was divided into 2 groups, each group consisting of 16 people. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon test and One Way ANOVA. Result and Discussion: The result showed that, the mean value of saliva pH before chewing chocolate biscuits was 8.09, in minute to five was 3.96, in minute to ten was 6.50, then in minute to fifteen was 7.33. While the mean salivary pH before chewing jelly candy was 7.66, in minute to five was 5.17, in in minute to ten was 6.81, and in minute to fifteen was 7.50. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study was that chewing chocolate biscuits was more influential in lowering salivary pH than chewing jelly candies after 5 (five) minutes of mastication and there was no difference in mean increase in salivary pH between groups after 10-15 (ten-fifteen) minutes of chewing chocolate biscuits and jelly candies.

Application of Selected Biomaterials and Stem Cells in the Regeneration of Hard Dental Tissue in Paediatric Dentistry—Based on the Current Literature

Currently, the development of the use of biomaterials and their application in medicine is causing rapid changes in the fields of regenerative dentistry. Each year, new research studies allow for the discovery of additional possibilities of dental tissue restoration. The structure and functions of teeth are complex. They consist of several diverse tissues that need to act together to ensure the tooth’s function and durability. The integrity of a tooth’s enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp tissue allows for successful mastication. Biomaterials that are needed in dentistry must withstand excessive loading forces, be biocompatible with the hosts’ tissues, and stable in the oral cavity environment. Moreover, each tooth’s tissue, as well as aesthetic qualities in most cases, should closely resemble the natural dental tissues. This is why tissue regeneration in dentistry is such a challenge. This scientific research focuses on paediatric dentistry, its classification of caries, and the use of biomaterials in rebuilding hard dental tissues. There are several methods described in the study, including classical conservative methods such as caries infiltration or stainless-steel crowns. Several clinical cases are present, allowing a reader to better understand the described methods. Although the biomaterials mentioned in this work are artificial, there is currently ongoing research regarding clinical stem cell applications, which have a high potential for becoming one of the most common techniques of lost dental-tissue regeneration in the near future. The current state of stem cell development is mentioned, as well as the various methods of its possible application in dentistry.

EFEK GENOTOKSISITAS PADA BAHAN DENTAL ADHESIF

The use of dental adhesive materials in dental practice everyday has raised questions about the biological effects on tissues. Adhesive system has attracted considerable research interest in recent years, dental adhesive will succeed depends on the chemical adhesive, on the appropriate clinical management of materials and the knowledge of morphological changes in dental tissue caused by different bonding procedures. Some studies suggest that the dental adhesive material Genotoxicity have any effect on the network. Genotoxic effects may significantly reduce the potential for tissue repair or cause the development of neoplasia in the long term.

Raman and XANES Spectroscopic Study of the Influence of Coordination Atomic and Molecular Environments in Biomimetic Composite Materials Integrated with Dental Tissue

In this work, for the first time, the influence of the coordination environment as well as Ca and P atomic states on biomimetic composites integrated with dental tissue was investigated. Bioinspired dental composites were synthesised based on nanocrystalline calcium carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite Ca4ICa6IIPO46−xCO3x+yOH2−y (nano-cHAp) obtained from a biogenic source and a set of polar amino acids that modelled the organic matrix. Biomimetic composites, as well as natural dental tissue samples, were investigated using Raman spectromicroscopy and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Molecular structure and energy structure studies revealed several important features related to the different calcium atomic environments. It was shown that biomimetic composites created in order to reproduce the physicochemical properties of dental tissue provide good imitation of molecular and electron energetic properties, including the carbonate anion CO32− and the atomic Ca/P ratio in nanocrystals. The features of the molecular structure of biomimetic composites are inherited from the nano-cHAp (to a greater extent) and the amino acid cocktail used for their creation, and are caused by the ratio between the mineral and organic components, which is similar to the composition of natural enamel and dentine. In this case, violation of the nano-cHAp stoichiometry, which is the mineral basis of the natural and bioinspired composites, as well as the inclusion of different molecular groups in the nano-cHAp lattice, do not affect the coordination environment of phosphorus atoms. The differences observed in the molecular and electron energetic structures of the natural enamel and dentine and the imitation of their properties by biomimetic materials are caused by rearrangement in the local environment of the calcium atoms in the HAp crystal lattice. The surface of the nano-cHAp crystals in the natural enamel and dentine involved in the formation of bonds with the organic matrix is characterised by the coordination environment of the calcium atom, corresponding to its location in the CaI position—that is, bound through common oxygen atoms with PO4 tetrahedrons. At the same time, on the surface of nano-cHAp crystals in bioinspired dental materials, the calcium atom is characteristically located in the CaII position, bound to the hydroxyl OH group. The features detected in the atomic and molecular coordination environment in nano-cHAp play a fundamental role in recreating a biomimetic dental composite of the natural organomineral interaction in mineralised tissue and will help to find an optimal way to integrate the dental biocomposite with natural tissue.