Cure Adhesion in the Interface of Fluorinated and Nitrile Rubbers

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 822-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Mori
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Nitrile Rubbers

Abstract Recently there has been a great deal of interest in new composite rubbery materials. Good properties require the reinforcement of the interfacial region which is formed between different rubbers. In order to strengthen the interfacial region, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the interfacial layer and the intermolecular forces. However, in a laminate and blends of rubbers with physically and chemically different properties, it is often very difficult to obtain this as, for example, in the case of fluorinated (FR) and nitrile (NBR) rubbers. This work indicates newly developed vulcanization systems which are very effective in producing FR-NBR composite materials with very good properties, because they induce interpolymer interactions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Interphase Environmental Degradation at Elevated Temperature of Fibre-Reinforced Titanium Matrix Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 096369350701600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore E. Matikas
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Interfacial Damage ◽  
Titanium Matrix ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Damage Initiation

Fibre reinforced metallic composite materials are being considered for a number of applications because of their attractive mechanical properties as compared to monolithic metallic alloys. An engineered interphase, including the bond strength between the composite's constituents, contributes to a large extent to the improvement of strength and stiffness properties of this class of materials. However, in high temperature applications, where combination of cyclic loading with environmental effects is expected, consideration should be given to interphase degradation, especially in the vicinity of stress risers, such as notches and holes. The applicability of damage tolerance analysis in structural components made of titanium matrix composite materials designed to operate under high temperature environments would depend on the availability of adequate characterization methods for the evaluation of interfacial degradation. The objective of this paper is to provide a basic understanding of interfacial degradation mechanisms due to oxidation in environmentally exposed titanium-based composites subjected to cyclic stresses. A non-destructive method has been developed enabling high-resolution monitoring of interfacial damage initiation and accumulation as well as surface/subsurface cracking behaviour during interrupted fatigue tests. This nondestructive technique is based on surface acoustic wave propagation in the composites and can detect minute changes in elastic properties of the interfacial region due to elevated temperatures as well as oxygen effects.

Segmental dynamics in interfacial region of composite materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 148 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongfan Hao ◽  
Zhiping Zhou ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Ding Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Segmental Dynamics

Characterization of the Si/Diamond Interface

1992 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Williams ◽  
J. S. Speck ◽  
M. D. Drory
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Diamond Films ◽  
Auger Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
Growth Sequence

ABSTRACTAuger spectroscopy is used to determine the bonding states of carbon in the interfacial region between silicon and PECVD diamond films. SiC and sp2-hybridized carbon are observed. We suggest a possible growth sequence for diamond films to account for the interfacial layer.

MORPHOLOGY, STRAIN AND MICROSTRUCTURE INTERRELATION IN Si-ON-SAPPHIRE HETEROSTRUCTURE

1999 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
pp. 1003-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GARTSTEIN ◽  
D. MOGILYANSKI ◽  
H. METZGER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Interfacial Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

The interfacial region at the substrate, the morphology of the interface and the surface were studied for a number of Si-on-saphire (SOS) samples using X-ray scattering techniques, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A strained interfacial layer is formed in this high misfit system. The dislocations created in this layer and at the interfacial steps accommodate the elastic strain buildup. The misfit relaxation is accompanied by the misorientation of the epilayer with respect to the substrate, which itself depends on the substrate miscut parameters and the thickness of the epilayer. The observed azimuthal rotation of the epilayer miscut is attributed to the effect of the anisotropic microtwinning evolving with the increasing epilayer thickness. This azimuthal rotation is reflected by the step morphology on the surface of the epilayers.

Multiphase Finite Element Modeling of Machining Unidirectional Composites: Prediction of Debonding and Fiber Damage

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinmaya R. Dandekar ◽  
Yung C. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Brittle Failure ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

A multiphase finite element model using the commercial finite element package ABAQUS/EXPLICIT is developed for simulating the orthogonal machining of unidirectional fiber reinforced composite materials. The composite materials considered for this study are a glass fiber reinforced epoxy and a tube formed carbon fiber reinforced epoxy. The effects of varying the fiber orientation angle and tool rake angle on the cutting force and damage during machining are considered for the glass fiber reinforced epoxy. In the case of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy, only the effect of fiber orientation on the measured cutting force and damage during machining is considered. Two major damage phenomena are predicted: debonding at the fiber-matrix interface and fiber pullout. In the multiphase approach, the fiber and matrix are modeled as continuum elements with isotropic properties separated by an interfacial layer, while the tool is modeled as a rigid body. The cohesive zone modeling approach is used for the interfacial layer to simulate the extent of debonding below the work surface. Bulk deformation and shear failure are considered in the matrix for both the models and the glass fiber. A brittle failure criterion is used for the carbon fiber specimen and is coded in FORTRAN as a user defined material (VUMAT). The brittle failure of the carbon fibers is modeled using the Marigo model for brittle failure. For validation purposes, simulation results of the multiphase approach are compared with experimental measurements of the cutting force and damage. The model is successful in predicting cutting forces and damage at the front and rear faces with respect to the fiber orientation. A successful prediction of fiber pullout is also demonstrated in this paper.

Utilization of XPS Analysis for the Characterization of Mechanochemical Activation in Polymer-Cement Composite Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukáš Kalina ◽  
David Matoušek ◽  
František Šoukal
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Mechanochemical Activation ◽  
Cement Composite ◽  
Xps Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Reaction Mechanism

This paper introduces the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique, well applicable for the analysis of the interfacial layer between polyvinyl alcohol and monocalcium aluminate in macro defect-free (MDF) cement. The experimental results explain the chemical reaction mechanism during the mechanochemical process, which is crucial for the formation of those non-traditional polymercement composite materials.

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