scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Chloroplast Development and Photosynthetic Activities in C_3- and C_4-Plants : 1. Studies on Ultrastructure of Developing Chloroplasts within Vascular Bundle Sheaths and Mesophyll Cells of Barley and Maize Leaves

10.5109/23651 ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Sun Hi Lee ◽  
Motoki Ikeda ◽  
Yoshio Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

scholarly journals Cyst(e)ine Is the Transport Metabolite of Assimilated Sulfur from Bundle-Sheath to Mesophyll Cells in Maize Leaves

1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1315-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Burgener ◽  
Marianne Suter ◽  
Stephanie Jones ◽  
Christian Brunold
Keyword(s):  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves

scholarly journals Arabidopsis leaf hydraulic conductance is regulated by xylem-sap pH, controlled, in turn, by a P-type H+-ATPase of vascular bundle sheath cells

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Grunwald ◽  
Noa Wigoda ◽  
Nir Sade ◽  
Adi Yaaran ◽  
Tanmayee Torne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump ◽  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
List Type ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Leaf Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

AbstractThe leaf vascular bundle sheath cells (BSCs) that tightly envelop the leaf veins, are a selective and dynamic barrier to xylem-sap water and solutes radially entering the mesophyll cells. Under normal conditions, xylem-sap pH of <6 is presumably important for driving and regulating the transmembranal solute transport. Having discovered recently a differentially high expression of a BSCs proton pump, AHA2, we now test the hypothesis that it regulates this pH and leaf radial water fluxes.We monitored the xylem-sap pH in the veins of detached leaves of WT Arabidopsis, AHA mutants, and aha2 mutants complemented with AHA2 gene solely in BSCs. We tested an AHA inhibitor and stimulator, and different pH buffers. We monitored their impact on the xylem-sap pH and the whole leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), and the effect of pH on the water osmotic permeability (Pf) of isolated BSCs protoplasts.Our results demonstrated that AHA2 is necessary for xylem-sap acidification, and in turn, for elevating Kleaf. Conversely, knocking out AHA2 alkalinized the xylem-sap. Also, elevating xylem sap pH to 7.5 reduced Kleaf and elevating external pH to 7.5 decreased the BSCs Pf.All these demonstrate a causative link between AHA2 activity in BSCs and leaf radial water conductance.One-sentence summaryBundle-sheath cells can control the leaf hydraulic conductance by proton-pump-regulated xylem sap pH

scholarly journals Cytological evidence of BSD2 functioning in both chloroplast division and dimorphic chloroplast formation in maize leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heying Li ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
Xingshan Jiang ◽  
Rongxin Shen ◽  
Huina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Chloroplast Division ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Maize Leaves

Abstract Background Maize bsd2 (bundle sheath defective2) is a classical C4 mutant with defective C4 photosynthesis, accompanied with reduced accumulation of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) and aberrant mature chloroplast morphology in the bundle sheath (BS) cells. However, as a hypothetical chloroplast chaperone, the effects of BSD2 on C4 chloroplast development have not been fully examined yet, which precludes a full appreciation of BSD2 function in C4 photosynthesis. The aims of our study are to find out the role ofBSD2 in regulating chloroplasts development in maize leaves, and to add new insights into our understanding of C4 biology. Results We found that at the chloroplast maturation stage, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in the BS and mesophyll (M) cells became significantly looser, and the granaof chloroplasts in the M cells became thinner stacking in the bsd2 mutant when compared with the wildtype plant. Moreover, at the early chloroplast development stage, the number of dividing chloroplasts and the chloroplast division rate are both reduced in the bsd2 mutant, compared with wild type. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of both thylakoid formation-related genesand chloroplast division-related genes is significantly reduced in the bsd2 mutants. Further, we showed that BSD2 interacts physically with the large submit of Rubisco (LS) in Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assay. Conclusions Our combined results suggest that BSD2 plays an essential role in regulating the division and differentiation of the dimorphic BS and M chloroplasts, and that it acts at a post-transcriptional level to regulate LS stability or assembly of Rubisco.

Morphology of the balsam fir needle gall induced by the midge Paradiplosis tumifex (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. West ◽  
J. D. Shorthouse
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Gall Formation ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Resin Ducts

Paradiplosis tumifex induces a simple, single-chambered, prosoplasmic gall on the adaxial surface of current-year needles of balsam fir. Proliferating and enlarged mesophyll cells surround the immature larva except for an ostiolar opening on the adaxial surface. The vascular bundle is not affected by gall formation, but the cells lining the resin ducts are altered. As the gall matures the epidermis and one or two layers of underlying mesophyll cells become lignified. Concentrations of starch granules are retained in gall cells after starch has been dissipated in tissues beyond the gall and in nongalled needles. Host damage occurs when galled needles dry and abscise prematurely.

Bundle sheath cells and cell-specific plastid development in Arabidopsis leaves

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Kinsman ◽  
K.A. Pyke
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Mesophyll Cell ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Plastid Development ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Differential Development ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

Bundle sheath cells form a sheath around the entire vascular tissue in Arabidopsis leaves and constitute a distinct leaf cell type, as defined by their elongate morphology, their position adjacent to the vein and by differences in their chloroplast development compared to mesophyll cells. They constitute about 15% of chloroplast-containing cells in the leaf. In order to identify genes which play a role in the differential development of bundle sheath and mesophyll cell chloroplasts, a screen of reticulate leaf mutants of Arabidopsis was used to identify a new class of mutants termed dov (differential development of vascular-associated cells). The dov1 mutant clearly demonstrates a cell-specific difference in chloroplast development. Mutant leaves are highly reticulate with a green vascular pattern. The underlying bundle sheath cells always contain normal chloroplasts, whereas chloroplasts in mesophyll cells are abnormal, reduced in number per cell and seriously perturbed in morphology at the ultrastructural level. This demonstrates that differential chloroplast development occurs between the bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in the Arabidopsis leaf.

scholarly journals Implication of the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway in conditioning the amino acid metabolism in bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of maize leaves

FEBS Journal ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (12) ◽  
pp. 3193-3206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Hélène Valadier ◽  
Ayako Yoshida ◽  
Olivier Grandjean ◽  
Halima Morin ◽  
Jocelyne Kronenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Maize Leaves

Leaf ultrastructure in species of Gomphrena and Pfaffia (Amaranthaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Emília Estelita-Teixeira ◽  
Walter Handro
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lamellar System ◽  
Kranz Anatomy ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Vascular Parenchyma

Ultrastructural aspects, especially the organization of chloroplasts and their distribution, were studied in leaves of three species of Gomphrena (G. macrocephala, G. prostrata, and G. decipiens) presenting "Kranz anatomy," and in Pfaffia jubata, without that characteristic. In Gomphrena spp. the distribution of chloroplasts according to the complexity of their lamellar system seems to follow a gradient: most of the chloroplasts in the bundle sheath cells have poorly developed grana but some of them, in the cell side opposite to the vascular bundle, may present conspicuous grana. A similar situation occurs in "Kranz mesophyll cells," but in this case grana are more developed. Finally, chloroplasts in "non-Kranz mesophyll cells" have the more developed grana. In P. jubata no differences occur in chloroplast structure, all of them showing well-organized grana. Chloroplasts with well-developed grana were found in vascular parenchyma and in companion cells of Gomphrena spp. and P. jubata.

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