scholarly journals Comparative Studies on Chloroplast Development and Photosynthetic Activities in C_3- and C_4-plants. : III. Studies on Activities of Some Enzymes Concerned with CO_2 Fixation Following the Chloroplast Development in Barley and Maize Leaves.

10.5109/23708 ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Sun Hi Lee ◽  
Motoki Ikeda ◽  
Young Hee Kang ◽  
Yoshio Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities

scholarly journals Cytological evidence of BSD2 functioning in both chloroplast division and dimorphic chloroplast formation in maize leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heying Li ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
Xingshan Jiang ◽  
Rongxin Shen ◽  
Huina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Chloroplast Division ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Maize Leaves

Abstract Background Maize bsd2 (bundle sheath defective2) is a classical C4 mutant with defective C4 photosynthesis, accompanied with reduced accumulation of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) and aberrant mature chloroplast morphology in the bundle sheath (BS) cells. However, as a hypothetical chloroplast chaperone, the effects of BSD2 on C4 chloroplast development have not been fully examined yet, which precludes a full appreciation of BSD2 function in C4 photosynthesis. The aims of our study are to find out the role ofBSD2 in regulating chloroplasts development in maize leaves, and to add new insights into our understanding of C4 biology. Results We found that at the chloroplast maturation stage, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in the BS and mesophyll (M) cells became significantly looser, and the granaof chloroplasts in the M cells became thinner stacking in the bsd2 mutant when compared with the wildtype plant. Moreover, at the early chloroplast development stage, the number of dividing chloroplasts and the chloroplast division rate are both reduced in the bsd2 mutant, compared with wild type. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of both thylakoid formation-related genesand chloroplast division-related genes is significantly reduced in the bsd2 mutants. Further, we showed that BSD2 interacts physically with the large submit of Rubisco (LS) in Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assay. Conclusions Our combined results suggest that BSD2 plays an essential role in regulating the division and differentiation of the dimorphic BS and M chloroplasts, and that it acts at a post-transcriptional level to regulate LS stability or assembly of Rubisco.

scholarly journals Cytological evidence of BSD2 functioning in both chloroplast division and dimorphic chloroplast formation in maize leaves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heying Li ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
Xingshan Jiang ◽  
Rongxin Shen ◽  
Huina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Chloroplast Division ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Division Rate ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Maize Leaves

Abstract Background: Maize bsd2 ( bundle sheath defective2 ) is a classical C 4 mutant with defective C 4 photosynthesis, accompanied with reduced accumulation of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) and aberrant mature chloroplast morphology in the bundle sheath (BS) cells. However, as a hypothetical chloroplast chaperone, the effects of BSD2 on C 4 chloroplast development have not been fully examined yet, which precludes a full appreciation of BSD2 function in C 4 photosynthesis. The aims of our study are to find out the role of BSD2 in regulating chloroplasts development in maize leaves, and to add new insights into our understanding of C 4 biology. Results: We found that at the chloroplast maturation stage, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in the BS and mesophyll (M) cellsbecame significantly looser, and the granaof chloroplasts in the M cells became thinner stacking in the bsd2 mutant when compared with the wildtype plant. Moreover, at the early chloroplast development stage, the number of dividing chloroplasts and the chloroplast division rate are both reduced in the bsd2 mutant, compared with wild type. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of both thylakoid formation-related genesand chloroplast division-related genes is significantly reduced in the bsd2 mutants. Further, we showed that BSD2 interacts physically with the large submit of Rubisco (LS) in Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assay. Conclusions: Our combined results suggest that BSD2 plays an essential role in regulating the division and differentiation of the dimorphic BS and M chloroplasts, and that it acts at a post-transcriptional level to regulate LS stability or assembly of Rubisco.

scholarly journals Cytological evidence of BSD2 functioning in both chloroplast division and dimorphic chloroplast formation in maize leaves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heying Li ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
Xingshan Jiang ◽  
Rongxin Shen ◽  
Huina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
C4 Photosynthesis ◽  
Chloroplast Division ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Maize Leaves

Abstract Background: Maize bsd2 (bundle sheath defective2) is a classical C4 mutant with defective C4 photosynthesis, accompanied with reduced accumulation of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) and aberrant mature chloroplast morphology in the bundle sheath (BS) cells. However, as a hypothetical chloroplast chaperone, the effects of BSD2 on C4 chloroplast development have not been fully examined yet, which precludes a full appreciation of BSD2 function in C4 photosynthesis. The aims of our study are to find out the role ofBSD2 in regulating chloroplasts development in maize leaves, and to add new insights into our understanding of C4 biology. Results: We found that at the chloroplast maturation stage, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in the BS and mesophyll (M) cellsbecame significantly looser, and the granaof chloroplasts in the M cells became thinner stacking in the bsd2 mutant when compared with the wildtype plant. Moreover, at the early chloroplast development stage, the number of dividing chloroplasts and the chloroplast division rate are both reduced in the bsd2 mutant, compared with wild type. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of both thylakoid formation-related genesand chloroplast division-related genes is significantly reduced in the bsd2 mutants. Further, we showed that BSD2 interacts physically with the large submit of Rubisco (LS) in Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assay. Conclusions: Our combined results suggest that BSD2 plays an essential role in regulating the division and differentiation of the dimorphic BS and M chloroplasts, and that it acts at a post-transcriptional level to regulate LS stability or assembly of Rubisco.

scholarly journals SCARECROW gene function is required for photosynthetic development in maize

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Hughes ◽  
Jane A. Langdale
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Oxygenase

AbstractC4 photosynthesis in grasses relies on a specialized leaf anatomy. In maize, this ‘Kranz’ leaf anatomy is patterned in part by the duplicated SCARECROW (SCR) genes ZmSCR1 and ZmSCR1h. Here we show that in addition to patterning defects, chlorophyll content and levels of transcripts encoding Golden2-like regulators of chloroplast development are significantly lower in Zmscr1;Zmscr1h mutants than in wild-type. These perturbations are not associated with changes in chloroplast number, size or ultrastructure. However, the maximum rates of carboxylation by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO, Vcmax) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, Vpmax) are both reduced, leading to perturbed plant growth. The CO2 compensation point and 13C‰ of Zmscr1;Zmscr1h plants are both normal, indicating that a canonical C4 cycle is operating, albeit at reduced overall capacity. Taken together, our results reveal that the maize SCR genes, either directly or indirectly, play a role in photosynthetic development.Significance statementSCARECROW (SCR) is one of the best studied plant developmental regulators, however, its role in downstream plant physiology is less well-understood. Here, we have demonstrated that SCR is required to establish and/or maintain photosynthetic capacity in maize leaves.

scholarly journals Cytological evidence of BSD2 functioning in both chloroplast division and dimorphic chloroplast formation in maize leaves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heying Li ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
Xingshan Jiang ◽  
Rongxin Shen ◽  
Huina Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Chloroplast Division ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Wild Type Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Maize Leaves

Abstract Background: Maize bsd2 ( bundle sheath defective2 ) is a classical C 4 mutant with defective C 4 photosynthesis, accompanied with reduced accumulation of Rubisco (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) and aberrant mature chloroplast morphology in the bundle sheath (BS) cells. However, as a hypothetical chloroplast chaperone, the effects of BSD2 on C 4 chloroplast development have not been fully examined yet, which precludes a full appreciation of BSD2 function in C 4 photosynthesis. The aims of our study are to find out the role of BSD2 in regulating chloroplasts development in maize leaves, and to add new insights into our understanding of C 4 biology. Results: We found that at the chloroplast maturation stage, the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in the BS and mesophyll (M) cells became significantly looser, and the grana of chloroplasts in the M cells became thinner stacking in the bsd2 mutant when compared with the wild type plant. Moreover, at the early chloroplast development stage, the number of dividing chloroplasts and the chloroplast division rate are both reduced in the bsd2 mutant, compared with wild type. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of both thylakoid formation-related genes and chloroplast division-related genes is significantly reduced in the bsd2 mutants. Further, we showed that BSD2 interacts physically with the large submit of Rubisco (LS) in Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation assay. Conclusions: Our combined results suggest that BSD2 plays an essential role in regulating the division and differentiation of the dimorphic BS and M chloroplasts, and that it acts at a post-transcriptional level to regulate LS stability or assembly of Rubisco.

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